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Lecture3 Macro HistoricalStudies SOSC602RL3 2 TheComparativeHistoricalMethod SmallN ManyVariablesMultivariateanalysisExplainsbyhistoricalprocesses classrelations socialandecon changes etc StructuralexplanationCannotconfirmtheorybutservesasavaluablecheckfortheoreticalspeculation SOSC602RL3 3 ClassAnalysis MajorClassesTheLandedaristocracy upperclassThebourgeoisieThemiddleclassThe urban workingclass workersPeasantsOthers smallholders farmers gentry etc SOSC602RL3 4 BarringtonMoore AlternativeRoutesofHistoricalDevt Democracy FascismandCommunismCommercializationofagricultureTheroleofthelandedupperclass bourgeoisieandpeasantsEconomicandStructuralExplanation SOSC602RL3 5 England parliamentarydemocracy WoolTradeCommercialoutlookoflandedaristocratsEnclosuresforsheepraisingin16 17C Civilwarin17C victoryofallianceofbourgeoisie landedaristocratsLargetenantsandyeomansupportedcommercializationIncreasedenclosurewipedoutthepeasantry SOSC602RL3 6 France Aristocratsdependentonmonarchytoextractfrompeasants dependsonduesSaleofoffice bourgeoisiedep onkingWineasmostimportantproducePoorpeasantsenragedbyincreasedues susceptibletoradical egalitarianthoughtsFrenchrevolutionin1789removedmonarchy landedaristocracy SOSC602RL3 7 3routestomodernworld Democratic bourgeoisrevolution peaceful England orviolent France US TopDownrevolution landedupperclasscoalescedwithstatetobuildarepressiveregime Fascism Germany Japan Peasantrevolution communism SOSC602RL3 8 TheDemocraticRoute FeudalismhelpsRoughbalanceb wnobleandcrownNobourgeoisie NoDemocracyLandedaristocratsattitudetocommercializationofagric Preindustrialbureaucraticelite royalabsolutismRevolutionarybreakwiththepast SOSC602RL3 9 TheFascistRoute 2possibleroutesofcapitalaccumulation a plantationslavery E Germany b peasantsociety laborrepressiveregime Japan Landedaristocracydep onking preservationofamilitaryethosBourgeoisietooweaktofightagainstkingoraristocracy SOSC602RL3 10 StateascentralizedbureaucracythathelpedtosqueezethepeasantsindevtUseglorificationofpeasantry nationalism andoldvaluestoappealtopeasantry SOSC602RL3 11 PeasantRevolution LandlordsneedingprotectionofCentralGovt tosqueezethepeasantsDidthepeasantsdependonlandlordsforserviceorprotection Royalabsolutism centralizedstate lessneedforlandlordprotectionAttitudeofbetter offpeasants SOSC602RL3 12 ThedaSkocpolStatesandSocialRevolutions ComparisonoftheFrench 1789 Chinese 1911 Russian 1917 RevolutionsStructural non voluntaristicexplanation revolutiondidnotcomeb cofrevolutionmovementsThecomingofarevolutionarysituationInt l world historicalcontexts SOSC602RL3 13 Similarities AutocraticmonarchiesBureaucratic centralizedstatePre industrial mostlyagriculturalthatfailedtomodernizeForeigncompetition militarythreat necessitytomobilizemoreresourcesFiscalcrisisduetovariousreasonsPeasantrevoltsagainstlandlords SOSC602RL3 14 RevolutionCauses Collapseoftheoldregime weakenedbydecentralization reforms ormilitarydefeatFrance war fiscalcrisis increaseofduesledtoclassconflictChina decentralizationesp infinancialmatters Reformists gentrypushedforconstitutionalreformRussia weaklandedupperclass strongstatewhichwasweakenedbyWWI JackAGoldstone TowardAFourthGenerationofRevolutionaryTheory AnnualReviewofPoliticalScience 2001 4 139 87 SOSC602RL3 15 SOSC602RL3 16 Rueschemeyer Stephens sCapitalistDevelopmentandDemocracy Capitalistdevtbroughtdemocracyb citstrengthensworking middleclass weakensthelandedupperclassWinners losersofdemocracyWorkingclassthemostadamant persistentsupporterofdemocracy SOSC602RL3 17 Differentclasses Landedupperclassmostreactionary moresoiftheyreliedoncoercion relyoncheaplaborThebourgeoisiehasliberalpotentialbutwasshakyMiddleclasswasambiguous pushedfortheirowninclusionbuthesitatedaboutinclusionofworkingclass SOSC602RL3 18 Middleclassinstrumental iftheycouldnotgetall
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