unit4 lecture notes.doc

Words and Expressions globalization: n. free flows of capital, labor, technology, and personal contact across national borders * Some see the spread of English as an international language as just another consequence of globalization. (=Thanks to globalization, the burger you buy in Moscow is exactly the same as the one you buy in New York.)sweep aside: clear away or get rid of suddenly or forcefully; refuse to pay attention to sth./ sb. says* Anyway, by then she was sure that Julius would simply have swept any curbs aside.他们对所有的反对意见不予理睬。(=They swept all the objections aside.)Pattern: sweep away 扫清, 迅速消灭sweep out 扫掉; 清除sweep over 眺望, 环视sweep up 打扫干净, 收拾干净strengthen: vt. become stronger or make sth. stronger We must strengthen the weak links.(=The Presidents first priority was to strengthen the economy.)asset: n. 1) (usu. pl) money or property that a person or company owns *Copyrights, patents, trademarks, brand names, and trade secrets are all part of a companys intangible assets. 目前，他们的资产有623万美元。(=Currently, they have $6,230,000 in assets.)2) an advantage or a resource *The most powerful asset we have is our skilled, dedicated workforce. (=A sense of humor is an important asset for any teacher.) Collocation:capital/ fixed assets 资本/固定资产cash assets 现金资产liquid/ circulating/ current assets 流动资产net assets 净资产make no / little difference: have no / little effect (on), be of no / little importance (to) *That does not mean it makes no difference to social welfare which rules we settle upon. 姚明的缺席似乎对休斯顿火箭队没有太大的影响。(=The absence of Yao Ming seemed to make little difference to the performance of the Houston Rockets.)identifyas: recognize and correctly name someone or sth. *His accent identified him as a Frenchman. (=The policeman identified him as the thief.) elite: n. a group of people who have a lot of power and influence because they have money, knowledge, or special skills*Only a small elite can afford to send their children to this school.这些人构成了有决定权的精英集团。 (=These people form an elite who have the power to make decisions. )Collocation:political/social/economic elite 政治/社会/经济精英a handful of: a very small number of people or things:*That place was of little interest. I only took a handful of pictures. (=What counts is having a handful of young that are exceptional.) earnest: adj. marked by or showing deep sincerity or seriousness*Friends described Jackson as an earnest, hard-working young man. 你可以笑，但我绝对是认真的。(=You may laugh but Im in deadly earnest. )Collocation:in earnest郑重地；严肃认真CF: earnest, serious, severe 这三个形容词均有“严肃的”之意。earnest 指严肃，认真，含诚恳和热情意味。例如: * I could tell she was speaking in earnest. 我看得出来她的话是当真的。serious 指具有关键、严肃或严重意义的事情。例如:*We give serious consideration to safety recommendations. 我们认真考虑安全建议。severe 指面孔的严肃，法律的严厉，伤病的严重。着重严厉性，无丝毫温情。例如:*Many people feel the punishment should have been more severe. 许多人认为惩罚本应该更加严厉些。considerable: adj. fairly large, especially large enough to have an effect or be important * Attracting tourists to the area is going to take considerable effort. (=A considerable amount of research was done here by our science department.)interconnect: vi. connect to or with each other * Our operating system can now interconnect with other networks. 人们的生活是如何互相联系在一起的, 真是不可思议。(=Its strange how peoples lives interconnect.)advantageous: adj. helpful and likely to make you successful * Many bus companies provide advantageous fare tickets especially for tourists.你会发现等几周再作答复是很有好处的。(=You may find it advantageous to wait a few weeks before replying.)NB: “advantageous” 的名词形式为 “advantage”。与其搭配常用的短语是：“have the advantage of” “有优势”; “take advantage of” “（以不正当手段）利用；占便宜”entitle: vt. 1) give a title to给题名，给取名*She was reading a poem entitled Auguries of Innocence. (=He entitled the book The Secret Garden.)2) give someone the official right to do or have sth.*Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.他们有资格享有许多优惠和特权。(=They are entitled to enjoy many advantages and privileges.)Pattern:be entitled 叫做, 称为be entitled to (do) sth. 对.享有权利/有资格 vanish: vi. disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explained *My keys were here a minute ago but now theyve vanished. (=The plane vanished from radar screens soon after taking off.)CF: vanish, disappear, evaporate这三个动词均有“消失”之意。vanish 语气强，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛丝马迹。disappear 普通用词，强调从视线或脑海中消失。这消失可能是暂时的、突然的或永久的，视上下文而定。 evaporate 指像水蒸发时那样悄然逝去，也指某人悄悄地、突然退出或离去。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Drugs wont make the pain _ altogether, but they will help.(=disappear)2. All hopes of finding the boy alive have _. (=vanished)3. Hopes of achieving peace are beginning to _. (=evaporate)4. Before she could scream, the man had _into the night. (=vanished)5. 13 year-old Nicola _ from her home on Saturday night. (=disappeared)6. They then fan the water so that it _ and in doing so lowers the temperature. (=evaporates)7. By the time of the trial, the tape had mysteriously _. (=disappeared)facilitate: vt. make it easier for a process or activity to happen * Both centers are electronically linked to facilitate communication. 学校都建在同一校区内，以便资源共享。(=Schools were located in the same campus to facilitate the sharing of resources.)16. (Para. 4) at odds with: in conflict with; disagreeing or quarrelling with *The government decision to raise taxes was at odds with their policies on inflation. (=Briggs found himself at odds with his colleagues.)Collocation:at odds 矛盾；不一致it makes no odds 没有关系，无关紧要take odds 占优势odds and ends 小事; 不要紧的东西be committed to: promise to do (sth.); be devoted to *A lot of money has been committed to this project. 中国承诺发展低碳经济。(=China is committed to pursuing a low carbon economy.) endorse: vt. express formal support or approval for someone or sth.*The Prime Minister is unlikely to endorse this view. (=I fully endorse the measures taken to improve safety standards.)Collocation:endorse a proposal/an idea/a candidate 赞成提议/想法/候选人 endorse a cheque背书支票erase: vt. get rid of sth. so that it has gone completely and no longer exists*Their dream is to erase poverty and injustice from the world. 没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。(=Nothing can erase the incident from his memory.)CF：erase, delete这两个动词都有“去掉，抹去”之意。erase 指 “把写的或画的痕迹擦去或刮掉”, 用于比喻意义时, 指“从记忆中抹去”, 例如: He erased the wrong answer and wrote in the right one. 他擦去了错误答案, 写上了正确答案。又如：Nothing can erase the incident from his memory. 没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。delete 指“去掉、擦掉(字迹等)”、“勾掉、删掉(字句等)”, 例如: If you delete several words, we can put the whole story on one page. 如果你删去几个字, 我们可把整个故事写在一页上。 accelerate: v. (cause to) move faster or happen earlier * Mr Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.选手们跑过弯道时平稳地加速。 (=The runners accelerated smoothly round the bend.) forefront: n. the foremost part or area *The company has always been at the forefront of science and technology. (=Companies compete to stay at the forefront of research and development.)Pattern：at/in/to the forefront (of sth) 位于最前列；成为领导力量keep sb/sth at/in/ to 使保持在最前列come into/to 跃居最前列witness: 1. vt. be present and see * The crash was witnessed by scores of holiday weekenders along the beach. 20世纪80年代，电子传媒得到了空前的发展。(=The 1980s witnessed an unprecedented increase in the scope of the electronic media.)2. n. someone who sees a crime or an accident and can describe what happened * Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward. (=The witness was asked to identify the defendant in the courtroom.)beat a path to/ beat down sbs door: if people beat a path to your door, they are interested in sth. you are selling, a service you are providing etc.* The new design was supposed to have consumers beating a path to their door.现在她已经成名, 她家门庭若市。 (=Now that she has become famous, all sorts of people will be beating a path to her door.)Pattern:beat a path to/ beat down sbs door 门庭若市beat a big drum for/about为鼓吹;为大肆宣传beat a bargain 还价成交remarkable: adj. unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise* Clark did a remarkable job setting things up for the meeting. (=She has made remarkable progress.)CF: remarkable, outstanding, striking这三个形容词均有“显著的，引人注意的”之意。remarkable 通常指因有与众不同的特点或优越性而引起人们注意或称道。outstanding 通常指与同行或同类的人相比显得优秀或杰出，或具有他人或别的事物所没有的特征。striking 强调能给观察者产生强烈而深刻印象。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. From the outside, the most _aspect of the building is its tall, slender tower. (=striking)2. Its a _ achievement for the company. (=remarkable)3. The lowest ranks of society showed the most _ and significant contrasts. (=striking)4. With her mass of black hair and pale skin she looked very _. (=striking)5. The book is a series of interviews with _ artists and writers. (=outstanding)6. His drawings are _ for their accuracy. (=remarkable)7. She would create something special, something _ for her. (=outstanding)landmark: n. 1) sth. that is easy to recognize, such as a tall tree or building, and that helps you know where you are* The Washington Monument is a popular historical landmark.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。(=The tower was once a landmark for ships.)2) one of the most important events, changes, or discoveries that influences someone or sth. * The Reform and Open Door Policy has become a landmark in Chinese history.小孩的出世是所有相关人生活中一件大事。(=The birth of a child is an important landmark in the lives of all concerned.) overtake (overtook, overtaken): 1) v. go past a moving vehicle or person because you are going faster than them and want to get in front of them* Before you start to overtake, make sure the road is clear ahead of you. (=Two trucks overtaking one another brushed him to the side.)2) vt. catch up with or pass after catching up with*Television soon overtook the cinema as the most popular form of entertainment. 在工业产量方面德国迅速超过了英国。(=Germany rapidly overtook Britain in industrial output.)NB: 前缀over可以放在名词，动词，形容词前边表达“too much 过分” 的含义。例如: “overpopulation” “人口过剩”; “overwork ” “过度工作”；“overweight”“超重的”。displace: vt. take the place of; replace * Coal has been displaced by natural gas as a major source of energy. (=Some of the companies that have been displaced have, in their time, displaced others.)elsewhere: adv. in, at, or to another place *Hell work as a freelance consultant, unless he finds a better job elsewhere. 我们最喜欢去的那家饭店客满了