粘度及换算表.doc

燃油粘度及换算表粘度(VISCOSITY)是油品流动性的一种表征，它反映了液体分子在运动过程中相互作用的强弱，作用强(粘度大)，流动难。石蜡基型原油含烷烃成份较多，分子间力的作用相对较小，粘度较低，环烷基原油含脂环、芳香烃较多，粘度一般较大。但需注意的是油品的流动性并非单决定于粘度，它还与油品的倾点(或凝点)有关。流体的粘度明显受环境温度的影响(压力也有一定影响，但一般可忽略不计)，这种 影响也是通过分子间的相互作用来实施的：通常的概念是温度升高流体体积膨胀，分子间距离拉远，相互作用减弱，粘度下降；温度降低，流体体积缩小，分子间距离缩短，相互作用加强，粘度上升。由于粘度与温度关系密切，因此任何粘度数据都需注明测定时的温度。通常在低温区域温度对粘度的效应尤其显著。粘度的测定方法，表示方法很多。在英国常用雷氏粘度(Redwood Viscosity)，美国惯用赛氏粘度(Saybolt Viscosity)，欧洲大陆则往往使用恩氏粘度(Engler Viscosity)，但各国正逐步更广泛地采用运动粘度(Kinemetic Viscosity)，因其测定的准确度较上述诸法均高，且样品用量少，测定迅速。各种粘度间的换算通常可通过已预先制好的转换表查得近似值。粘度对于各种油品都是一重要参数。内燃机及喷气发动机燃料的汽化性能、锅炉用燃料雾化的好坏均直接与各油品的粘度相关，而油品的输送性能亦与粘度有密切关系。由于粘度在油品实际应用中表现出的重要性，因此不少油品，诸如残渣燃料油、某些润滑油等往往以粘度作为其分级的依据。此外通过对使用过程中的润滑油的粘度的测定更可提供该油品是否已经变质而需加以更换的信息。运动粘度(KINEMETIC VICOSITY)是油品的动力粘度(Dynamic Viscosity)与同温度下的油品密度之比：=/单位，沲(Stoke)= 厘米2/秒，通常以其百分之一 -厘沲cSt表示。具体是测定一定量的试样在规定的温度下(如40，50)流过运动粘度计之毛细管所需要的时间秒，然后乘以该粘度计之标定常数即得该试样粘度cSt。运动粘度的优点是样品用量小，测试速度快，更主要是准确度大大高于其它测定法(雷氏、赛氏等)，因此应用日趋普遍。动力粘度是面积各为1厘米2并相距1厘米的两层液体，当其中一层以1厘米/秒的速度与另一层液体作相对运动时所产生的内摩擦力，单位泊(Poise)，其百分之一即厘泊(CP)。赛氏粘度(SAYBOLT VISCOSITY)是一定量的试样，在规定温度(如100OF，122 OF或210 OF)下，从赛氏粘度计流出的60毫升所需要的时间，单位秒。赛氏粘度有赛氏通用粘度(Saybolt Universal ，常用SSU表示)及赛氏重油粘度(Saybolt Furol ，常用SSF表示)之分，两种粘度计的差别主要在于试样流出孔的口径上，赛氏通用粘度计之孔口径较小，重油粘度计较大。一般当以赛氏通用粘度计测得之流出时间超过2000秒时，则改用赛氏重油粘度计。数值上SSF约等于SSU的十倍。赛氏粘度在美国等地被广泛采用。雷氏粘度(REDWOOD VISCOSITY)是一定量的试样在规定温度(100OF)下，从雷氏粘度计流出50毫升所需要的时间，单位(秒)。雷氏粘度分雷氏1号，Redwood No.1(简写RW)及雷氏2号，Redwood NO.2 (简写RW)。当测得的RW超过2000秒时，改用RW测定。数值上RW等于RW的10倍。雷氏粘度在英国被广泛应用，由于规定之准确度较差，已逐步被运动粘度(Kinemetic Viscosity)所取代。厘斯(cst)赛氏粘度单位(sus)恩氏粘度单位E雷氏一号(秒)厘斯(cst)赛氏粘度单位(sus)恩氏粘度单位E雷氏一号(秒)1.992.492.993.493.994.494.985.485.986.486.987.467.978.478.979.477.9710.4810.9711.4611.9612.4712.9613.4613.9614.4514.9515.4615.9516.4516.9517.4317.9418.4318.9419.9420.9321.9222.9223.9024.9025.9226.9227.9028.9029.9030.9031.9032.9033.9034.8835.8836.8837.8838.8839.8840.8841.8642.8643.8632.634.436.037.639.140.742.343.945.547.148.750.352.053.755.457.158.860.662.364.165.967.869.671.573.475.377.279.281.183.185.187.189.291.293.397.5101.7106.0110.3114.6118.9123.3127.7132.1136.5140.9145.3149.7154.2158.7163.2167.7172.2176.7181.2185.7190.2194.7199.2203.81.1401.1821.2241.2661.3081.3501.4001.4411.4811.5211.5631.6651.6531.7001.7641.7911.8371.8821.9281.9732.0202.0702.1202.1702.2202.2702.3232.3782.4342.4902.5402.5902.6442.7002.7552.8702.9843.1603.2153.3353.4553.5753.6953.8203.9454.0704.1594.3204.4454.5704.6954.8254.9955.0805.2055.3355.4655.5905.7205.84530.3531.6032.8534.1535.4336.6838.0139.3240.6141.6943.3044.6446.0747.4748.9650.3151.7653.3054.8056.3957.9459.4961.0062.7464.3966.0567.7569.4971.2072.9074.4976.4578.1797.9781.7885.4789.2692.9796.77100.50104.30108.20112.0115.9119.80123.80127.70131.70135.60139.50143.50147.40151.40155.40159.40163.40167.40171.40175.40179.4044.8645.8546.8547.8548.8449.8451.8453.8355.8257.8259.8061.8063.8065.8067.7869.7871.7673.7875.7677.7679.7581.7383.7485.7287.7389.7291.7093.7195.6897.7099.71109.60119.60129.60139.60149.50159.50169.40179.50189.40199.40249.20299.00348.90398.70448.50498.40548598648698798897997109711961396159517941994208.4213.0217.6222.2226.8231.4240.6249.8259.0268.2277.4286.6295.8305.0314.2323.4332.6341.9351.1360.4369.6378.8388.1397.3406.6415.8425.0434.3443.5452.8462.0508.2554.4600.6648.8693.0739.278583287892411551386161718482079231025412772300332343696415846205082554464687392831692405.9756.1056.2356.3656.4956.6306.8907.1067.3707.6337.8968.168.428.698.959.219.489.7410.0010.2610.5310.9711.0511.3211.5811.8412.1112.3712.6312.9013.1614.4815.7917.1118.4219.7421.0622.3723.6925.0026.3232.9039.4846.0652.6459.2265.8072.3878.9685.5492.12105.30118.40131.6144.80157.90184.20210.60236.90263.2183.5187.5191.5195.6199.5203.6211.16219.6227.0235.8243.9251.9260.0268.1276.2284.32