小学英语 数词.doc

小学英语讲义 数词数词数词:表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。1、 基数词基数词：表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。最基本的数词如下1one, 2two, 3three, 4four, 5five, 6six, 7seven, 8eight, 9nine,10ten,11eleven,12twelve,13thirteen,14fourteen,15fifteen,16sixteen,17seventeen,18eighteen,19nineteen,20twenty,30thirty,40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety, 100a hundred, 1,000 a thousand, 1,000,000 a million, 1,000,000,000 a billion.基数词1-12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。基数词13-19是个位数词的词干后加-teen构成。其中thirteen,fifteen,eighteen变化不规则。基数词2090是在十位数词后面加-ty构成。基数词2199是在十位数词后面加上个位数词合成,中间加上连字符“”。例如:21 twenty-one 95 ninety-five基数词三位以上的数词在百位和十位之间,一般要用连词“and”。例如：132 one hundred and thirty-two.1340 one thousand three hundred and forty表示“万”的词英语中没有。如1万可用10千来表示：ten thousand。 30万可用three hundred thousand来表示。基数词的用法:基数词在句中可用作主语，宾语，表语等。Four of them went to the factory.他们四个人去了工厂。(主语)I want two.我要两个。（宾语）There are thirty classrooms in our school.我们学校有三十个教室。My classmate is eighteen.我的同学十八岁。从事物内容上分析，基数词用在下列情况。（1）基数词可以表示物体的数量。如：three boo k s 三本书 five bo x es五个盒子t wo cups of tea两杯茶 ten pieces o f b r ea d十片面包（2） 基数词可以表示钟点。如：8：00读为eight oclock 6:10读为six ten5: 01 读为one past five*10分钟以内的时间，可以这样说“钟点数+o（英文字母o的发音）+分钟”。例如：6: 0 5 six o five(3)基数词可表示年龄。如：How old is Tom? He is ten（years old）.How old are they? They are nine（years old）.How old is your sister? She is eleven（years old）.（4） 基数词还可表示在几年级几班。 英语中表达在几年级几班时通常班级在前，年级在后，班级和年级间要用逗号隔开。例如：Im in Class 2, Grade 4.我在四年级二班。注意：Class和Grade后的数字既可以用阿拉伯数字，也可以用英语中的基数词表示，但基数词和名词的首字母要大写。例如：Class 4 = Class FourGrade 3 = Grade Three（5） 基数词还可用于算式中。如：one + nine = tentwelve - seven = fivethree three = nineeight two = four（6）基数词用于分数.构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数：1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three thirty-sevenths.例题分析1. one, three, _ , sevenA. two B. five C. six答案：B思路分析：每个数字间相差2。2. Im in _.A. Grade 3, Class 2 B. Class 3, grade 2 C. Class Three, Grade Two答案：C思路分析：Class和Grade后的数字既可以用阿拉伯数字，也可以用英语中的基数词，但基数词和各词的首字母应大写。3. Its five _.A. oclock B. clock C. o clock答案：A思路分析：基数词可以表示钟点。整点后要加oclock.4. The English for 10,440 is_.A. ten thousand, four hundreds and forty B. ten thousand, four hundred and fortyC. ten thousands, four hundred and forty D. ten thousand and four hundred, forty本题在于掌握千以上数字的读法，在千、百前面有数字，不加复数；百位、十位中间加and ，每三位为一组，再加相应的单位即可，故选B5. - Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?- Yes, it is_.A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 85006 D. 85000千以上的数字，从后往前三个数为一个单位，即从85之后顺次写出三个数即可，即626，连在一起即为85626。故选B.6. The road is over _ meters long.A. six hundred and fifty-two B. six hundreds and fifty twoC. six hundred, fifty two D. six hundred, fifty and two百、千、百万等词与数字连用不用复数，因此不加s。其次表示百位数时要在百位和十位之间（无十位，则在百位和个位之间）加and ，再次在个位与十位之间要有连字符“-”，故本题选A相应练习1、-How many teachers are there in your school?- _, but Im not sure.A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred2、What time is it? Its oclock. A.two B.second C.twos D.two of3. About _ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese.A. fouth-fifths B. fourfifthC. fourfifths D. fourths-fifth二、序数词序数词：表示数目顺序的词用序数词。例如: first第一，fifth第五序数词的构成199的基本的序数词。first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五sixth第六seventh第七eighth第八ninth第九tenth第十eleventh第十一twelft第十二thirteenth第十三nineteenth第十九twentieth第二十fortieth第四十fifty-first第五十一eight-third第八十三ninety-fourth第九十四。2)十位整数的序数词的构成方法是,是将十位整数基数词的词尾y变成i再加-eth。3)几十几的序数词，只是把个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。为了更简单地记忆，你只要记住下面这个基数词变序数词口诀就可以了：，ve变f，y变成tie，th最后加上去。序数词的用法1）序数词主要用作定语，表语。前面要加定冠词the。The first question Id ask is how you knew him?我的第一个问题是你怎样认识他的?The fifth lesson is very easy to learn.第五课很好学。You are the first one I believe.你是我最相信的人。The fist round of voting hasnt finished.第一轮投票还没有结2） 某月的几号用序数词表示如7月1日=July I (July Ist)1996年6月3日=June 3, 1996=June the third, nineteen ninety-six相应练习1、 写出下列基数词的序数词。1_ 5_ 9_ 51_ 20_ 二、选择。1. I think that the _ century (世纪) will bring us more hopes.A. twenty-one B. twentieth-firstC. twenty-first D. twentieth-one2. There are _ days in a week.A. the seven B. seventhC. the seventh D. seven基数词变序数词的口诀英语中基数词变为序数词时，一般在基数词后加词尾-th，但有几个词变化特殊，只要记住下面这个口诀，这些问题即可迎刃而解。 一、二、三，单独记；八去t，九除e，五、十二中f变ve，再加词尾-th；整十基数变序数，先把y尾改ie；要是遇到两位数，十位基数个位序。解析口诀：onefirst， twosecond， threethird这三个词变化特殊，要单独记；eighteighth， nineninth， 八去t，九去e后再加-th； fivefifth， twelvetwelfth，五、十二把ve换成f再加-th；twentytwentieth， thirtythirtieth. 整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，如：twenty-first。课后练习1、 写出下列基数词和序数词。1_ _ 2_ _ 3_ _ 5_ _ 20_ _ 71_ _ 2、 选择题。 1. My grandmother is_ old. A. seventieth B. seventy year C. seventy years D. seventies 2._people visit this museum every day. A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. hundred of D. Hundreds of 3. There are two _people in the meeting room. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of 4. We can say the number 78,645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five 5. Monday is the second day, and_. A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is fifth C. the second