语法专项复习九.doc

语法专项复习九：动词不定式I. 不定式构成: 由to动词原形构成。在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质，本身可以带宾语和状语。II. 动词不定式的时态、语态 时态语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式主动形式（not) to do（not) to be doing（not) to have done（not) to have been doing被动形式（not) to be done/( not) to have been done/(1)语态 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如： Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party. It was impossible for lost time to be made up. 在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) (2)时态1) 一般式：表示的动作或状态与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.我希望再见到你。2) 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.3) 进行式： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.4) 完成进行式： She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. III. 疑问词不定式结构 疑问词接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如： When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语）Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做宾语）The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表语）IV. 动词不定式的语法功能 动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。一、作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Its our duty to take good care of the old. How long did it take you to finish the work? Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。二、作宾语1) 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语 afford，agree，aim, arrange，ask，attempt， choose，claim，decide，demand，determine，expect，fail，help，hesitate，hope， manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，prove，refuse，swear，tend，threaten，undertake，volunteer，want，wish举例：The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语动 词it补语to do句式。如： We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. 三、作补语： 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。We didnt expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。四、作表语 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 五、作状语 1）目的状语He ran fast in order to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。2）作结果状语,要放在句子后面。to, so as to, tooto, enough toHe searched the room only to find nothing.3)表原因 Im glad to see you.六、作定语 The next train to arrive is from Washington. Do you have anything to be taken to your sister? Do you have anything to say on the question? Would you please give me some paper to write on? My wish to visit France has come true at last. V. 省to 的动词不定式1） 使役动词 let, have, make：感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, feel, 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。2）would rather，had better，might(just) as well：prefer to dorather than do3） Why / why not：4） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：5） but和except前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。6）当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and，but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时，则不能省略。He wants to move to France and marry the girl.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.7）不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。Weve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.动词不定式专项练习（一）巩固练习1. This school was the first _ textbooks as well as reading materials.A. publishingB. to publishC. having publishedD. published2. - Is Bob still working in your school? - Im afraid not. He is said _ and _ in a private school recently.A. to resign; to teachB. to have resigned; teachingC. having resigned; to be teachingD. to have resigned; to be teaching3. You were silly not _ your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked4. Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem _all the time.A. to get worseB. to be getting worseC. to have got worseD. getting worse5. His sister is said _ in the supermarket when she was doing shopping there yesterday.A. to be badly treatedB. badly treatingC. being badly treatedD. to have been badly treated6. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.A. Having madeB. MakeC. To makeD. Making7. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _.A. to makeB. to be madeC. makingD. being made8. It remains _ whether Jimll be fit enough to play in the finals.A. seenB. to be seenC. seeingD. to see9. Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _.A. blamedB. blamingC. to blameD. to be blamed10. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works.A. working; stoppingB. to work; stoppingC. working; to stopD. to work; to stop11. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told12. There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuadedD. to persuade13. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed14. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked upB. picks upC. pick upD. picking up15. Something as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.A. to drinkB. drinkingC. to be drinkingD. drunk（二）高考聚焦 16. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _ reduce unemployed pressure.A. helpB. to have helpedC. to helpD. having helped17. We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding18. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _.A. reusingB. reusedC. reuseD. to be reused19. David threatened _ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.A. to be reportedB. reportingC. to reportD. having reported20. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way.A. presentingB. presentedC. being presentedD. to present21. He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussion.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had22. With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.A. dealB. dealtC. to deal D. dealing23. _, the pay isnt attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.A. Generally speakingB. On the contraryC. In particularD. To be honest24._, you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winnerB. To be a winnerC. Be a winnerD. Having been a winner25. I feel greatly honored _ into their society.A. to welcomeB. welcomi