江苏省姜堰市张甸中学高三英语一轮复习 Module3 Unit 1 Grammar名词性从句课件1 牛津版.pptVIP

名词性从句 grammar nounclause justhaveago canyouchoosethebestanswertoeachsentencefrom06nmet 1 withhisworkcompleted thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat feelingpleased hewasamanofaction 2006湖南 a whichb thatc whatd whether2 wehaven tsettledthequestionof itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad 2006江苏 a ifb wherec whetherd that3 makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices 2006辽宁 a whatb whoc whateverd whoever b c a 4 seetheflagsontopofthebuilding thatwas wedidthismorning 2006全国i a whenb whichc whered what5 pleaseremindme hesaidhewasgoing imaybeintimetoseehimoff 2006全国i a whereb whenc howd what6 whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision theyalwaysletmedo ithinkishould 2006全国iii a whenb thatc howd what7 oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaris itcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure 2006上海 a howb whyc thatd when d b d c canyoudistinguishthat clauseinthetwosentences 1 weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed 2 weexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaagain 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 nounclauses 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组 它在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语 介词宾语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 名词从句 hisjobisimportant whathedoesisimportant thisishisjob thisiswhathedoeseveryday 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 主语 表语 idon tlikehisjob idon tlikewhathedoeseveryday idon tknowabouttheman mr white idon tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher 同位语 宾语 1 thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy a thatb whatc whyd if2 iwonder youwillgoshoppingorstayathome a thatb ifc whetherd what3 thisis hewasoftenlateforschool a whatb thatc whyd whether4 weallknowthetruth theearth aroundthesun a if movedb that movesc why moved whether move 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 practice atlunchtime theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn tseeanything thefactthatpollydidn taskfortheman snameisapity predictiveclause 表语从句 objectclause 宾语从句 subjectclause 主语从句 appositiveclause同位语从句 findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem 1thathewillsucceediscertain 2whetherhewillgothereisnotknown 3whathesaidisnottrue 4wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout 5whoevercomesiswelcome 6howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting 7whenthey llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet subjectclause 主语从句 it isusedasemptysubject 形式主语 为避免主语冗长 句子头重脚轻 经常用it作形式主语 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语 1 itiscertainthathewillsucceed 2 itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere 3 ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey llstarttheproject it slikely possible important necessary clearthat 很可能 重要的是 必要的是 很清楚 it ssaid reportedthat 据说 据报道 itseems appears happensthat 显然 明显 碰巧 it sbeenannounced declaredthat 已经通知 宣布 it snowonderthat 并不奇怪 无疑 it sapity afact acommonknowledge 众所周知 acommonsaying 俗话说 that 在下列句型中常使用that引导主语从句 宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分 可以作谓语动词 介词 不定式等非谓语动词的宾语 theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus heaskedhowmuchipaidfortheviolin hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses 2 宾语从句 that whether if that常可省略 who what which whoever whatever whenwherewhyhow 连词 当whether后紧跟or ornot时 不用if idon tknowwhetherornotiwillstay介词后面的宾语从句不能用if iworryaboutwhetherihurtherfeeling 注意 1 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 在主 谓 it 形式宾语 宾补 that从句 真正宾语 的句型中不省略wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中 第二个that不省略 hetoldme that hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime 2 that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim that sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime helookedasifhewasgoingtocry that swhyiwaslate 表语从句 在句中充当表语成分 一般放在连系动词之后 作用 对主语进行解释说明 表语从句 连接词 when where why how because that whether asif asthough if不引导表语从句 连接代词 who whom whose which what 连接副词 同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分 其一般跟在一些抽象名词 idea belief fact truth problem news等 后面 对名词作进一步解释说明 同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when where why how whether 1 theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople 2 wordcamethatnapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect 视察 them 3 sydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforlucietomakesureofherhappiness 同位语从句 1 twothirdsofallgirlsinbritainareonadiet thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot 2 thequeenofenglandwasonathree dayvisitinchina weheardthenewslastnight thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot weheardthenewslastnightthatthequeenofenglandwasonathree dayvisitinchina 4 timetravelispossible thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea 5 chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 3 teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline manybritishparentsholdtheview manybritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn tspendtoomuchtimeonline thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible thesuggestionthatchinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool dotheexerciseonpage9 usefulphrases reducepainascientificstudybreatheinsniffpleasantsmelltakethepainberelatedtobelinkedto 减少疼痛一次科学研究吸进闻香味忍受疼痛与 相关与 相联系 分析下列宾语从句中的连词 idon tdoubt that youwillsucceed idon tknowwhether ifhewillcometonight idoubtif whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise 3个句子中的连词that whether if 是否 在名词性从句中只起连接作用 在句中不担任成分 被称为连接词注意 a that本身无意义 在宾语从句中可以省略 但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略 b whether和if有是否的意义 在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换 但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句 而if仅可以用于宾语从句 引导名词从句的关联词 连接词 一 名词性从句的语序 1 名词性从句构成有两种 a that 陈述句 thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall thisiswhatwearelookingfor 名词性从句考点归纳 b 疑问词 句子的剩余成分 2 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序 不能用一般疑问句语序 howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle 你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗 f t t f 他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜 couldyoutellmewherehelives couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive 二 名词性从句连接词的选用 1 that和what的选用 that和what都可引导所有的名词从句 但是 what除起连接作用外 还在名词性从句中充当成分 可做从句的主语 宾语 或表语 而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分 只起连接作用 that what 1 hewantsisabook 2 hewantstogothereisobvious 3 theresultis wewonthegame 4 thisis wewanttoknow 5 is hetoldustrue 6 weshouldpayattentionto theteacherissaying 7 ihavenodoubt hewillcome 8 ihavenoidea hedidthatafternoon what that that what what what that what a 主语从句b 表语从句c 同位语从句e 介词后的宾语从句f whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo gwhetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if if和whether的选用 不能使用if的情况 1 iaskedher shehadabike 2 wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather 3 we reworriedabout heissafe 4 idon tknow heiswellornot 5 idon tknow ornotheiswell 6 thequestionis heshoulddoit 7 thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion theoldmanwillrecoversoon 8 idon tknow togo if whether whether whether whether if whether whether whether whether if whether 其它连接代词和副词的连用 主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义 正确的选择who which when where why how等连接词 这些连接词既具有疑问含义 又起连接作用 同时在从句中充当各种成分 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定 weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃 idon tknow broketheglassyesterday 我不知道他长的什么样子 ihavenoidea helookslike 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方 thisis ileftmyglasses when who what where that可省略的情况 that不可省略的情况 主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that不能省略 引导词that的省略 单个宾语从句中的that可省略 1 idon tthink sheiscoming 2 itisapity hehasmadesuchamistake 3 thereasonis heiscareless 4 thenews ourteamwonthematchinspiredus 5 idon tthinkitnecessary youshouldreadenglishaloud 6 hetoldme hisfatherhaddiedand hehadtomakealivingalone that that that that that that that that that 1 同位语从句的格式 2 能接同位语从句的名词有 3 连接词通常是that 也可根据含义选用 三 同位语从句的引导和辨别 n 连接词 从句 order belief suggestion advice information等 whether what when where等来引导同位语从句 fact idea news 1 ihavenoidea hecomesfrom 2 hecan tanswerthequestion hegotthemoney 3 hegaveusmanysuggestions weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise 4 ihavenodoubt hewillwin 5 ihavesomedoubt hewillwin where how that that whether that whether where how 1 定语从句是先行词的修饰语 它不涉及先行词的具体内容 定语从句中that不但起连接作用 而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分 充当从句的宾语成分时可省略 2 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明 表明中心词的具体内容 引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分 只起连接作用 无具体含义 且不可省略 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 1 weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed 2 weexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaagain 1 theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity 2 theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue at ap ap at attributiveorappositive hegavemeasuggestionthati should becalmnow 名词demand suggestion proposal advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气 结构为should do should可省略 a 他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的 hebelieves b 请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么 pleasetellme hisdreamwillcometruesomeday whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday 宾语从句的时态呼应 1 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时 从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备 hetoldme 他说他已离开家乡十年了 hetoldme 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的 theteachertoldus hewaspreparingfortheexamination hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears lighttravelsinastraightline 2 如果主句谓语是过去时 从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态 但从句表达的是客观事实 真理 自然规律等时 从句谓语通常用一般现在时 1 thereason wedidn ttrusthimwas heoftenlied 2 thereason hegaveforhisabsentwas hewasill reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导 不能用why引导 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导 在名词性从句中 我们还须特别注意以下问题 why that that that practicetime partaandpartbatpage11 haveanythingtodowithoverallhealthmakethemostofmisuseoursensesignoreoursenseoftouchratherthanwearanightshirtbepleasanttotouchsleepdeeplygivesb chancetodosth 与 有任何关系全身健康充分利用误用我们的器官忽视我们的触觉而不是 胜过穿着睡衣手感好睡得深给某人机会做某事 languagepoints atthenorthpolemakeone swaytogettomydestinationwalkthroughthethicksnowbecomeworseitis becomesimpossibletodosth losesightofcontinuewalkingsweatwithfear 在北极朝某地走去到达我的目的地走过厚厚的积雪变得更糟做某事不可能看不见继续跑害怕得出汗 1 theyexpressedthehope theywouldcomeovertochina a whichb thatc whomd when2 thefact hedidn tseetomyesterdayistrue a thatb whichc whend what3 ihavenoidea hewillcomeback a whereb whenc whatd that choosethebestanswer 4 thenews surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse a thatb whenc whatd how5 oneofthemenheldtheview thebooksaidwasright a whatthatb thatwhichc thatwhatd whichthat6 wordhascome someamericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek a whatb whetherc thatd which 7 thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing a ifb whatc whetherd how8 theyreceivedorders theworkbedoneatonce a whichb whenc d that9 thereason ihavetogois mymotherisillinbed a why whyb why becausec why thatd that because 10 ican tunderstandis shewantstochangehermind a what whyb which howc that whyd what because11 hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain a thatb whetherc ifd evenif 12 itisknowntous wherethereispollution thereisharm a whichb wherec whatd that13 ihavetheinformation a ofwhathe llcomesoonb thathe llcomesoonc ofthathe llcomesoond hiscomingsoon 14 isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball itmademenearlymad a thathebrokeb whathebrokec hebroked hisbreak15 itremainsaquestion wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime a howb thatc whend what 16 canihelpyou yes doyouknow a whencomesthebusb whenwillcomethebusc whendoesthebuscomed whenthebuscomes17 hemadeapromise anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich a thatb ifc whatd thatif 18 theylosttheirwayintheforestand madematterswor