C语言程序设计教程第10章.doc

195结构体、共用体和枚举类型10.1 结构体类型与变量的定义10.1.1 结构体类型的定义struct student long int num; char name10; float score1,score2,score3;struct student student1,student2;图10.1 struct student类型量结构图10.2 数组作为结构体成员10.1.2 结构体类型的嵌套定义struct date int month; int day; int year;struct student long int num; chat name10; char sex; struct date birthday; char addr30; student1,student2;图10.3 结构体的嵌套结构10.1.3 结构体变量的初始化struct student long int num; char name10; char sex; int age; float score; student1=9908001,Li Ming,M,19,87.5;图10.4 初始化后结构体变量各成员的值图10.5 嵌套结构的结构体变量的初始化10.2 结构体类型变量的引用#include #include #define STU struct studentSTU long num; char name10; char sex; int age; float score; ;void main( ) STU student1; printf(num:); scanf(%ld,&student1.num); /*输入student1 的各成员值*/ printf(name:); getchar(); /*滤掉输入student1.num后所加的回车符*/ gets(); printf(sex(M/F):);scanf(%c,&student1.sex); printf(age:); scanf(%d,&student1.age); printf(score:); scanf(%f,&student1.score); /*输出student1的各成员值*/ printf(num: %ldn,student1.num); printf(name: %sn,); printf(sex: %cn,student1.sex); printf(age: %dn,student1.age); printf(score: %fn,student1.score);#include struct date int month; int day; int year;struct student long num; char name10; char sex; struct date birthday; char addr30;void main( ) struct student stud1=990801,Li Ming,M,9,12,1981,HongKong; printf(num: %ldn,stud1.num); printf(name: %sn,); printf(sex: %cn,stud1.sex); printf(birthday:%d/%d/%dn,stud1.birthday.month,stud1.birthday.day, stud1.birthday.year); printf(address:%sn,stud1.addr);10.3 结构体数组struct student long int num; char name10; float score; stus3;struct student long int num; char name10; float score; stus3=990801,Li Ming,92.5, 990802,Lu Yun,89.0, 990803,Yang Hong ,96.5;#define MAX 30#includestruct stuscore long int num; char name10; int score3; int total;void main( ) struct stuscore stuMAX; int i; for (i=0;iMAX;i+) /*输入全班同学的各项信息*/ printf(num:); scanf(%ld,&stui.num); printf(name:); scanf(%s,); printf(Three score:); scanf(%d,%d, %d,&stui.score0,&stui.score1,&stui.score2); stui.total=stui.score0+ stui.score1+ stui.score2; /*输出全班同学成绩表*/ printf(num name score1 score2 score3 totaln); for (i=0;iMAX;i+) printf(%6ld%-10s%7d%8d%8d%8dn,stui.score0,stui.score1, stui.score2, stui.total)； 10.4 指向结构体变量的指针变量#include struct student long int num; char name20; char sex; float score;void main( ) struct student stu1=990801,Li Ming,M,92.5,*p; p=&stu1; printf(No.:%ldnname:%snsex:%cnscore:%fn,stu1.num,, stu1.sex, stu1.score); printf(No.:%ldnname:%snsex:%cnscore:%fn,(*p).num,(*p).name, (*p).sex, (*p).score);#include struct student long int num; char name10; int score;void getdata(struct student *p) printf(num:); scanf(%ld,&p-num); printf(name:); scanf(%s,p-name); printf(score:); scanf(%d,&p-score);void main( ) struct student stu1； getdata(&stu1); printf(num:%ldnname:%snscore:%dn,stu1.num,, stu1.score);#include struct student long int num; char name10; float score; stu3= 990801,Li Ming,92.5, 990802,Lu Yun,89.0, 990803,Yang Hong, 96.5 ;void main( ) struct student *p; printf(No. Name scoren); for (p=stu;pnum,p-name,p-score);图10.6 例10.10的算法#define MAX 30#include struct stuscore long int num; char name10; int score3; int total;/*结构体数组的输入函数*/void stu_in(struct stuscore *stu) struct stuscore *p; for (p=stu;pnum); printf(name); scanf(%s,p-name); printf(threescore:); scanf(%d,%d,%d, &p-score0,&p-score1, &p-score2); p-total=p-score0+p-score1+p-score2; /*对结构体数组按总成绩排序函数*/void stu_sort(struct stuscore *stu) struct stuscore student,*p1,*p2; for (p1=stu;p1stu+MAX-1;p1+) for (p2=p1+1;p2totaltotal) student=*p1; *p1=*p2; *p2=student; /*结构体数组的输出函数*/void stu_out(struct stuscore *stu) struct stuscore *p; printf(num name score1 score2 score3 totaln); for (p=stu;pnum,p-name,p-score0,p-score1, p-score2,p-total );void main( ) struct stuscore stuMAX; stu_in(stu); stu_sort(stu); stu_out(stu);10.5 共 用 体10.5.1 共用体类型的说明和变量定义图10.7 共用体变量的结构图10.5.2 共用体变量的引用#include union change char c2; short a; un;void main( ) un.a=16961; printf(%d,%cn,un.c0,un.c0); printf(%d,%cn,un.c1,un.c1);图10.8 共用体量un的值10.6 枚举类型数据10.6.1 枚举类型的定义 10.6.2 枚举类型变量的声明10.6.3 枚举类型变量的使用 #include stdio.henum weekday Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat ;void main( ) enum weekday workday,week_end; workday=Fri; week_end=Sun; printf(%d,%dn,workday,week_end);#include enum SeasonType Spring=1,Summer,Fall,Winter ;/*表示季节的枚举类型 */void PrintSeason(SeasonType s) /*输出s表示的季节 */ switch(s) case Spring: printf(Spring); break; case Summer: printf(Summer); break; case Fall: printf(Fall); break; case Winter: printf(Winter); break; void main( ) enum SeasonType cur_s,next_s; int s_order; printf(What season is it now?n); printf(t1-Spring 2-Summern); printf(t3-Fall 4-Wintern); printf(Answer:); scanf(%d,&s_order); /*输入季节序号*/ if(s_order4) printf(Wrong answer!n); return; cur_s= (enum SeasonType)s_order; /*将序号转化为枚举类型并赋给cur_s*/ /*下面if语句用于求出下一季节*/ if(cur_s!=Winter) next_s=(enum SeasonType)(int)cur_s+1); else next_s=Spring; printf(It is ); PrintSeason(cur_s); printf( now.n); PrintSeason(next_s); printf( is comming!n);10.7 typedef命令的使用习 题 10struct date int year,month,day;today;printf(%dn,sizeof(struct date);#include struct mon int x; char c;func(struct mon b ) b.x=20; b.c=y;void main( ) struct mon a=5,x; func(a); printf(%d,%cn,a.x,a.c);#include void main( ) struct a int x; int y; b2=1,2,3,4; printf(%d,b1.y-b0.x);#include void main( ) struct student struct int x; int y; m; int a; int b; n; n.a=1;n.b=2; n.m.x=n.a+n.b; n.m.y=n.a-n.b; printf(%d,%d,n.m.x,n.m.y);#include struct stu int x; int *y;*p;int dt=1,2,3,4;struct stu a4=5,&dt0,6,&dt1,7,&dt2,8,&dt3;void main( ) p=a; printf(%d,(+p)-x); printf(%d,+p-x); printf(%dn,+(*p-y);#include struct student /*学生信息结构体类型定义*/ int num; /*学号*/ char name16; /*姓名*/