高三英语最后一课.doc

古邳中学2015届高三文科和艺体班 高考英语最后一课一、听力具体特征、听力测试是考查学生理解口头语言能力的测试。因此，它的结构不像书面语言那么严谨，句子短，重复率高，冗余信息多。听力测试的材料比阅读材料要容易，基本上没有超纲的词语（但常会出现一些陌生的人名或地名）。、大多数听力材料来源于英语国家的生活会话，题材广泛，涉及英语国家日常生活的许多方面，有明显的口语特征，听起来自然真实。、对话或独白都通过具体语言内容表明一个特定的语境。理解语境是把握所听内容的关键，是理解材料内容的前提。 4、语速一般为150170wpm。 二、考前指导、沉着冷静，精力集中，要有良好的心理素质。心情放松，充满自信。不要因为前一题没有听懂而影响情绪，也不要因为某个词没有听懂而苦思冥想，从而影响下面的内容。做题时要果断而决不能犹豫不决，以致造成一步跟不上步步跟不上的恶果。、听前预读，有的放矢。考生拿到试卷后利用听之前的时间及题与题之间的间隙时间，快速抢读问题和选项，带着问题有目的的听录音能提高准确率。、随听随记，无把握就猜。善于运用自己所获得的信息，根据读音或着上下文进行快速的判断和猜测，进行优化处理。、抓住要点，细辨信息。不管是对话还是独白，注意力一定要集中在整体内容的理解上，切不可只停留在个别单词或单句上，听不清马上放弃，不能强迫自己听清每一个单词，要把重点放在听关键词以及与问题有关的内容上。幻灯片3三、高考热点突破、地点与时间提问方式： Where does the conversation take place? Where is the conversation most likely taking place? Where is the man woman now? Where are the two speakers? When will the visitors come? When will the man probably get to Beijing? When and where do they agree to meet finally?幻灯片4解题指导：涉及地点的对话可分为三类：对话双方在同一地点对话双方要去不同的地方对话双方的一方去了多个地方。通常涉及地点：1、At hospital：examine、headache、cold and flu、pill、 blood 、 pressure2、In the post office：mail、post、stamp、envelope、package、airmail3、At hotel：book a room、a single/double room4、At restaurant：menu、order、bill、beer、wine5、In the library：book、magazine6、In the bank：cash、check7、At the airport：flight、take off8、At a shop：size、color、style、supermarket、discount、chain store9、In a house：family、parents、kid、relative、housework、wife、husband幻灯片5做时间题时的解题指导：首先要明确时间的几种表达方式：hour、minute、week、month、year、century、am、pm、half past six、a quarter to ten、nine twenty、after、before、early、late、delay当涉及的时间有多个时，一定弄清楚谁在什么时候做了什么，弄清楚时间的先后顺序，有时候时间也涉及简单的计算。做题时首先浏览问题与选项，看题目要求通过动作或事件判断时间，还是通过时间选定动作或事件，这样正确率会很高。幻灯片62、判断人物身份、职业和关系 提问方式： What does the womanman do ? Whats the womansmans job? What is the manwoman? Whats the most probable relationship between the two speakers? Who are the two speakers? 解题常见的人物关系有： Doctorpatient waiter/waitresscustomer secretaryboss shop assistantcustomer driverpoliceman teacherstudent salesmancustomer husbandwife receptionisttourist lawyerclient通常，在这几组人物关系中，我们会听到以下词或者词组、doctor and patient：trouble、check、pain、sore、fever、heart、stomach、lungs、blood test、prescription、light diet、when did it start、open your mouth、husband and wife：dear、darling、sweetheart、my love、cook、picnic、TV、dinner、shop assistant and customer：size、color、try on、price、discount、Can I help you？What size do you wear？Is that cash or charge？ 在听人物之间关系的题目时，说话人之间的语气尤其重要，如果是上司跟下属之间的关系，语气一般较强硬，有命令的意味；而如果是夫妻之间，则语气较为甜蜜，随意；朋友之间较亲切；服务员对顾客一般较尊敬。总之揣摩语气与做题能否成功也有很大的关系。幻灯片83.数字判断和简单计算提问方式： When did the plane take off?When will the train arrive?What time is it now?How long did the meeting last?Whats the price of the car?How much per pound are the oranges?How much did the man spend on the tickets?How much does the woman have to pay for the dress?解题指导：涉及数字计算，无论是哪种计算，其特点是计算都较简单，一般不会超出口算和心算的范围。在做题的过程当中：1最好做简要的笔记，依笔记去区分或计算，计算速度很关键。2这类题的特点是学生听到什么就选什么往往会错。3-teen结尾的数词与以-ty结尾的数词容易混，要正确分辨。4以-th结尾的序数词容易与其对应的基数词相混。我们可以根据语言知识判断，一般在日期，周年楼层的层后用序数词；而价格，房号，时间等用基数词。4、逻辑推理提问方式： What does he/she mean?What does the man/woman imply?What is the most probable result of the conversation?What can we learn from what the speaker said?What can we infer (conclude) from the conversation? 解题指导：该类试题多为一个说话人提出问题，发出邀请或者表明观点等，另一个不做正面回答，而是说一些与表面上毫不相关的话，或用反问做答，或重复对方话语的一部分，通过语气，语调表明自己的态度。我们必须要听懂说话者的弦外之音，做出正确判断。1捕捉“弦外之音“，如降调表示赞同肯定；升调表示疑问否定。2侧重but/however/though等词后的信息，这些词后往往表转折。3注意一些语法结构的运用，如虚拟语气表示与事实相反；否定比较级结构表示最高级；定语从句对人和事进一步修饰。 5、理解主旨要义提问方式What are the two speakers talking aboutdiscussing?What happened to the man woman ?What did the manwoman do ?What are the speakers doing ?What has the woman done ?解题指导：这类题主要问的是该对话谈论的主题是什么。特点是对话双方都在谈一个内容。要求学生注意对话的完整性，在答题时把双方的内容联系起来考虑，概括出对话的要点。 6、原因和结果提问方式： Why is she lateangrydisappointed?Why didntcouldnt he she go to the theatre?What is the reason for her leaving for New York? 解题指导：涉及因果关系的对话主要有两种情况：先结果，后原因；先原因，后结果。一般说来，涉及因果关系的题目的重点在原因上，因此要特别注意对话中后者的答语。做此类题目：1熟练掌握表示因果关系的词或者词组：because、since、so、as、because of、as a result of、cause、occur from、due to、owing to、on account of、now that、so that等。2通过问题和选项预测，在听的过程式中注意表示因果关系表达法、习惯用语、虚拟语气、分词以及时态和语态。 7、建议、行为与计划提问方式： What does the manwoman suggest the manwoman do?What does the manwoman mean? 解题指导: 涉及建议、行动与计划的对话大致可分为三类：1、对话涉及一方行动。2、对话涉及双方行动。3、对话涉及他人行动。特点：信息量多，不须推理，只须听清记准对话内容。若题目涉及一方，则要记清行为相对应的时间和先后顺序；若题目涉及双方，则要听清记准谁干了什么或要干什么。 8、深层语篇理解本考点要求考生具备以下能力： 理解说话人的意图、态度或观点理解说话人做某件事的真正原因理解否定词、反问句中隐含在字里行间的言外之意提问方式：What does the man/woman think of?How does the man/woman feel about? 解题指导:听这类题目要注意： 1、首先要注意两个人的态度是否相同，如果不同，要分清各人的态度，因为这时问题往往问的是其中一人的态度或看法，不要混淆。 2、说话人态度没有明确表达，而是比较含蓄，通过语气、语调变化来体现。 3、注意对话中含委婉拒绝、含蓄反对或间接批评，其中否定意义是暗指而非明指，即”no”之类否定词常不出现。l TIPS ON MULTIPLE CHOICEl 仔细看题干, 不要只读带空格的那一句. 要瞻前顾后, 上挂下连, 首尾呼应.l 含两个空的题, 先确定有把握的那一个.l 不好判断题可采用排除法.l 单选的重点在动词, 应当特别注意时态,情态动词, 非谓语动词的使用及短语动词的辨析.l 题目是疑问句, 可先变为陈述句, 被动的先变为主动, 省略的先还原成完整结构, 均有利于判断.不可在此恋战, 10分钟内务必完成. 一、增强语境意识，提高分析语境的能力：语境题包含语境信息。题干中的语境信息常是单词、短语或句子，有时甚至是一个标点符号 。准确把握语境信息可以成功地解答单选题。 如： 1. - I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. - Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left 2. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider _DB - 3. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having toldA_ 4. Would you tell me_ you want your coffee, with sugar or milk? - Sugar, please. A. whether B. when C. what D. howD- 二.参考命题意图，排除各种干扰 高考的选拨性决定了单项填空题不会让所有的人顺利过关，命题人通常从以下角度设计干扰信息：（一）、句型的转换引起的干扰： 对策：运用还原法,再现真面目 主要用来解决一些非正常语序的题目，如被动句、疑问句、感叹句、倒装句、省略句等，我们可以先将其复原为陈述语序再来做题 1. Every minute is made full _ of _our lessons. A. use; study B. useful; to study C. use; to study D. used; studying C_还原为：We should make full _ of every minute _our lessons 4. It was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home Arepair Brepairing Cto repair Din repair B 还原为：The old man spent the whole morning _ the old clock at home （二） 、插入语干扰 这类题主要是利用插入语，增加句子的复杂 程度，从而达到干扰考生视线的目的。 对策： 去掉插入语Bl He believes in himself，_ ，in my opinion，is of the most importancel Athat Bwhich Cwhat Das ( ) at the meetings，_ famous for those works Ais Bare Cam Dwere . He will tell you _ he expects will win such a match Awhy Bwhom Cwhich Dwho (A)D( ) 2. The writer and professor，whom I often refer to （三）、标点符号干扰 标点符号在英语句式中的配合作用是不容忽视的，从英语的句型结构这一角度来看，它甚至是起着决定性的作用它决定着句子的单复形式，决定着选词造句等其他诸多问题。 对策：掌握英语中逗号的作用、常见句子结构及并列连词 B 1. Tom，_ sure to come tomorrow A is Bbe Cwas D would be 2.All the money_, John had to start looking for a job. A.was cost B. had cost C. having been spent D. having spent 3 _，I had to walk home A .There was no bus BThere being no bus CThere were no buses D.There was not a bus CB （四）、省略句干扰对策：补充省略成分，确定正确选择 1.-What made you so happy ? -_. A. Because of my passing the exam. B. I passed the exam. C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam. 2. She is looking so forward as much to his return as he himself to _ her. A.have seen B. seeing C. see D. having seen D(made me so happy)B（改） She is looking so forward as much to his return as he himself(is looking forward) to _ her. 3. Tom is better at physics than Jack, but not _ at chemistry. A.good B.better C. as good D. too good 4. -I cant find Mr. Morris. Where did you meet him yesterday ? -It was in the hotel _ he stayed. A. where B. whichC. that D. the oneC 改：Tom is better at physics than Jack, but not _ （as ）at chemistry.A (that I meet him yesterday) (五)排除母语或文化差异的干扰对策: 了解西方文化背景,风俗和思维习惯 l -Id like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.l - _.l A.Oh, no. Lets not. B. Id rather stay at homel C. Im very sorry, but I have other plansl D. Oh, no. Thatll be too much trouble.C接受邀请时用yes, I d love/like to 或yes, Id like that. 或yes, its very kind/nice of you; 在表示拒绝时, 一般用Im sorry, but / Im afraid, but/ Id like/ love to , butl - Its getting late. Im afraid I must l be going now. l - OK. _. l A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. So long D 3. - Waiter! - _ - I cant eat this. Its too salty. A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right? D. Pardon?A (六）、思维定势干拢 所谓定势思维，就是习惯性地遵循某一单一模式进行的思维,也就是从原有的知识经验出发，机械地套用老方法，按某种固定的思路去思考问题，轻而易举地得出 “正确答案”，结果错了。 对策：运用固定词组. 句子结构. 语法分析法 2. Dont let the child who is _ go to school. A. so young as to B. not old enough to C. too young to D. not old enough 3.They insisted that the cruel woman _ thrown into prison. A. refers to B. referred to be C. referred to beingD. refers to be 6. He