Passage--压缩版.doc

Chapter 13 朗读Passage1Ladies and gentlemen. This is your Captain speaking. I have pleasure in informing you that all safety equipment is in full working order. The bow and stern doors are closed and secured. The vessel is in all respects ready for sea. Please listen carefully to the safety instructions which follow. In the unlikely event of an emergency, please obey the orders given on the public address system. Passengers are requested to read all notes and leaflets concerning safety regulations. All regulations concerning the vessels routine have to be obeyed. Safety regulations do not permit passengers to enter the following spaces:navigating bridgeengine roommaneuvering areas at the front and back end of the vesselcargo rooms and compartmentsservice roomsall areas and spaces marked “Crew only”all closed, sealed or roped off areas, spaces and roomscar decks when the vessel is at seaPassage2International regulations require all passengers to be assembled in a drill which has to take place within 24 hours of departure. A drill will be held to familiarize passengers with their assembly stations, with their life-saving equipment and with emergency procedures. All passengers must attend this drill. In case of emergency seven short blasts and one prolonged blast will be given with the ships whistle and the alarm system. Remain calm when you hear the general emergency alarm. Passengers will be taught how to act and behave in cases of emergency.Passage 3Always remember that fire is the greatest hazard aboard ship. Always act immediately if you detect fire or smell fumes or smoke. Always inform a member of the crew if you detect fire or smell fumes or smoke. Be careful to extinguish cigarettes completely. Put used cigarettes in a container provided. Never smoke in bed. Never smoke on deck except in areas labeled as smoking areas. Never throw a cigarette overboard. The use of naked light and open fire is strictly prohibited. Never use lighted candles. Never hang anything over or near an electric bulb. Never use an electric iron in a cabin. If you need to iron something use the ironing room on the third deck. The key may be collected at the information desk.Passage4Attention please! Attention please! This is your Captain with an important announcement. I repeat, this is your captain with an important announcement. We have a minor flooding in the engine room. There is no immediate danger to our passengers or the ship and there is no reason to be alarmed. For safety reasons we request all passengers to go to their assembly stations on deck and wait there for further instructions. Please follow the instructions given by the officers and crew. The damage control team is fighting the flooding. We also have radio contact with radio coast stations. As soon as I have further information I will make another announcement. I ask you kindly to remain calm. There is no danger at this time.Passage 5When the general emergency alarm is sounded, which consists of seven short blasts and one prolonged blast, all passengers have to go to their assembly station. Take your lifejackets and blankets with you. Lifejackets are stored in your cabins under your beds and at your assembly stations. You are encouraged to try on your lifejackets. All passengers must put on warm clothing; long trousers, long-sleeved shirts/jackets; strong shoes and head covering. All passengers with their lifejackets and blankets are requested to go to their assembly stations immediately. From your assembly stations you will be escorted to your lifeboats. All passengers are requested to carefully study the safety instructions behind their cabin doors. All passengers are requested to follow the escape routes shown. Do not use lifts.Passage6Last year there were 63 incidents at sea. This included 10 spills, 2 of which resulted in pollution. Fourteen vessels grounded and 6vessels collided in bad weather conditions. There were 20 reports of personal injury. These injuries usually occurred because seamen did not take care with machinery or because they did not wear the correct type of protective clothing. Seven ships reported fires on board during the year: in 2 incidents, the fires started in the galley, in another 2 incidents, fires started when chemical containers exploded; and in 3 incidents, the fires occurred because of electrical faults. On 4 occasions vessels lost power because the crew did not follow correct procedures during maneuvering. There were accounts of cargo contamination: 1 cargo of grain suffered from heat damage, and in the other case, water leaked into the hold and damaged a cargo of fruit.Passage7This incident took place on board the MV Elga in January of this year. Some of our cargo of pipes broke loose on the deck when we were rounding the Cape of Good Hope in bad weather. There were high winds and visibility was very poor. At the time of the incident I was on watch on the bridge. The 2nd officer heard a loud banging noise and noticed the pipes were loose. I immediately informed the Captain who ordered a team to go on deck to try and secure the pipes. The problem was caused by the severe movement of the vessel and some lashings breaking. The deck crews were able to lever the pipes into a secure position. We managed to lash the cargo down again sufficiently until the bad weather passed. There was very little we could do to ensure that this incident does not happen again. However, when bad weather is forecast, all lashings should be checked and, if necessary, extra lashings should be put in place.Passage8It is a common belief among members of the public that piracy belongs to an era in which swashbuckling pirates played cat and mouse with sailing ships laden with gold. That piracy is a thing of the past, however, is a myth. The main point Id like to make is that armed robbery is still a real threat to the shipping industry. The International Maritime Bureau reported that in 1994 there were 92 serious attacks on ships. Two years later in 1996, this figure rocketed to 174, and in 1997 the figure continued to rise dramatically to 252. Almost a third of these incidents took place in the same area. Attempts to combat this crime were made during the early 1990s and consequently the number of attacks decreased significantly. This decrease was due to two main factors. IMO missions were sent to problem areas and pressure was also exerted on countries whose waters were known blackspots for pirate attacks.Passage9Two types of compasses are used at sea, namely the gyro compass and the magnetic compass. The gyro compass is electrically driven and indicates the direction of the geographical or true north pole of the earth. When a gyro compass has been started some time must be allowed for it to settle down, and a ships gyro compass should be started some hours before it is to be used. A gyro compass may function correctly, but at the same time register a small, constant error known as the gyro error. If the gyro compass indicates a direction which is numerically larger than the true direction, the error is described as high, and conversely a numerically smaller reading is described as low.Passage10Major coast radio stations all over the world transmit, at regular intervals and in code, weather information for ships within range. Weather information consists of ten parts, of which ships usually make use of three, that is, warning, synoptic situation and forecast. With weather information, mariners are able to keep away from disastrous weather at sea and reduce the danger a great deal. As terrible weather is predicted, ships can take precautions before hand, by delaying the voyage or seeking shelter in a safe place. If there is high sea or long swell, they can take some measures to safeguard the cargo and the ship.Passage11When the vessel approaches her designated berth at minimum steerage way, the approach to the quay is made at the smallest possible angle. With a heaving line the hawser is pulled from the vessel onto the embankment by line-handlers. The spring is fastened to a bollard, and while the engine is on half astern, the warping drum picks up the slack. To prevent the line from being fouled, the hawser or spring is led through the fairlead. The ship is then maneuvered along the embankment and fastened to bollards by headlines, stern lines, breast lines and springs.When leaving berth, casting off orders, engine room orders and helm orders are given by the pilot or the master. After having started the engine, the first order is “Stand by for letting go!” When a line is cast off, the first order must always be “Slack away, so that it will become possible to handle the hawser .The next casting off order will then be: “Heave away”, which means that the line can be pulled aboard. The sequence of casting off orders that can then be given depends on how the vessel has been berthed, and on the prevailing weather condition and currents.Passage12One of the most important responsibilities of the first mate is to make sure that cargo will be properly loaded and stowed. Whether bulk cargo, general cargo, heavy cargo, containerized cargoes or refrigerated perishable cargo are carried, care must always be taken to ensure that a cargo will not in any way affect the vessels stability and jeopardize vessel, cargo and crew.Therefore a stowage plan must be made up before the loading of the cargo commences. Stevedoring (loading and discharging of cargo) must be done according to this stowage plan by a shore gang. A shore gang usually consists of a foreman and stevedores (long shore men, as they are called in America), hatchway men, winch men and a tally clerk.Passage13There are five common kinds of injury on vessels. Seafarers sometimes break their arms and legs when they slip or fall. These accidents happen when they dont wear safety boots or when decks are wet and oily. Seafarers also fall when ladders are not secure. To prevent broken arms and legs, it is important to wear safety boots. Seafarers sometimes strain their backs when they lift heavy objects. Back strain usually happens when seafarers lift objects alone or when they dont use lifting equipment properly. To prevent back strain, it is important to lift properly. Seafarers sometimes suffer from burns when there is a fire, explosion or chemical spill. Seafarers need to be careful when they smoke or when they work with chemical. To prevent burns, it is important to obey “No Smoking” signs and to handle chemical cargos safely. Seafarers sometimes suffer from cuts. They often cut their fingers when they are careless with sharp machinery. To prevent cuts, it is important to use safety guards and wear gloves. Seafarers sometimes injure their eyes when they work with machinery. Dust, sparks, and chemicals are very dangerous when they enter the eye. To prevent eye injuries, it is important to wear protective goggles.Passage14The vessel was at anchor overnight while we were waiting for permission to enter the port. Two Officers of Watch were patrolling the deck but they did not notice anything unusual. They did not realize that while they were on watch, two stowaways were hiding in the lifeboat. One man escaped by jumping overboard while the other climbed down a rope ladder. Later, I received a phone cal from the Coastguard at the port. He said that two men from my vessel were swimming towards the shore. He called the police and ordered a rescue boat to pick up the men. When the rescue boat went out, it picked up only one person. The other was nowhere to be seen. As yet, I have no further information about the two stowaways. The vessel will remain in port until the Port Authorities have searched the vessel and given clearance to depart. I am awaiting instruction from the immigration authorities about the procedure for repatriating the stowaway who is in police custody at present. The police are still searching for the missing stowaway.Passage 15The echo sounder sends a radio signal from the bottom of the ship to the seabed, from which it is reflected. The time taken to receive the reflected signal is a measure of the depth of water under the ship. The received pulse is displayed on a chart by a pen recorder so that the navigator can see the outline of the bottom over which the vessel is passing. A similar device is the sonar system, which uses high frequency sound signals. In sonar the sound signal can be sent ahead or sideways. The time for the echo to be sent back from an object, such as an underwater rock, is a measure of the objects distance from the ship. The sonar system can also be used to measure the speed of the ship over the seabed.Passage 16The Officer On Watch (OOW) should ensure that the SOLAS requirements for the operation and testing of the steering gear are observed, Steering control of the ship will comprise manual steering, probably supplemented by an automatic pilot. At each steering position there should be a gyro repeater and rudder angle indicator and emergency back-up steering position, usually in the steering gear flat, is also required. If an autopilot is fitted, a steering mode selectors witch for changing between automatic and manual steering, and a manual override control to allow the OOW to gain instant manual control of the steering, will be required. When operating an autopilot, the course to steer will need to be manually set on the autopilot and the autopilot will steer the course until a new course is entered.Passage 17A typical weather report normally includes three parts: Warning, Synoptic situation and Forecast. Gale warnings are usually issued when winds of at least force 8 or gusts reaching 43 knots are expected. Gale warnings remain in force until amended or cancelled. However, if the gale persists for more than 24 hours after the time of origin, the warning will be re-issued. The term “severe gale” implies a mean wind of at least force 9 or gusts reaching 52 knots. Storm warnings are usually issued when winds of force 10 or gusts reaching 61 knots are expected. The term “imminent” implies within 6 hours of the time of issue, “soon” implies between 6 and 12 hours, “later” implies more than 12 hours. Hurricane warnings are issued in some parts of the world when winds of force 12 or above are expectedPassage 18Admiralty Notices to Mariners, Weekly Editions, contain information which enables the mariner to keep his chars and books published by the Hydrographic Department up-to date for the latest reports received. In addition to all Admiralty Notices, they include all Australian and New Zealand chart correcting notices, and selected Temporary and Preliminary ones. Copies of all Australian and New Zealand Notices can be obtained from Australian or New Zealand chart agents. The notices are published in Weekly Editions, and are issued by the Hydrographic Department on a daily basis to certain Admiralty Chart Agents. Weekly Editions can the obtained gratis, or dispatched regularly by surface of air mail from Admiralty Chart Agents. Ports and authorities who maintain copies of Admiralty Notices to Mariners for consultation are listed in Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to MarinersPassage19The master is the direct representative of the company. Decisions and actions taken by the master in the capacity are usually binding upon company, and therefore the master must act to ensure that companys interests are protected. The master has supreme command of the vessel and full authority under the law over all phases of vessel operating at all times. This authority under the law extends over all persons on board. The master is at all times responsible for the seaworthiness and safety of the ship and for the safety of all personnel, cargo and equipment aboard. The master is responsible for the management of the certificates and documents related the vessel. The master is ultimately responsible for the safe handling and control of cargo during loading, transport and discharge.Passage20Upon joining a vessel, the Third Officer must report to the master. The Third Officer must discuss with the officer being relieved the areas of the Third Officers responsibility, and inspect them promptly, preferably in the company of the officer being relieved. Anything found to be unsatisfactory/ must be reported to the master. The Third Officer is responsible to the master /for the proper performance of his assigned bridge watchstanding /and navigational duties. The Third Officer is responsible to the master /through the First Officer for watch duties/ pertaining to fire-fighting appliances and life-saving appliances /and maintenance. The Third Officer is responsible for/ the care of the ships signaling equipment. The Third Officer is responsible to the master /for maintaining and accounting for /all training publications and training aids, including the movie projector, films, and other audio visual equipment.Passage 21So many lives are lost every year due to accidents involving towing and mooring ropes. Please spare a few minutes to read this. It may save your life.A. Always wear s safety helmet when on the deck of a tug, lighter or barge engaged in mooring, cargo or towing operations.B. Always wear shoes (not slippers) when working on deck.C. Never stand underneath an object being hoisted or lowered.D. Never stand within a bight of a rope.E. Never stand close to mooring or towing ropes under strain. If they break, the backlash can be fatal.F. Hoisting or lowering operations should always be carried out with a person at the controls. Failure to do so may cost you a limb or even your life.G. shackles and thimbles should never go through roller fairleads. The ropes may jump off and cause injuries. All rope and wires should be inspected regularly, and renew them for wear and tear whenever necessary.H. always wear