研究生英语重点1-2-4单元.doc

Unit 1v 1. metaphors of highway and frontiersvv 2. 无边无际的虚拟空间vv 3. capture the popular imaginationvv 4.规范网页和网站vv 5.interprete the nature of cyberspacevv 6. 政客们实施的标准vv 7. sign up for subscriptionvv 8. 限制孩子光临某些网站vv 9.cause conflict in the terrestrial communitiesvv 10.干涉别人的爱好v1. leave behind: 丢弃， 抛弃,遗留，落后，遗忘 In their withdrawal, much of the heavy equipment had to be left behind. 在撤退时，他们不得不把许多重型装备丢弃。The last government has left behind a long train of problems. 上届政府遗留下一大堆问题。 You have to follow closely if you want to avoid being left behind. 你如果不想落在后面，就得紧紧跟随。 Ill leave behind these little details for you to settle. 这些细枝末节我留待你去解决了。 leave aside/alone/out2. preside: vi. 管辖，掌管, 主持preside over /at a meeting 主持会议preside at tea 招待客人吃茶点The general manager presides over the business of this store. 总经理亲自管理这家店的业务。3. evolve: vi. /vt. 发展, 演变，经历逐渐的变化过程The simple idea evolved into a complicated scheme. The complicated scheme evolved from a simple idea. They evolved a new system to run the companyevolution: the evolution of man4, affluent adj. 富裕的,富足的 近义词: abundant, ample, rich, wealthy affluent suburbs with large houses and tree lined streets房子宽敞，街道绿树成荫的的富裕郊区We live in an affluent society. 我们生活在一个富裕的社会中。 affluent n. 支流 近义词: offshoot, anabranch , distributary The river that cuts across the park is an affluent of the Yangtze River. 5. constraint n. 限制，约束， 压抑，抑制; 强制力, 强迫 近义词：restraint She is soon tired of the constraint of military life. 她很快厌倦了军事生活的约束。Financial constraints limited her choice of accommodation. 财力有限使得她不能随意选择住处 。She doesnt like to do things under constraint. 她不喜欢在别人强迫下去做事情。6. (1) prosper 成功，兴旺，发达，繁荣 近义词: boom, thrive, flourish His father was no longer prospering in business. 他父亲的生意不再兴旺发达了。The farm prospered through good management. 由于管理有方，农场兴旺发达。 (2) 健康成长，顺利发展，蓬勃发展 The child seemed to prosper under their care. 在他们的照管下，孩子看来在健康的成长 Are you prospering? 你最近事情都顺利吗?7. (1) wither vt./vi. 枯萎，消失 同义词： shrivel, shrink The cold withered the leaves. 严寒使树叶凋落。 The grapes withered on the vine. 葡萄藤上的葡萄都枯萎了。(2) 黯淡无光，没有生命力 近义词：fadeAll our achievements wither before hers. 我们所有的成绩和她获得的相比都黯然失色。Remove an old tree and it will wither to death. 老树移栽活不了，老人迁居命不长。8. haven n. a shelter serving as a place of safety or sanctuary避难所,庇护所,港湾近义词：refuge , shelterThey have made their home a haven for the homeless orphans. 他们把自己的家变成了无家可归的孤儿们的避难所。The border region used to be a natural haven for criminals. 边境地区曾是罪犯们的天然避难所.haven v. to shelter, protect 庇护You shouldnt haven your child if he has really done something wrong. 如果你的小孩真的做了什么错事的话你就不应该庇护他。9. (1) sanction （正式的）认可、核准，认许 近义词: countenance, endorsement, authorization The book was translated without the sanction of the author.这本书未经作者许可就给翻译了。The minister can only act in this matter with the sanction of President. 部长只有得到总统批准才能就此事采取行动. (2). 制定，制裁，规则Western nations imposed tough sanctions on the country. 西方各国对这个国家实行了严厉制裁。administrative sanction 行政制裁 official sanction 官方的认可；同意10. cater to/for 供应伙食; 迎合的需要,迎合的口味 Who caters at your daughters wedding Serious newspapers do not cater to/for peoples love of scandal. 严肃报纸不去迎合人们对丑闻的爱好 。Our literature and art ought to cater to popular taste. 我们的文艺必须为大众所喜闻乐见。Now auto engineers are catering to buyers. 目前汽车工程师正在想办法迎合买主。11. hanker for 渴望得到，热切希望This wet summer makes him hanker after a holiday in the sun. 潮湿多雨的夏天使他渴望度一个阳光明媚的假期。 Lucy had always hankered after a place of her own. 露西一直都渴望拥有自己的住处。12. at hand 附近, 临近 He lives just close at hand.他就住在附近.I havent my photo album at hand, but Ill show you later.我的照簿不在手边，以后我再拿给你看。Election day is at hand. 大选之日马上就要到来。Unit 21. 房租每月500元，包括水、电、暖气费和有线电视。（inclusive of) The rent is 500 RMB a month, inclusive of water, electricity, heating and cable TV.2. 注脚的解释使这一难句容易明了。(clarify)The explanation in the footnote clarified the difficult sentence.3. 被剥夺了公民权后，爱因斯坦不得不逃出德国。（deprive of) After having been deprived of citizen right, Einstein had to escape from Germany.4. 她的安慰分散了我的注意力，让我暂时忘记了这些烦恼。（distract） Her comfort managed to distract me from these annoyance for a while.5.这是西方价值观对一种已存在几千年的文化的侵袭。 (intrusionon) This is the intrusion of Western values on a culture that has existed for centuries.1. distract vt.分散（注意力等，使分心） 这部影片分散了我的注意力，让我暂时忘记了这些难题。 The film managed to distract me from these problems for a while. distract vt. 弄糊涂，使心神不安，担心He was distracted between two objects. 他被这两件东西所迷惑。Grief distracted him. 悲伤使他精神错乱。2. reassured vt. 安慰，使放心 They need to be reassured by parents and teachers that they are still wanted. 他们需要由家长和教师再三给以保证，使之相信他们不是多余的。 His words reassured me. 听了他的话我释然了。 The police reassured her about the childs safety. 警察让她放心，她的孩子很安全。3. intrusion. (讨厌的事或人的)干扰，侵扰 into/on/upon I resented this intrusion into my domestic affairs. 我讨厌这种对我家事的干扰。 This is the intrusion of Western values on a culture that has existed for centuries. 这是西方价值观对一种已存在几百年的文化的侵袭。 intrude v. (into/on/upon) 闯入，侵入，侵扰，把强加于 A translator shouldnt intrude his own opinions into what hes translating. 译者不应该擅自把自己的意思加进译文中。 He had no wish to intrude on their privacy. 他原本就不想触犯他们私人活动的自由。4. inclusive. adj. 包括的，包含的 Reserve double room, June fourth to tenth inclusive. 预订双人房间，六月四日至十日 an all-inclusive charge 包括一切费用在内的价格 inclusive of 房租每星期50元，包括暖气费和照明费 The rent is 50 RMB a week, inclusive of heating and lighting . The monthly rent is $20 inclusive of everything. 月房租总共二十美元，包括一切费用在内。 5. clarify vt. 讲清楚，阐明 近义词：clear up, elucidate The teachers explanation clarify the puzzling problem. 老师的说明澄清了困扰的问题。 I hope that what I say will clarify the situation. 我希望我说的话能澄清这一情况。The explanation in the footnote clarified the difficult sentence. 注脚的解释使这一难句容易明了。6. Frustrate vt. 挫败，阻挠; 使得某人恼怒，灰心丧气 The terrible weather frustrated our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气使我们外出的愿望无法实现。 Their attempts to speak to him were frustrated by the guards . 他们想跟他说话，但被警卫拦住了。 Im feeling rather frustrated in my present job; I need a change. 我感到现在干得很不顺心，需要换一换工作。 He was frustrated by his poverty. 他因贫穷而灰心丧气。7. deprive V. ( sb. Of sth. ) 剥夺，使丧失; 使不能享有 近义词：strip, divest If you do not drive carefully, I shall be obliged to deprive you of your license. 如果您不谨慎驾驶，我将不得不没收您的执照。 What will a student do if he were deprived of his books? 一个学生如果没有了书籍，将怎么办？ The trees outside the windows deprive the house of light. 窗外的树木把房子遮挡得暗然无光。 Sickness deprived me of the pleasure of meeting you. 疾病使得我未能和你经常欢聚。8. show up: 露面，出现show sb. the way: 给指路；给做个样子(榜样)show sb. the door: 让离开show ones colors: 说出真实意图give the show away: 泄露天机 9. in all senses: 从任何意义上说in a/one/sense: 从某种意义上说in no sense: 决不（是）make sense: 讲得通，有意义make sense of sth.: 理解，弄懂的意思come to ones senses: 恢复理性一位健谈的客人 a talkative guest对婚姻造成破坏 wreak havoc with marriage为陪伴家人而放弃发展事业的机会 to give up the chance for a career to accompany the family交谈伴侣 conversational partner交际的标准 interactive norms跨文化交流cross-cultural communication建立并保持友谊 create and maintain friendship维系关系的纽带 cement that binds relationship问一些刨根问底的问题 ask some probing questions把倾听者的回应声理解为不耐烦 interpret listener-noise as impatience保护自己免受别人的压制和摆布 protect oneself from being put down and pushed around危及婚姻的问题 problems that endanger marriageUnite 41. Accelerate vi. (使)加快，加速 反义词decelerate The car accelerated as it overtook me. 那辆汽车一加速就超越了我。 The leader is losing ground as the rest of the runners accelerate. 领先者在其余赛跑者加速时就逐渐失去了优势。 vt. (正式)使加快，促进，提前 China is accelerating its economic development. 中国的经济发展速度正在加快。to accelerate the educational system reform加快教育体制改革2. apt adj. 有.倾向的，易于的; 适当的，恰当的 近义 be inclined to/tend to This kind of shoe is apt to slip on wet ground. 这种鞋在湿地上容易打滑。 Its apt to rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能下雨。 an apt remark 适当的话例题: The words were all _ and well chosen. A. suitable B. appropriate C. apt D. fit3. benign adj. 慈祥的，和蔼的，亲切的，温和的a benign nature/smile 和善的性情/微笑 The benign weather brought North America a bumper crop. 温和的气候给北美带来大丰收。 adj.(医) 疾病无致命危险的，非恶性的，良性的A benign tumor will not cause you any fatal harm. 良性肿瘤不会对你有致命的伤害。 例题：This is a _ tumour, so you dont have to be worried about it. A. good B. king C. benevolent D. benign4. bristle n. 短而硬的毛发e.g. His chin was covered with bristles. 他的下巴长满了胡子茬。v. （因愤怒等原因毛发）竖立，硬挺; （比喻义）怒发冲冠 The dogs hair bristled (up) when the visitors came to the door. 访者走近大门时,那条狗的毛都竖起来了。 They bristled (with anger) at his denigrating description of their activities. 听到他在污蔑他们的活动，他们都怒发冲冠。5. complacent adj. 自满，自鸣得意 (n. complacency) a complacent smile 洋洋自得的微笑 He had become complacent after years of success. 成功多年后他变得自我满足起来。After so many wins we grew complacent and thought wed never loseso of course we lost the next match. 赢了许多场以后，我们得意忘形了，以为我们决不会输，因此我们在接下来的比赛中当然就输了。6. resort n. 度假地，旅游胜地 e.g. a health resort 疗养地n. 诉诸，求助，采取If this cant be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to have resort to force.如果这个问题不能得到合理的解决，诉诸武力可能是必要的了.As a last resort, we could borrow more money from the bank. 作为最后的手段，我们可以向银行再借点钱。vi. 采取，诉诸，求助于(通常为不好的事物) You should resort to your parents. 你应该求助于你的父母。7. interval n. 不时；时时；每隔一会儿e.g. at regular intervals每隔一定时间 Rain fell at intervals throughout the night. 雨断断续续下了一整夜。at intervals of: 每隔时间/距离e.g. The bell rang at intervals of half an hour. 钟每隔半个小时敲响一次。 There seeds are planted at intervals of three inches. 这些种子的播种间隔为3英寸。8. come off 举行，进行，发生e.g. The wedding came off as planned. 婚礼按计划举行了。成功，达到预期的效果e.g. It was a clever joke but it didnt quite come off. 那消化不错，可惜没有达到预期的效果。结果是，成为e.g. She came off rather badly in the debate. 她在辩论赛中输的很惨。Come off it! 别胡说了，别撒谎了，别装蒜了e.g. Now come off it. I never said that. 行了，别胡说了，我从来没那么说过。9. take in 接待(某人)留宿e.g. He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他没有地方可睡于是我们提出让他留宿。to include 包含，包括e.g. This is the total cost of the holiday taking everything in. 这是度假的全部费用，一切都包括在内。to make (clothes) narrower 把（衣服）改窄e.g. My dress is a bit loose round the waistcould you take it in for me? 我衣服的腰围有点宽松，你能帮我改窄一些吗?to understand fully; grasp 充分理解，掌握e.g. It took me a long time to take in what you were saying. 我费了好长时间才弄明白你所说的话。to deceive 欺瞒，欺骗e.g. Dont be taken in by his promises. 不要被他的许诺所蒙骗。10. dropdrop behind: fall behind 落后e.g. John and Jack had dropped behind in order to be alone and have a talk. 为了能单独在一起谈谈，约翰和杰克故意走在别人后面。drop by: stop i