外语翻译(电动飞行器).doc

Talk about car chassis design conceptChassis design and development The key lies in the chassis design considering to meet the targets of vehicle performance, the basic performance of the car should have can be summarized as the power and economy performance, stability, braking performance, comfort, safety and durability. configurantion design of chassis engineering general said, including front and rear suspension, steering system, braking system and wheel. Vehicle performance is directly related to the system of braking performance, operation stability and smoothness. Chassis suspension parts itself should be strong enough, and its design is directly impact force size frame body, and the chassis design and durability of. For example, the chassis design projects and other design projects closely combined, on both sides of the front longitudinal beam position, vehicle length width has certain requirements.The configuration and function of chassis components Composed of automobile chassis consists of four parts, namely, powertrains, braking system, steering system and suspension system. From vehicle dynamics point of view, the car straight driving and braking belongs to car in longitudinal motion, riding comfort is mainly in the vertical and pitching direction control, and to involve car lateral, yawing and roll movement. Generally, is ideal for evaluation of a model, the main evaluation index including good power performance, low fuel consumption, low emissions, good braking performance, comfort, no vibration noise interference, steering and lane changing smoothly. Dynamic assembly and brake system Related parts have a powertrains engine, exhaust system, gearbox, drive shaft, differential, axle, wheel and brake assembly. 4 x4 and differential device, heavy trucks and military vehicles and six drive, to increase the driving force, many differential will differential lock, it is used to prevent the wheels because of the different friction between the left and right sides of the wheel and the ground wheel skid unit, differential device can also be locked to prevent the slippage of the bridge before and after the wheel friction is different. Additional, powertrains and electronically controlled brake system are made, which include various basic control of the engine, such as ignition timing, fuel injection quantity and to reduce the emissions of all relevant control. Now more and more cars assembled electronic stability system, used to reduce the wheel skid to ensure the stability of driving. At present the most advanced ESP system can provide different for each wheel driving or braking torque, in order to provide excellent operating steady performance. Moreover, coach or heavy truck brake system can also be (no) passenger car assembly retarder, it is to rely on electromagnetic or turbine hydraulic transmission function to reduce the shaft speed reduction of auxiliary vehicles. Suspension system Passenger car or commercial vehicle suspension before and after the suspension before and after each wheel edge has a spring and damper, passenger cars or heavy truck suspension in left and right sides of the spring and shock absorber of two groups, that is, ride comfort and related components. Spring coil spring, leaf spring, gas spring, torsion bar, etc. Different types. Spring of comfort with the help of the concept is the same as the cushion effect of spring bed, shock absorber is to provide special reduce the impact of high-frequency vibration damping. Used to restrict the spring suspension before and after the range of the buffer for is in the wheel jumping up and down the block can be allowed by the end of the trip in order to increase the spring stiffness in order to avoid collision of metal parts, some inside the buffer block in shock absorber design, buffer block most of the material is alloy material. Said powertrains parts are fixed on the car in front of the beam, vice frame or frames, belong to the spring quality, fixed method with different spring and shock absorber. Suspension is the basic concept of design with a pull rod, the swing arm and the combination of structural backbone of the appropriate under various driving conditions by applying load on the tire ground support, which is for the three direction of wheel, i.e. vertical, longitudinal and lateral belongs to a total of six degrees of freedom linear and rotational direction of force and moment should have good support. Suspension design in addition to meet the force and moment balance, but also pay attention to the selected connection position hard points, because they are operating stability. In addition to the front when it comes to the front and rear suspension coil spring and air spring, do not underestimate the function of the stabilizer bar. It a shape is distorted by the loads connected to the right wheel rod structure, body tilt, coil spring, and limited ability to resist lateral tilt of the stabilizer bar accessory adds a vehicle dynamic performance and optimize the design of the performance parameters. Prospective car design concept is the stiffness and damping of shock absorber springs and stabilizer bar can use electric adjustment, thus both the vehicles comfort and vehicle steering needed good responsiveness. Steering system Steering system consists of steering wheel, steering assembly machine, tie rod, a steering arm, steering knuckle, steering booster. Passenger cars, trucks, passenger cars, steering rod combination is different, but same design concept. Wheel rotation is through the rotation of the steering wheel steering machine push tie rod in linear moving left and right to push around the turning of the wheel are connected to the steering knuckle arm, this group of connecting rod design can make the inside of the wheel rotation Angle larger than the outer wheel, in order to try to close to the inside and outside wheels in the same radius of circle is different two arc tangent to scroll in order to reduce tire wear, two wheel turning radius difference is the length of the front wheel track vehicle. If the cars steering only depends on the steering wheel rotation to drive wheels rotating mechanical movement are all simple, only problem is that the institutions outside of the steering wheel in different driving conditions forced car front and rear wheels to small rotation, small rotation, like this is difficult to grasp accurately and as a result, the steering system affects the stability of the vehicle. Automobile chassis design concept, therefore, how to design the car understeer, that also can say the operation stability of automobile design considerations, the emphasis lies in this. In addition to hard to reach an understeer, design and steering performance related to consider a lot, for example when steering at low speed is arduous, it has to do with steering booster in the system. In addition, should be concerned about a problem is the steering wheel is back, it involves the kingpin inclination Angle and kingpin caster Angle and wheel base, tire sizes match, the most important thing is that four wheels toe Angle and camber Angle changes in the driving range as far as possible control near the ideal of zero. 谈汽车底盘设计理念底盘的设计和开发底盘设计考虑的关键在于满足整车性能的各项指标，汽车应具备的基本性能可概括为动力性、经济性、稳定性、制动性、平顺性、安全性和耐久性。一般所说的底盘工程包括前后悬架、转向系、制动系和车轮的设计配置。与这些系统直接相关的整车性能有制动性、操稳性和平顺性。底盘的悬架部件本身要足够牢固，而其设计是否到位直接影响车架车身的受力大小，同时底盘设计也和耐久性有关。底盘设计的项目要和其他设计项目密切组合，比如，对车前方两侧纵梁的长度宽度位置都有一定的要求。底盘部件的配置和功能汽车底盘的组成包括四部分，即动力系、制动系、转向系和悬架系统。从车辆动力学观点看，汽车的直线行驶和制动属于车在纵向的运动，乘坐舒适性主要是车在垂直及俯仰方向运动的控制，而转向则涉及车的侧向，横摆和侧倾运动。概括而言，评价一款车型是否理想，主要的评价指标包括动力性好、油耗低、排放低、制动性能完善、乘坐舒适、没有噪声振动的干扰、转向和换道平稳。动力总成及制动系有关的零部件有动力总成所属的发动机、进排气系统、变速器、传动轴、差速器、车桥、车轮及制动系总成。4驱还有分速器，重型卡车和军车还有6驱的，为增加驱动力，许多差速器还会装差速器锁，它是用来防止车轮因为左右两侧轮子和地面间摩擦力不同而发生车轮打滑的装置，分速器也可加锁来防止前后桥的车轮摩擦力不同打滑。另外，动力系和制动系都由电控，前者包括发动机的各种基本控制，如点火时间、喷油量以及为了降低排放的种种相关控制。现在越来越多的车型装配电子稳定系统，用来减少车轮打滑以保证行车稳定性。目前最先进的ESP系统可针对每个车轮提供不同的驱动或制动力矩，以提供优良的操稳性能。此外，客车或重型卡车的制动系统中还可以装配缓速器（乘用车没有），它是靠电磁或涡轮液压吸收传动系的功能来降低传动轴速度辅助车辆进行减速。悬架系统乘用车前后悬或商用车前后悬的每个车轮边有一套弹簧及减振器，客车或重型卡车的后悬在左右两侧各有2组弹簧及减振器，这都是与乘坐舒适性相关的部件。弹簧有螺簧、板簧、气弹簧、扭力杆等不同类型。弹簧对舒适性的帮助理念和弹簧床的软垫作用相同，减振器则是为了提供阻尼专门降低车轮发生的冲击高频振动。前后悬用来限制弹簧最大行程的缓冲块可以想作是在车轮上下跳动所允许的行程