英语(二)及钢筋混凝土结构基本原理.docVIP

考试安排课程名称考试时间考场编号座位号0763钢结构基本原理(开卷)2010-06-26 08:30:00 - 09:50:00 0009190764工程建设监理(开卷)2010-06-26 10:40:00 - 12:00:00 0004220047大学英语二(闭卷)2010-06-26 14:00:00 - 15:20:00 0001160761钢筋混凝土结构基本原理(开卷)2010-06-26 16:10:00 - 17:30:00 0007030755工程项目管理(开卷)2010-06-27 08:30:00 - 09:50:00 0001270760土力学(开卷)2010-06-27 10:40:00 - 12:00:00 0001100727建筑力学(开卷)2010-06-27 14:00:00 - 15:20:00 0002240728建筑制图1(开卷)2010-06-27 16:10:00 - 17:30:00 000218单选题1. Mr. Smith declared that he did not want _ up any responsibilities.A：to take2. I remember _ to help us when we got into trouble.C：him once offering3. Tom and Jerry wore dark glasses to avoid _.D：being recognized4. _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.D：When one is walking5. Dont expect _ abroad this vocation, we may not have enough money.B：to go6. Our soldiers have succeeded _ some enemys important positions.B：in taking over7. When the buses ran into each other, your brother _?A：escaped being hurt, didnt he8. Almost everyone failed _ after the new rules issued last year.B：to pass their drivers test9. I havent decided which room _.B：to live in10. Since she is very angry now, we _.D：might as well leave her alone11. Its very kind _ to do us such a favor.D：of you12. They didnt pass the exam last time, I regretted _.C：being unable to help13. If we _permitted, we would have started our journey two days ago.C：had been14. It is no use _ about it, because he will never change his mind.C：arguing15. I have been studying here for four years; by the end of next summer, I _.D： shall have graduated16. The teacher stood there, _ by a group of people.A：surrounded17. There is nothing to do but _ till he comes back.A：wait18. Each student _ a separate job.A：was given19. Can you see him _ now?D：crossing the road20. _ from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful at night.D：To be watched1. Mr. Smith _ that he did not want to go for a trip whatever price it may be.A：declared2. I _ blamed him for his carelessness because he was too tired.D：shouldnt have3. This test _ a number of multiple choice questions.B：consists of4. If you _, no one will believe you.D：always break your promise5. I am suspicious _ that woman - I think she may have stolen something from our shop.C：of6：单选题6. She has persisted _ the study of English.B：in7. This music _ by a young pianist.D：was composed8： Let us try again, _?B：will you9. You have done your job, _?D：havent you10. Whenever I met with difficulties, I _ to Charlie for help.D：would turn11. I _ to London but I was promised to visit it next year.A：have never been12. When he reached the airport, his friends plane _.C：had already taken off13. I wish to visit your hometown, _?B：may I14. You seldom had time for writing, _?A：did you15. All the cases can be considered within the existing _.C：constitution16. Have you written these letters? No, _ time to do my other work yet.B：I have hardly had17. In the past, writers _ hours in coffee houses, discussing the news of the day.B：used to spend18. They suffered _ for their beliefs.A： persecution19. He was very nervous when he _ make an impromptu speech (即兴演讲).B：was asked to20. I think it must have been in 1967 _ I visited the Great Lake the first time.A：that1. The headmaster pointed out to him that this was a trouble he had _ himself.C：brought upon2. The author assures us that it is true, lest anyone _ his story strange.D： think3. The officer kept silent, so I couldnt figure out _ he agreed or not.B：whether4. The poor woman _ crying very helpful to express her sadness.A：considers5. Many a young teacher _ engaged in the research work.D：has been6. You cannot see the patient at the moment; he is now _ medical treatment.C：under7. An ambulance (救护车) is waiting in the street. Somebody _ hurt or killed.B：must have been8. Too much work at the same time made that girl _.D：exhausted9. Its better to _ your usual bedtime and rising pattern.D：stick to10. With the _ and departure of the tide, we felt calm again.D：arrival11. I would like to propose that all broadcasting in the U.S. _ prohibited by law.C：be12. I feel as if I had wakened _ a nightmare.A：from13. It is _ to run into the danger for nothing.B：childish14. I think we should let Mary go camping with her classmates. _, shes a big girl now.D：After all15. The postman comes at exactly ten oclock every morning to deliver the _.B：letters16. Very few plants and animals can _ heat or cold for a long time.D：endure17. They did a lot of _ work but refused to take any extra pay.D：extra18. Well carry out our plan _ there are lots of difficulties.D：even though19. Prof. Smith is not a stranger to us. Weve met him on several _.C：occasions20. There was a minor problem _ Jims car, but he fixed it himself.C：with阅读下面的短文，将正确答案填入题后的空格内。Passage 1For most people, life is easier and more comfortable than ever before. Convenience foods from the supermarket simplify shopping and cooking. Household appliances like the vacuum cleaner and the washing machine have taken the drudgery out of housework. Released from these household chores, many wives have found jobs outside the home. Women are achieving economic independence.Families, too, are simpler today. In American, it is not customary for parents to live with their married children. With our greater mobility, relatives have scattered, the parents retiring to Florida or Arizona and the young people, after they marry, going wherever their jobs or their parents or their interests take them.Young adult women have new freedom, too. While attending college, they often live away from home, sometimes far from their parents or their relatives. After college, they move to the city, find a job, and set up a bachelor apartment. This is the era of womens liberation.But all this freedom and affluence (富裕) have had an unforeseen and in some respects a devastating （破坏的）effect on marriage.1. In the U.S., families are becoming _B_. B) smaller2. Why are women able to achieve economic independence? A) Because convenience foods are available.3. Hard housework was taken away by _. D) modern equipment4. Which of the following statements is not true according to the text? D) Women prefer to be bachelors.5. The next implies that the author _.D) greatly worries about the bond of marriagePassage 2No author in American literature is better known or more loved than Samuel Langhorne Clemens. Born in Missouri in 1835, he grew up on the banks of the Mississippi River and used the pen name of Mark Twain. The two novels brought him his greatest fame: Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. Another book, Life on the Mississippi, told of his adventures on the riverboats of that period.It was during the Civil War that Mark Twains life as a writer started. At that time he was working as a newspaperman in Nevada and California. His short story, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, was an immediate success and his new life began.In 1870, Mark Twain married Olivia Langdon. He had fallen in love with her picture even before he met her. His wife had a great influence on Twains later books.Mark Twain was also a very successful lecturer. His travels around the county giving talks on different kinds of subjects helped make him famous and increased the sale of his books.Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn are considered Twains best works. They are marked by humor and satire and provide his readers with an excellent picture of his time. His last book was completed in 1909, one year before his death. He was then 74 years old.6. Mark Twain is _. A) the best known author in American literature 7. The book, Life on the Mississippi, told us _. A) his adventures on the Mississippi8. Which of the following novels made him famous? B) Huckleberry Finn9. Mark Twains life as a writer started _. B) after he got married10. From the story we can learn that Mark Twain _. A) was a poor newspapermanPassage 3Albert Einstein had a great effect on science and history, greater than only a few other men have achieved. An American university president once commented that Einstein had created a new outlook, a new view of the universe. It may be some time before the average mind understands fully the identify of time and space and so on- but even ordinary men understand now that the universe is something larger than even thought before.By 1914 the young Einstein had gained world fame. He accepted the offer to become a professor at the Prussian Academy of Science in Berlin. He had few duties, little teaching and unlimited opportunities for study, but soon his peace and quietness were broken by the First World War.Einstein hated violence. The misery(悲惨) of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little. He lost interest in his research. Only when peace came in 1918 was he able to get back to work.In the years following World War honors were increasingly heaped on him. He became the head of the Kaiser Whithem Institute of Theoretical Physics. In 1921 he won the Nobel Prize, and he was honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism when he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.11. The main idea of the first paragraph is _.C) the change in human thought produced by Einstein12. According to the American university president, _.D) The theory of relativity can be quickly learned by everyone13.According to Paragraph 2, Albert Einstein _.A) was a famous chemist14.According to the passage Einstein did his greatest work _.B) when Nazism rose 15.It may be concluded that _.C) Germans usually have a high respect for science：论述题 将下列段落翻译成汉语（一次做完后提交，单独提交不予计分 ）。1、Once there was a man who had two children, a boy and a girl. The boy was good-looking but the girl was not. One day they found a mirror for the first time and they saw what they looked like. The boy was very pleased and he said to his sister, How handsome I am! I look much nicer than you!” The girl did not like what her brother said and gave him a hard push. Go away!” she said. Their father saw what was happening. He went up to them and said to the boy, You must always BE good as well as LOOK good.” Then to the girl he said, My dear, if you help everyone and do your best to please him, everyone will love you. It does not matter that you are not as good-looking as your brother.” （3分）2、Can animals be made to work for us? Some scientists think that one day animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs. They say that in a film or on TV we may see elephants, or monkeys, dogs, bear, or other animals doing a lot of things. If you watch carefully, you may find that those animals are always given something to eat in return for doing them. The scientists say that many different animals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they know they will get something to eat in return. Of course, as we know, dogs can be used to guard a house, and elephant can be used to do some heavy jobs. And we can also teach animal to work in factories. Apes, for example, have been used in America to help make cars and scientists believe that these large monkeys may one day get in crops and even drive trains. （4分）3、A lot of boys and girls in America are wearing the same clothes and many of them have long hair. So it is often difficult to tell whether they are boys or girls. One day an old man went for a walk in a park in Washington, and he was tired, he sat down on a bench. A young person was standing on the other side of the pond. Excuse me,” the old man said to the person next to him on the bench, Do you see the person with the red trousers and long hair? Is it a boy or a girl?” A girl,” said his neighbour, She is my daughter.” Oh,” the old said quickly, I am sorry, but I didnt know that you were her mother.” Im not,” said the other person. Im her father.” （3分）1、有一个人，有两个孩子，一男一女。男孩很好看，女孩却不。一天，他们第一次发现了一面镜子，他们看到了自己的长相。男孩很高兴，对妹妹说：“我多英俊啊！我比你好看！”女孩不喜欢她哥哥说的话，重重地推了他一下。“走开！”她说。他们的爸爸看到发生的一切。他走向前去，对男孩说：“你必须长得好看，心地也得好。”然后，对女孩说：“亲爱的，如果你帮助别人，尽力让他高兴，人人都会爱你。你没有你哥哥好看又有什么关系呢?” 2、动物能为我们工作吗?一些科学家认为有一天动物能被训练来做一些简单的工作。他们说，在电影或电视里，我们可以看见大象、猴子、狗、熊和其他动物做很多事情。如果你仔细看的话，你会发现那些动物在做了事情后，总是得到吃的作为回报。科学家说许多动物都能被训练来作一些简单的工作，如果动物们知道它们将得到吃的东西作回报。当然，我们知道，狗能看房子，大象能做一些重活。我们还能教动物在工厂里工作。比如说，猿猴在美国被用来生产汽车，科学家相信这些大猴子有一天能收获庄稼，甚至开火车。）3、 在美国，许多男孩和女孩穿同样的衣服，许多人还留长发。因此，总是很难辨别他们是男孩还是女孩。一天，一位老人在华盛顿的公园里散步，他有点累，于是，坐在一根长凳上。一个年轻人站在水池的另一边。“对不起，”老人对坐在旁边的人问道，“你看到那个穿红色裤子，留长发的人了吗?他是男孩还是女孩?”“一个女孩，”他旁边的人说。“她是我女儿。”“哦！”老人很快说，“对不起，我不知道你是她母亲。”“我不是，”旁边的人说，“我是她父亲。”：论述题 根据下面的要求进行英语写作（注意：两部分应一起做完再提交，分开提交不予计分；鼓励独立完成，抄袭将被判0分）1、用英语简单描述当前中学生上网的情况以及对他们学习的促进作用或影响。（4分，50词以上）2、人们对于中学生是否应该上网有不同的看法。支持的人认为上网能够帮助他们获取信息，阅读各种书籍，欣赏音乐，丰富他们的课余生活。反对的人认为上网容易上瘾，浪费时间与经历，还容易引发其他一些社会问题。请根据以上观点，写一篇Should Middle School Students Use the Net?的文章。（6分，80词以上）1.Most teenagers like surfing the internet. They spend at least five hours on the internet every week. Every coin has its two sides. Spending too much time on the internet has its advantage and disadvantage. Firstly, its good for their study if the students search the information about their study. Whats more they can downloas music to relax after they are tired. Secondly, its bad for their study and health if they spend too much time on the internet. Many students spend too much time playing computer games or chatting on line. They cant concentrate on their study and they often feel tired in class. So if the students can use the internet properly, it will good to surf the internet.children may be affected by the impact of the Internet, but this effect is not isolated with the childs physical and mental development, self-awareness and feelings on the environment have a very close relationship, parents should know how to discover the child in life , learning, communication obstacles encountered, to help children succeed in life and happiness, to establish equality of family culture, which largely avoid the negative impact of the Internet. 家长不要只关心孩子上不上网，而是应该全面地关心孩子的成长发展过程。 Parents not only do not care about their children online, but should be fully concerned about the childs growth and development process. 这才是根子上的问题。 This is the root of the problem. 家长关注、指导孩子使用网络，是保证孩子安全的最有效的方法，也能使孩子从互联网上更多的受益。 Parents concerned about guidance to childrens use of the network is to ensure the safety of children the most effective way, also makes a child more benefit from the Internet.钢筋混凝土结构基本原理 单选题普通房屋和构筑物结构设计使用年限是 （50年）。结构在规定的时间内，在规定的条件下完成预定功能的能力，称为结构的 (可靠性)。结构在正常使用荷载作用下，具有良好的工作性能，称为结构的 (适用性)。混凝土材料的强度标准值与强度设计值二者关系为 (标准值大)。混凝土规范规定混凝土强度等级应按（立方体抗压）强度标准值确定。轴心受压构件的稳定系数主要与 ( 长细比 )有关。受弯构件斜截面承载力计算公式是以( 剪压破坏 )为依据的。钢筋混凝土受弯构件正截面承载能力极限状态计算时，假定（不考虑拉区混凝土的抗拉强度，全部拉力由钢筋承担）。钢筋混凝土受弯构件，当其配筋率超出一定范围时，受压区混凝土先压酥，受拉钢筋还没有屈服，属脆性破坏，称为（超筋破坏）。截面尺寸和材料强度一定时，钢筋混凝土受弯构件正截面承载力与受拉区纵筋配筋率的关系是 (当配筋率在某一范围内时，配筋率越大，正截面承载力越大 )。单筋截面梁抗弯计算中，必须满足(minmax )大小偏心受压构件破坏的根本区别在于，当截面破坏时 (B：受拉钢筋能否达到钢筋的抗拉强度 )。在大多数情况下，大偏心受拉截面的破坏是从(C：受压区混凝土压碎 )开始的。以下哪种情况是小偏心受拉破坏。 (D：纵向拉力N作用在钢筋As合力点与As合力点之间 )小偏心受压构件的承载力主要取决于（C：受压区混凝土 ）。大偏心受压构件的承载力主要取决于（ A：受拉钢筋）。矩形截面偏心受压构件中，属于受拉破坏的形态是(D：偏心矩较大，配筋率 )。 填空题混凝土立方体抗压强度比混凝土柱体抗压强度 (大) 。 钢筋混凝土结构由很多受力构件组合而成，主要受力构件有楼板、 梁 、柱 、墙、基础等。混凝土结构包括素混凝土结构钢筋混凝土结构、预应力混凝土结构和其他形式加筋混凝土结构。 长期荷载作用下，混凝土的应力保持不变，它的应变随着时间的增长而增大的现象称为混凝土的 徐变 。在测定混凝土的立方体抗压强度时，我国通常采用的立方体标准试件的尺寸为 150mmx150mmx150mm 。混凝土在凝结过程中，体积会发生变化。在空气中结硬时，体积要 缩小、膨胀； 钢筋混凝土轴心受压构件，两端约束条件越好，则稳定性系数 越大 钢筋混凝土轴心受压构件，稳定性系数 是考虑了 附加弯矩的影响 。 短柱、长柱和细长柱中， 短柱和长柱 的破坏属于材料破坏。 按柱长细比的不同，钢筋混凝土偏心受压柱可以分为 长柱、短柱 和细长柱三种。 长柱轴心受压时的承载力 小于 具有相同材料，截面尺寸及配筋的短柱轴心受压时的承载力。 钢筋混凝土受压构件中，配置箍筋的作用是: 防止纵向钢筋的压屈 和保证其位置正确，形成钢筋骨架，便于施工。 钢筋混凝土轴心受压柱根据箍筋配置方式和受力特点可分为普通钢箍柱和螺旋钢箍柱两种。 钢筋混凝土轴心受压柱的稳定系数为 长柱 承载力与 短柱 承载力的比值。 轴心受拉构件的受拉承载力公式为 NfyAs或Nu=fyAs 。 当混凝土开裂后，截面上混凝土与钢筋之间应力的调整，称为截面上的 应力重分布 当构件上作用轴向拉力，且拉力作用于构件截面的形心时，称为 轴心受拉 构件。 双筋矩形截面梁，正截面承载力计算公式的第二个适用条件的物理意义是保证受压钢筋应力达到规定的抗压设计强度。轴心受压短柱，在钢筋屈服前，随着压力的增加，混凝土压应力的增长速率比钢筋 慢 。 混凝土梁的常见截面有 矩形梁、T形梁、工字形梁、双T形梁和箱型梁纵向受拉钢筋的配筋率公式为 =As/bh0 。一个配筋适中的混凝土梁从加载到破坏经历了弹性阶段 带裂缝工作阶段 破坏阶段三个受力阶段受弯构件截面上通常有弯矩和剪力共同作用而 轴力 可以忽略不计的构件。受弯构件斜截面有三种破坏形态： 斜压破坏、 剪压破坏 和斜拉破坏。 影响受弯构件斜截面破坏形态的主要因素有： 剪跨比、配箍率偏心受拉构件，当轴向力N作用在钢筋 和 之间时，为 小偏心 受拉；当轴向力N作用在钢筋和之外时，为大偏心受拉。大偏心受压破坏的破坏有预兆，属延性破坏，小偏心受压破坏在破坏前，变形和裂缝均不明显，属脆性破坏。偏心受压构件正截面破坏形态有大偏心（受拉）受压破坏和小偏心（受压）受压破坏两种。 偏心受压构件中，当 时，属于 大 偏心受压构件。 对弯剪扭构件配筋，我国规范规定，构件纵筋截面面积由受弯承载力和受扭承载力所需的箍筋截面面积相叠加。 轴力较大时，当轴向压应力/fc0.65 时，构件呈剪压脆性破坏只有在 剪力 很小的情况下才可对构件进行纯扭分析。 轴拉力较大时，构件常发生斜拉破坏，抗剪强度很低；轴拉力较小时多为剪压破坏，抗剪强度降低较小。 有腹筋梁的破坏形态除了与剪跨比、混凝土强度以及纵筋配筋率等有关外，还与配筋率有关。 参考答案： 无腹筋梁斜截面的抗剪承载力受到 剪垮比 混凝土强度 纵筋配筋率 荷载形式加载方式、结构类型以及截面形状等。 在纯扭构件承载力计算中，纵筋和箍筋的配筋强度比，是纵筋与箍筋的 强度比和体积比的乘积 。腹筋、 纵向钢筋 和架立钢筋构成钢筋骨架根据试验资料，规范取混凝土开裂扭矩的计算公式为 0.7ft*b26(3h-b) 。受扭构件的破坏形态随配筋率的不同有四种类型：适筋破坏、少筋破坏、部分超筋破坏和超筋破坏。 在有腹筋梁的受剪承载力计算中，截面限制条件是为了防止斜压和斜拉 破坏。 当发生粘结破坏时，一般将引起混凝土沿钢筋劈裂。劈裂可能发生在竖直平面内，也可能发生在水平平面内。 简述影响混凝土与钢筋粘结强度的因素：混凝土强度及组成、浇注位置和质量、钢筋的外形特征、保护层厚度和钢筋的净距预应力混凝土施工工艺