动词时态语态虚拟语气主谓一致.ppt

动词时态 do does did will shalldo would should am is aredoing was weredoing will shallbedoing would shouldbedoing have hasdone haddone will shallhavedone would shouldhavedone have hasbeendoing havebeendoing will shallhavebeendoing would shouldhavebeendoing 一般将来时的用法will shall 动词原形begoingto 不定式 表示打算准备要做的事或肯定要发生的事 Eg Howareyougoingtospendyourholiday beaboutto 不定式 表示即将发生的动作 beto 不定式 表示计划中的义务要做的事 含有 不得不 强制意义 Eg ThepresidentofAmericaistovisitChinanextmonth 5 come go leave start arrive fly等动词后 用现在进行时表示将来 6 在短语makesure see to it besure后接从句 用一般现在时表将来 eg Mymother leave forBeijingtomorrow eg Makesureallthewindows close beforeyouleave eg Seetoitthatthedoor fasten beforeyougotobed 2 现在进行时的用法现在进行时与always continually constantly forever等频度副词连用 表示赞叹 厌烦等感情色彩 eg They forever quarrel aboutsomething 3 现在 过去完成时的用法 1 在 It Thisisthebest worst mostinteresting 名词 that 中 从句用现在完成时 2 在 It Thisisthefirst lasttimethat 中 从句用现在完成时 3 在 Itwasthefirsttimethatsb haddone 中 主句一般过去时 that引导的从句用过去完成时 4 hope wish expect think intend mean intend suppose等的过去完成时的含义指 过去没有实现的愿望 计划 含失望的感情色彩 Eg ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatI read We hope thatyouwouldbeabletovisitus butyoudidnot Itwasthefirsttimethatwe travel together She think ofpayingusavisit butwaspreventedfromdoingso 5 用在 nosooner than 和 hardly scarcely when 一 就 中 从句用一般过去时 nosooner hardly scarcely放句首 要倒装eg Wehadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain Wehadhardlyreachedhomewhenitbegantorain 他一进办公室 电话就响了 倒装 Hardlyhadheenteredtheofficewhenthephonerang 4 现在完成进行时的用法结构 have hasbeendoing 表示现在以前一直在进行的动作 如 Ihavewrittenaletter Ihavebeenwritingaletter 已写完 还在写 注意 短暂动词 finish marry getup come go等 不能用这种时态 Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth Sheappears everything A totellB tobetoldC tobetellingD tohavebeentoldThenewsuspensionbridge bytheendoflastmonth A hasbeendesignedB hadbeendesignedC wasdesignedD wouldbedesigned3 Booksofthiskind well A sellB sellsC aresoldD issold D B A Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego A ourholidaywillbebetterB ourholidaywillbethebetterC thebetterourholidaywillbeD thebetterwillourholidaybe5 Howareyoutoday Oh I asillasIdonowforaverylongtime A didn tfeelB wasn tfeelingC don tfeelD haven tfelt C D IthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport buthe it A doesn tmentionB hadn tmentionedC didn tmentionD hasn tmentioned7 Insuchdryweather theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey A hadsurvivedB aretosurviveC wouldsurviveD willsurvive C B 动词语态 am is areasked am is arebeingasked have beenasked was wereasked was werebeingasked hadbeenasked shall willbeasked shall willhavebeenasked should wouldbeasked should wouldhavebeenasked 1 say believe report announce suppose know consider hope等以it作形式主语时用被动语态 后接that从句 如 据说我们足球队赢得了比赛 Itissaidthatourfootballteamhaswonthegame Ourfootballteamissaidtohavewonthegame 不及物动词 包括不及物动词用的短语动词 如takeplace appear happen occur belongto return breakout rise consistof不用被动 所有的联系动词 如 taste look sound prove taste wear不用被动语态这菜尝起来可口 Thedishtastesdelicious 3 用非谓语的主动表示被动 1 want need require deserve后用动名词的主动形式 如 学生们需要照料 Thestudentneeds wants requireslookingafter 2 形容词worth后用动名词主动表示被动 如 Thebookiswellworthreading Makesurethatyou allthewindowswhenyouleavethehome A shutB willshutC haveshutD wouldshutEdison questions madehisteacherveryangry A alwaysasked thatB wasalwaysasking whichC alwaysasks whichD hadalwaysasked thatThereportersaidthattheUFO easttowestwhenhesawit A wastotravelB hadbeentravelingC wastravelingD traveled A B C 3 不定式在形容词 difficult easy hard comfortable pleasant fit unfit light heavy good safe dangerous 后作状语 与主语或宾语构成动宾关系 用主动 这是因为形容词后省略了forsb 如 Thebookisdifficult forme tounderstand Heiseasy forpeople togetalongwith Shefoundthemathsproblemeasytoworkout 4 不定式作名词的后置定语 与被修饰词构成动宾关系 与主语构成主谓关系 用主动表示被动 如 Hehasalotofworktodothisevening I llgivehimsomethingtoread 5 在therebe中修饰主语的不定式用主动或被动都可 如 Therearemanythingstodo tobedone 4 不及物动词后和副词well easily连用时 如clean cook burn draw play read sell wash write等 用主动表示被动 如 这布很经洗 很畅销 Theclothswashes sellswell 这首诗读起来很流畅 Thispoemreadssmoothly 5 不及物动词act keep lock move open shut和can t won t连用时 用主动形式 如 这戏不会上演 Theplaywon tact 天气暖了 鱼就存放不久 Inwarmweathermeatandfishwon tkeeplong 6 作表语的形容词后 用不定式的主动 这鱼不能食用 Thefishisnotfittoeat 虚拟语气 1 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 动词过去式 be用were would should 动原 动词过去完成式 would should havedone 动词过去式 wereto 动原 should 动原 would should 动原 eg IfI be you Iwouldaskourteacherforhelp IfI have enoughmoneytomorrow I buy acopyof HarryPotter IfI nottake thewrongbus I notmiss thecontest 1 混合时间的条件句eg 假如我以前学过法语 现在就能为我们的法国朋友翻译 IfIhadlearnedFrench IwouldbeabletointerpretforourFrenchfriends 2 含蓄条件句eg Withoutwater we die hadbeen woulddie 3 无主句的条件句eg IfonlyI be morecareful 2 虚拟语气用于宾语从句 should 动原表示建议 suggest propose recommend advise表示主张 insist maintain hold 主张 urge 呼吁 表示要求 ask request require demand desire表示命令 order commandeg Thedoctororderedthatshe stay inbedforafewdays 3 作advice idea order demand plan proposal suggestion request的表语从句 同位语从句 should 动原Eg Myideaisthathe doexercisesfirst 4 虚拟语气用于主语从句Itisnecessary important natural desirable advisable strangethatwe should cleantheroomeveryday Itwillbedesired suggested decided ordered requested recommended proposedthatI should finishmyhomeworkthisafternoon 5 虚拟语气用于wish ifonly asif though等句中 过去式 be用were 过去完成式 would could might 原形 1 IfonlyI be abird 2 Iwishit be springallyearsaround 3 IwishI arrive twohoursearlier 4 Itlooksasifit rain 5 Theytalkedasifthey be friendsyearsbefore 6 IfonlyI take hisadvice were were hadarrived couldrain hadbeen hadtaken 6 虚拟语气在wouldrather后接从句 从句用过去完成时指过去从句用过去时指现在 将来 1 Iwouldrathershe notdo thatjustnow 2 Iwouldratheryou pay menow 3 Iwouldratheryou paint thewallgreennexttime would可看作表愿望的实义动词 han tdone paid painted 6 以inorderthat sothat引起的从句 Theprofessorspokeslowlyinorderthatthelistenerscouldhearhimclearly 7 以Itis high time引起的从句 eg Itistimewestopped shouldstopthispractice 主谓一致 1 根据意义一致的原则 加减乘除运算多用单数 Twentydividedbyfour five Fivetimesseven thirty five 2 Manya 名词 或 morethanone 名词 意义虽复数 但根据语法一致的原则 Manyaman do hisduty Morethanonegame lose hasdone waslost 1 就近原则 由or either or neither nor notonly butalso连接Mr WangorI be totakethejob EitherMaryorherclassmates be wrong NotonlyWangLibutalsohisgirlfriend scold bytheteacher 注意 here there引导的句子 如有并列主语 谓语动词也按就近原则 Here be astampandanenvelopeforyou There be twopencils apen arulerandarubberi