2014湖北高考复习名词性从句.doc

名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. It is known to us how he became a writer. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如： He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。3. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）名词性从句完成句子专项训练一，主语从句1. _ is still unknown. 政府将怎样处理这些旧房子仍然不清楚。(do)2. _ ought to turn off the lights. 最后离开房间的人应该关灯。(whoever)3. It is still unknown _ to visit her sick father. 她是否能省出点时间去看望她生病的父亲还不清楚。(set)4. It will make a difference if we realize _ to live life to the fullest. 如果我们意识到充实生活是多么重要的话就会有所作为。(important)5. _ something improper at the meeting surprised all of us. 他在会上说了些不合适的话让我们所有人感到惊讶。(say)6. _ doesnt make much difference. 他是否出过国并不那么重要。(abroad)7. _ wouldnt be useful. 无论我说什么都不会有用。(whatever)8. It is a new trend _ . 越来越多的消费者在网上购物是一个新趋势。(purchase)9. _ is that they are all independent. 他们所拥有的共同之处是他们都很独立。(common)10. _ is that it offers more personal services. 使这家商店不同的是它提供了更多的个人服务。(what)11. _ in face of danger matters much. 面对危险我们应该保持冷静非常重要。(stay)12. _ makes no difference to me. 无论你要什么都对我不重要。(whatever)13. _ was that more than half of her students had been admitted to key universities. 使老师自豪的是她的学生超过半数都被重点大学录取了。(proud)二，同位语从句14. News came from the school office _ Beijing University. 学校办公室传来消息说约翰已被北大录取。(admit)15. A thought suddenly came to me _ to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. 我突然想到我可以用零花钱买些花作为生日礼物送给妈妈。(may)16. When report came into the office _ forty-five miles south of the city, they did not take it seriously. 当有人在办公室报告说那个失踪的男孩在这个城市以南45英里处被人发现的时候，他们没有认真对待它。(spot)17. Mr. Paine made a request _. 潘恩先生要求我帮助他。(help)18. Language experts hold the view _ the development of language.语言专家认为网络语言对语言的发展有很大的影响(influence)19. Is there any doubt _ tomorrow? 他明天将出席会议有任何疑问吗？(attend)20. The fact has worried many scientists _ these years. 地球日趋变暖这个事实令许多科学家担忧。(become)三，表语从句21. Tom, dont you realize that is _ ？ 汤姆，难道你没有意识到这就是你的错误所在吗？(be)22. Water, which seems so simple and common is _.看似简单而普通的水却是使生命成为可能的东西(make)23. After decoration, our classroom is not _. 装修后，我们的教室不再和过去一样(what)24. Students should be brought up to know that love, happiness and success are _.学生们长大就知道了，爱，幸福和成功是用钱买不到的。(buy)25. The problem is _. 问题是谁来接管这家店铺。(charge)26. His recommend, which has been proved to be right, is .事实已证明他建议我们读这本书是对的。（read）27. The poor young man is ready to accept _.可怜的年轻人准备接受他能得到任何帮助。(whatever)四，宾语从句28. He asked _ for the violin.他问我，我付了多少钱买那把小提琴。(pay)29. Mary wrote an article on _ to win the game. 玛丽写了篇关于我们这场比赛没有赢的原因的文章。(fail)30. These wild flowers are so special that I will do _ . 这些野花如此特别,我将竭尽所能地去挽救他们 (all)31. In the letter he asked me _ the Great Wall. 他在信中问我是否去过长城。(whether)32. Could you please tell me _ the naughty children? 你能告诉我，我如何对付淘气的孩子吗？(attend)33. Ten years have passed, he still remembers _ . 10年过去了，他仍然记得那场雨持续了多久。(last)34. Choosing the right dictionary depends on _ . 正确地选择字典取决于你要用它做什么。 (what)35. We all know _.我们都知道他本来应该说什么。(what)36. Well never know _ for us in the ten years to come. 我们永远不会知道在即将到来的10后年我们的生活会发生什么。(what)37. He suggested that _ to discuss the housing problem. 他建议举行另一次会议来讨论住房问题。(hold)38. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _.他自豪地说出他在比赛中发挥的作用却没有提他的队友们所做的。(what) 39. That morning Jim asked me _ with my parents the night before.那天上午吉姆问我我和父母在前一天晚上争论什么。(argue)40. She asked me _.她问我谁的书法是班上最好的。(handwriting) 纯手工打造各地部分高考题：1.（2010山东）Before the sales start, I make a list of _(我的孩子所需要的)