小升初备考之语法代词.docx

第三节代词考点精析 小学阶段对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代一、人称代词1. 概念及分类 人称代词不仅可以指人，也可指物，有人称、数、格的区别。表示“我”“你”“他”“我们”“你们”“他们”。请看下表：单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit2人称代词的用法(1)人称代词主格在句中作主语。一般位于句首。 She is our English teacher.她是我们的英语老师。 (2)人称代词宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。They dont want u/e to go there.他们不想让我去那儿。注意：lt作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 It is about 25 kilometres from here离这儿大约有25公里。-ing誊量jIt还可用作形式主语或形式宾语，来代替由不定式，动词的-ing形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语，以避免句子头重脚轻。It is not easy to learn English well.学好英语不容易。英语里当主语是并列的几个人时，无论是主格还是宾格，人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同，I在最后，you在最前；但是，当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I在最前，you在最后。例如：You, he and I are all good students你，他和我都是好学生。二、物主代词1概念及分类 用来表示人和物之间的所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 2物主代词的用法(1)形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征，不能独立使用，在句中作定语，用来修饰后面的名词。To our surprise, she has passed the exam让我们吃惊的是，她通过了考试。(2)名词性物主代词具有名词的特征相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”的结构，在句中作主语、表语、宾语。May I use your bike? Mine is at school（作主语）Whose shoes are these? They are hers.（作表语）My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? （作宾语）(3)名词性物主代词可以与of连用，作定语。A friend of ours are waiting for us我们的一个朋友正在等我们。三、指示代词1概念及分类指示代词用来指代人或事物的代词，表示“这个（些）”“那个（些）”。见下表这，这个那，那个这些那些thisthatthesethose2用法指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。注意：(1)前面刚刚提到过的东西，常用that, those表示。 (2)下文将要提到的事情，可用these, this表示，起启下的作用。四、疑问代词1. 概念及分类用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom。2用法在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。在口语中，作宾语时who和whom可以通用，但在介词后面只能用whom。作主语：What makes you so happy?作宾语：Who/Whom is your mother talking with? About whom they are talking just now?作定语：Which car do you like best?作表语：Whats your brother?五、不定代词1概念及分类不定代词：不定代词没有确常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no以及由some, no, any, every构成的复合词。2用法不定代词通常可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语，而none及含有some, any, every的合成代词不能作定语，no和every只能作定语。代词many, few, a few修饰可数名词，much, little,a little惨饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。3疑难点：(1) some也用于一般疑问句中，此时表示说话人希望得到对方肯定回复。如：Would you like to drink some coffee with me?(2) few与little表示“几乎没有”，都含有否定的意思；a few与a little表示“有一点”。如 :There is little juice in the bottle.瓶子里几乎没有果汁了。There are a few trees in the garden花园里有几棵树。例1请填人合适的人称代词。1. _is Tom. _ is Jenny.2. Look at the panda. _is black and white.3. He is my brother. _are teachers.4. This skirt is for _. I like it very much.分析：这几道题考查的是人称代词及其用法，要仔细阅读句子判断所要用的人称代词的人称、数、格。答案：1He, She 2It 3We 4Me例2请填入合适的代词。This is _ school. We like it very much.分析：通过后面句子里的We，我们就应该判断出前面的物主代词是we的形容词性物主代词our。答案：our例3 用所给词的适当形式填空。一Is this_ watch? (you) -No, its not_. (I)分析：由watch可知这里应该用you的形容词性物主代词来作定语加以修饰，而后一个空应该用I的名词性物主代词来充当表语，这里的mine相当于my watch。答案：your，mine例4单项选择：_red pencil is mine.AThis B. It CThese分析：此题考查的是指示代词，由red pencil is判定是单数形式，所以A正确。答案：A例5 请用正确的疑问代词填空。_ are your friends? Theyre very well, thanks.分析：完成这类题目，首先要根据答句作出正确的判断，判断这道题是针对什么提问，那我们就可以选择相应的疑问代词了。后面的回答是身体的状况，所以提问的应该是表示“怎么样”的How。易错题辨析例 单项选择:-Is that a building? Yes, _.Ait B. That C. this错解：B分析：building两个人都知道的物体，通过语感判断it比较恰当。正解：A举一反三一、填写代词表。主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2、 用所给词的适当形式填空1. That is not_ball. That ball is very small, but _is very big.(I)2. The pen is _. Give it to _.(she)3. Look at that chair. Those books are on _. (it)4. _ sweaters are red, (we)What colour are _.(you)5. I can find my toy car, but wheres _?(you)6. Show _ your pencil, OK? (they)7. I have a beautiful dog. _name is Tiger. These cakes are _.(it)8. Are these _ cards? No, _ are not_. _arent here. (they)9. Shall _have a look at that classroom? That is _classroom. ( we)10. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they)三、单项选择。( )1. -Is _ your brother? -No, _isnt.A he;you B he;he C you; she( )2. _ are my friend. I love _.A Them; they B They; they C They; them( )3. -Is this your pen? -Yes, its _.A my B I C mine( )4. Lucy and _mother are at home now.A. she B. her C. hers( )5. What colour are _ short? _ are black. A. you; They B you; They C You; your( )6. _ classroom is clean but _ is dirty.A. Our, yours B Their; our C You; you( )7.Is _ Li Ming speaking? _.A. this; That B your; I C that; This( )8. -Can I have _ juice, please? Im thirsty. Here you are.A any B some C a( )9. There is so _water in the bottle.A a little B little C few四、请写出下列句子的同义句1. This is my desk. This _ _ _.2. Are those their balls? Are those _ _?3. Is that apple hers? Is that _ _?4. Is this your school? Is this _ _?5. These are my bags. These _ _ _.5、 用适当的代词完成下列短文 Sam is going to see _grandpa today. _ takes some nice food with _. On _ way, _ says to _, “ _grandpa will give _ some nice food, so _ can eat this food.” So _ eats the food.六、按要求改写句子o1. That is a small dog. (近处)_ 2. This bike is mine（对画线部分提问）_ 3. My grandfather is reading an evening paper.（对画线部分提问）_ 4. This book is new. (改为复数句）_ 5. My uncle is a superstar.（对画线部分提问）_ 7、 完形填空 Look at the girl. She is 1 good friend. She is 2 English girl. 3 name is Doris. 4 twelve. My 5 is Li Ping. 6 a Chinese girl. Im eleven. Doris has a happy family. 7 father is a driver and her mother is doctor. I have a happy family, too. There are three people in 8 family. My father, my mother and 9 . I love my parents and 10 love me, too. ( )1. A me B I C the D my( )2. A a B an C the D one( )3. A He B His C Her D She ( )4. A Hes B Shes C Its D Its( )5. A name B home C friend D brother( )6. A I are B has C Hes D She;s( )7. A The B two C His D Her( )8. A my B have C I D our( )9. A me B play C us D I ( )10.A I B you C they D them 答案：一、略二、1 my, mine 2 hers, her 3 it 4 Our, yours 5 yours 6 them 7 Its, its 8 their, they, theirs, Theirs 9