大专英语(III)Unit2.docVIP

90b611a52b676559c8c668119c61aeb4.pdf Book III Unit 2 Advertising 1. leaf through: turn the pages of (a book, magazine, etc.) quickly without reading too much 匆匆翻阅 (书, 杂志等) l You dont have to read every page of this magazine. It would do just to leaf through it. 你不用阅读这本杂志的每一页, 只要翻阅一下就行了. 2. commercial: n. C an advertisement on television or radio 商业广告l This TV station specializes in running commercials. 这家电视台是专搞广告宣传的. l We are looking for examples of distortions and falsehoods in television commercials. 我们在寻找电视广告里歪曲事实和弄虚作假的例子. adj. 1) of, related to, or used in commerce 商业上的, 商务方面的l He is well-known in the commercial world. 他在商界里很有有名. l Shanghai is a major commercial metropolis in China. 上海是中国主要的商业大都市. 2) producing or likely to produce profit 盈利的l Though the film is not a commercial success, it has received very good reviews. 这部电影虽然不太卖座, 但对它的评价却很好. 3. mass: n. 1) C a large number; lots 很多, 大量 2) C a large solid lump or pile 团, 块 3) (plural) ordinary people 民众, 群众l Her garden is a mass of flowers. 她的花园种满了花. l There are masses of people in here. 这里有很多人。 l A peoples army is bound to enjoy the support of the broad masses of the people. 一支人民的军队一定能得到广大人民群众的支持. adj. of or for a large number of, especially people 很多(人)的, 大量的l mass production 批量生产l mass transportation 公共交通运输l weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤性武器a mass of: a large number of; a lot of 许多, 大量, 大批 l a great mass of building 一大群建筑物l A mass of cold air is moving south. 大团冷空气正在南移. (It can also be followed by uncountable nouns.) 4. respond to: feel and express the result or effect of sth. 对作出反应l She responded to the news with great joy. 听到这个消息她异常兴奋. l How do you respond to the new policy? 你对新出台的政策怎么看? 5. fascinating: adj. extremely interesting and charming 有极大吸引力的, 迷人的l How can I ever forget this truly fascinating country of yours! 我怎么会忘记你们这个如此令人陶醉的国家呢? fascinate: v. attract or hold the interest and attention of 把迷住; 把吸引住l The foreigner is so fascinated by the Summer Palace that hes bound to visit it at least once a year. 那位外国人被颐和园迷住了, 每年至少要去参观一次.l The short story fascinated the little boy with its unusual plot. 这篇短篇小说以它不凡的故事情节吸引了那个小男孩. 6. part: adv. partly, in part 部分地l The medical exam is part written, part practice. 医学考试部分是笔试, 部分是考实践能力. 7. show business: the entertainment business; the job of people who work in television, films, the theater, etc. 娱乐界/业, 娱乐性行业 l She is in show business. 她从事娱乐性行业. 8. react: v. 1) act or behave in a particular way in answer or opposition to 反应, 反对 l People react differently to the same situation. 对同一情况人们的反应会不同. l Children tend to react against their parents by going against their wishes. 孩子往往故意违背父母的意愿以示抗拒. 2) (of a substance) change when mixed with another substance (物质) 起化学反应l The two substances wont react in the absence of oxygen. 在没有氧气的情况下这两种物质不会起反应. react to: feel and express the effect of; judge sth. or someone; respond to 对 作出反应, 对 起反应 l Children react well to a lively teacher. 孩子们对活泼的老师反应很好. 9. salesmanship: n. U skill in selling 售货术, 推销术l To be a qualified marketing manager, one needs to take a course in salesmanship. 要成为一个合格的营销经理, 你得上一门销售术课. l It took some clever salesmanship to get our plan accepted by the committee. 用了些出色的推销技巧使得委员会接受了我们的计划. 10. expand: v. increase in size, number, volume, degree, etc.; (cause to) grow larger 扩大, (使) 膨胀l Metals expand when they are heated. 金属遇热膨胀. l We hope to expand our business this year. 今年我们想把业务扩大. 11. stand: v. remain true or in force, be still valid 保持有效 l Our offer will stand until December. 我们的承诺有效到12月. l Does your decision still stand? 你的决定依然维持不变吗? 12. person-to-person contact: 人与人的接触 Similar structures: l a face-to-face talk 面对面的交谈l a heart-to-heart talk 谈心13. selling message: the message about the selling of products/commodities 销售信息 Selling message is the desired image or idea that the advertiser wants to project to the audience. For instance, McDonalds has a “selling message” that kids will love their food and toys. Even though the advertisement does not “say” this right out, it uses images and music that imply this “selling message” very strongly to the audience. 14. at one time: at the same time 同时l They all tried to talk at one time. 他们同时抢着说话. 15. who, for a fee, shouted out messages to one and all. (Para. 6) Meaning: who spoke in a loud voice to everyone who was passing by about the products of the company which hired them to do so. Note: Notice the position of “for a fee” in this sentence. The usual order would be: who shouted out messages about a companys products to one and all for a fee. In this particular instance, the positioning of “for a fee” is done to imply that the public criers, in those times, was paid prior to or in exchange for his/her services. shout out: speak out loudly 大声地说, 大声地叫喊l The commander shouted out the order to his soldiers. 指挥官对他的战士大声地发布命令. l The boss is shouting out to his workers to do the work right away. one and all: every one 每个人, 全体l That is an important matter and has to be agreed upon by one and all. 这是件大事, 所有的人都同意才行. 16. growing cities: Notice the ing participle phrase “growing cities”. The semantic/syntactic relation (语意/句法关系) between the ing participle “growing” and noun “cities” can be regarded as subject-verb relation (主谓关系), that is, cities that grow / are growing. Similarly, a sleeping beauty (睡美人) means a beauty who is sleeping, a walking dictionary (活字典) is a dictionary that walks. This contrasts with the ing participle phrase “selling message” we came across earlier in this text. “Selling message” does not mean a message that is selling /sells, but that a message someone distributes for the purpose of selling (the products or commodities). Similarly, drinking water indicates someone drinks water or water for drinking, and chewing gum (口香糖) indicates that someone chews gum and gum for chewing. 17. corn: 玉米 Notice that this meaning of corn is mainly found in American English. In British English, corn generally refers to any of various types of grain plants, such as barley (大麦), oats (燕麦), especially wheat (小麦), e.g. a field of ripe corn (一片成熟的庄稼) 18. industrial: adj. of industry or the people who work in it 工业的, 产业的, 产业工人的l Now the river has become so heavily polluted with industrial wasters that the water is no longer fit for drinking. 现在这条河流被工业废物污染得非常厉害, 河水已不再适合饮用. Note: the difference between “industrial” and “industrious”. Though both of them derive from the same noun “industry”, they have totally different meanings. Industrious: hard-working, diligent 勤劳的l The Chinese people are a brave and industrious people. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的人民. 19. take the place of: act or be used instead of; replace 取代; 代替; 替代 l The new will eventually take the place of the old. 新事物终将替代旧事物. Cf. take ones place: take ones seat 就座 take place: happen 发生l I took my place at the table. 我在饭桌边就座. l When did the accident take place? 事故什么时候发生的? 20. in large quantities: in large amounts 大量 = adv. We can also say: a large quantity of 大量, 许多 = adj. l That country buys cotton in large quantities. 那个国家购买了大量棉花. l They need a large quantity of salt. 他们需要许多盐. 21. stay in: continue to be in (a state, usually good) 维持 状况l How has the car stayed in such good condition after all those miles of traveling? 车子跑了那么些路怎么还是好好的呢? l Please stay in contact with me. 请和我保持联系. 22. cloth: Notice that cloth is generally an uncountable noun (不可数名词). But it can be used as a countable noun (可数名词) in reference to a piece of cloth used for a special purpose. When cloth is used as a countable noun, it often appears in compound words. l a table cloth 台布/桌布l a dishcloth 擦/洗碗布 l I used a soft cloth to clean the screen of the television. 我用了一块柔软的布擦干净电视机屏幕. 23. specific: adj. 1) particular, fixed, determined, or named 具体的, 特有的, 特定的l The policies of the Chinese government are formulated according to the specific conditions in China. 中国政府的政策是根据中国的具体/特殊国情制定的. 2) clear in meaning or explanation 明确的, 确切的, 精细的l The teacher gave us very specific instructions before we set out. 我们出发前， 老师给了我们明确的指示. Note: Note the difference between concrete and specific when they are used in the sense of “具体的”. Concrete denotes that sth. is not abstract (抽象的). For example, a concrete object (具体的物体) is an object that can be seen, or touched. An aim cannot be a concrete object as it can be neither physically seen nor touched. But an aim can be described as specific if it is clearly defined. be specific to: limited to; found only in 仅限于l This epidemic is specific to the south. 这一流行性疾病只局限于南方/只发生在南方. 24. come to: suggesting the transition from one state to another after a gradual process 终于; 逐渐; 开始 l We came to know each other after the incident. 这件事过后我们开始相互了解了. l He had come to see the problem in a new light. 他终于对这个问题获得新的认识. l During her years at the school, Mary came to know that road well. 在学校的那些岁月里, 玛丽逐渐熟悉了那条路. 25. have a right to sth. / to do sth.: have a moral authority to do sth. 有权得到某物/做某事l You have no right to tell me what to do. 你没权叫我干这干那. l He has a right to half your income. 他有权分一半你的收入. 26. chief: adj. 1) most important; main 最重要的, 首要的l We must focus on our sales force as the chief means of improving trade. 我们必须把重点放在我们的销售力量上, 作为改善贸易的主要手段. 2) highest in rank 最高级别的, 首席的l He is the chief editor of the newspaper. 他是该报的主编. n. C a leader, ruler, or head, the person in a group, party, organization, etc. who has the highest rank 领袖, 首领, 头目, 主管 l command-in-chief 统帅, 总司令 l editor-in-chief 总编, 主编 l chief of general staff 总参谋长l The Britains Queen is still regarded as Chief of State in Canada. 英国女王在加拿大仍然被视为国家元首. 27. objective: n. C an aim, especially one that must be worked towards over a long period; goal (尤指长远的) 目标, 目的l Her main objective now is to become an internationally famous scientist. 现在她的主要目标就是成为国际有名的科学家. l Our present objective is to build our country into a well-off society. 我们当前的目标是把我们国家建成一个小康社会. adj. 1) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; fair 客观的, 公正的l How can you make an objective decision if she is your own daughter? 如果她是你的亲生女儿, 你怎么能作出客观公正的决定呢? 2) (in grammar) of the object (语法中的) 宾格的 e.g. objective case 宾格28. media: n. (the plural form of medium) the newspapers, television, radio 大众传播媒介 ( It is also referred to as mass media) l Mass media exercise strong influence in present-day society. 大众媒体在今天的社会有很大的影响. Note: The verb used with the word media generally takes the plural form, but it occasionally takes the singular form. For example: l The mass media have/has a lot of power now. 大众媒体现在很有势力. medium: n. C a method for giving information; form of art 传播(信息的)媒介; 艺术形式 It has two plural forms: media and mediums l Do you agree with the claim that the medium is the message? 你同意艺术形