专业英语期末考试复习.doc

计算机专业英语复习一、 词汇部分1. information technology （IT）；信息技术2. mainframe computer；大型机3. random access memory （RAM）；随机访问存储器4. system software；系统软件5. application software；应用软件6. operating system （OS）；操作系统7. output device；输出设备8. browser；浏览器9. database management system （DBMS）；数据库管理系统10. home page；主页11. Hypertext Markup Language （HTML）；超文本标志语言12. Menu；菜单13. relational database；关系数据库14. uniform resource locator （URL）；统一资源定位15. Web site address；WWW站点地址16. Word processing；文字处理17. antivirus program；防病毒程序18. backup program；备用程序19. desktop operating system；桌面操作系统20. graphics user interface （GUI）；图形用户接口21. machine language；机器语言22. multitasking；多任务23. network server；网络服务器24. uninstall program；御载程序25. user interface；用户接口26. cache memory；高速缓冲存储器27. central processing unit （CPU）；中央处理器28. data bus；数据总线29. main board；主板30. parallel ports；并行端口31. Plug and Play；即插即用32. read-only memory；只读存储器33. reduced instruction set computer （RISC）；精简指令集34. universal serial bus （USB） port；通用串行总线端口35. virtual memory；虚拟存储器36. ink-jet printer；喷墨打印机37. liquid crystal display monitor （LCD）；液晶显示器38. optical mouse；光学鼠标39. plotter；绘图仪40. touch screen；触摸屏41. access time；访问时间42. floppy disk；软盘43. erasable optical disks；可擦除光盘44. sector；扇区45. bandwidth；带宽46. dial-up service；拨号上网服务47. domain name system （DNS）；域名系统48. host computer；主机49. local area network （LAN）；局域网50. network gateway；网关51. 环型网 ring network；52. 分时系统 time-sharing system；53. 协议 protocol；54. 下载 downloading；55. 防火墙 firewall；56. 超链接 hyperlink；57. 企业内部网 intranet；58. 小型机 minicomputer；59. 计算机伦理 computer ethics；60. 加密 encrypting；61. 历史文件 history file；62. 口令 password；63. 软件盗版 software piracy；64. 计算机病毒 computer virus；65. 搜索引擎 search engines；66. 远程登录 Telnet；67. 文件传输协议 file transfer protocol （FTP）；68. 结构查询语言structured query language （SQL）；69. 城域网 metropolitan area network （MAN）；70. 扫描仪 scanner；71. 硬件 hardware；72. 微机 microcomputer；73. 虚拟存储器 virtual memory；74. 磁盘驱动器 disk driver；75. 只读存储器 read-only memory；76. 基本输入/输出系统 basic input/output system（BIOS）；77. 二进制文件 binary file；78. 出错信息 error message；79. 根目录 root directory；80. 数据压缩 data compression；81. 容量 capacity；82. 附件程序 accessory program；83. 调制解调器 modem；84. 电子表格 spreadsheet；85. 应用图标 application icon；86. 赋值语句 assignment statement；87. 对话框 dialog box；88. 网络驱动器 network drive；89. 多媒体 multimedia；90. 计算机辅助软件工程 Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE)；91. 信息高速公路 information superhighway；92. 人工智能 Artificial Intelligence （AI）；93. 范例 paradigm；94. 模块化 modularity；95. 面向对象程序设计 object oriented programming；96. 终端用户 end user；97. 函数 function;98. 实时系统 real-time system；99. 定位设备 pointing device；100. 互连网 internet.二、选择部分1. The C consists of the equipment: keyboard, mouse, monitor, system unit and other devices. A people; B procedures; C hardware; D information2. The most important system software program is the C . A word processor; B database management system; C operating system; D information system3. The largest network in the world is called the A . A Internet; B WWW; C World Wide Web; D MAN; E Intranet4. Web site addresses are also called D . A HTML; B hyperlinks; C home pages; D URLs5. In a relational database, data is organized into B . A fields; B tables; C columns; D rows; E records6. Database management systems are comprised of tables that are made up of rows called and columns called C . A fields, records; B ranges, sheets; C records, fields; D records, ranges; E addresses, fields7. The file an object is linked from is called the D . A destination file; B support file; C origin file; D source file; E layout file8. Language translators convert human language into A . A machine language; B UNIX; C service programs; D operating systems9. The A operating system is designed to run on Intel and Intel-compatible microprocessors. A Windows; B Mac OS; C UNIX; D Sherlock; E Norton10. To remove unneeded programs and related files from a hard disk you would use a E . A backup program; B trouble-shooting program; C file compression program; D antivirus program; E uninstall program11. D is a Windows program that locates and eliminates unnecessary fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize operations. A Disk Cleanup; B Active Desktop; C Sherlock; D Disk Defragmenter; E Resource Locator12. ASCII, EBCDIC and Unicode are examples of D . A two-state systems; B adapter cards; C integrated circuits; D binary coding schemes13. Rom is a type of D . A semiconductor; B network; C slot; D firmware; E adapter14. A(n) D , also called a data bus, connects the parts of the CPU together. A adapter card; B ISA; C parallel port; D bus line; E serial port15. A(n) D mouse emits and senses light to detect movement. A mechanical; B pointer; C cordless; D optical; E wireless16. Speakers and headphones are the most widely used E devices. A audio-input; B multifunctional; C audio; D personal; E audio-output17. A is permanent storage used to preserve data and programs. A Internal storage; B file compression; C Volatile storage; D Read-only memory18. Before a disk without tracks and sectors can be used for storage, it must be B . A opened; B initialized; C compressed; D scanned; E expanded19. An internal hard disk is also known as a E because it is located inside the system unit. A hard-disk pack; B removable disk; C PC Card hard disk;D hard disk cartridge; E fixed disk20. In D , bits flow in a series or continuous stream. A parallel data transmission; B half-duplex communication; C packets; D serial data transmission; E simplex communication21. Every computer on the Internet had a unique numeric address called a(n) E . A packet; B bandwidth; C RS-232C connector; D network bridge; E IP address22. The standard protocol for the Internet is A . A TCP/IP; B DSL; C OSI; D NOS; E RS-232C23 C controls and coordinates the activities of all computers and devices on a network. A TCP/IP; B OSI; C NOS; D DNS24 The Internet was launched in 1969 when the U.S. funded a project to develop a national computer network called A . A ARPANET; B the Web; C CERN; D IRC; E WWW25. C are programs that are automatically loaded and operate as a part of your browser. A Add-ins; B Utilities; C Plug-ins; D Providers; E Helpers26. The ethical issue that concerns the collection and use of data about individuals is A . A privacy; B access; C accuracy; D ethics; E property27. The largest category of computer criminals is D . A crackers; B organized criminals; C hackers; D employees; E agents28. Environmentally friendly system units, display, and manufacturing are the basic elements of the C . A Energy Star; B Millennium Plan; C Green PC; D EarthTech Program; E Standard System29. C is concerned with fitting the job to the worker rather than forcing the worker to contort to fit a job. A Human Resources; B RSI; C Ergonomics; D An HMO; E Energy Star30. In a directory or C search, you select a category that fits the information you want. A packet; B specialized; C keyword; D subject; E index三、搭配题 基本内容从chapter1chapter5的Matching部分选。四、翻译部分1. Almost all application software packages have menus to present commands. Typically, menus are displayed in a menu bar at the top of the screen. When one of the menu items is selected, a pull-down menu appears. This is a list of options or commands associated with the selected menu.For most application software, one of the commands on the menu bar is Help. The Help menu options typically provide access to a variety of Help feature. The first option commonly allows access to a table of contents, a keyword index and a search features to help you locate the information you need.Toolbars typically are below the menu bar. They contain buttons and menus that provide quick access to commonly used commands.几乎所有应用软件都有菜单显示命令，典型的菜单位于屏幕上方，当其中一个菜单被选中，就出现一个下拉菜单，下拉菜单是一个命令的列表，列表与选择的菜单相关联。对于大多数应用软件，都有一个菜单是帮助菜单，帮助菜单提供帮助，第一选允许你访问一个内容的集合，关键索引和搜索选项帮助你查打所需要的信息。工具条位于菜单的下方，他们包括按钮和菜单。2. A database is a collection of related data. A database management system (DBMS) or database manager is a program that sets up, or structures, a database, such as an inventory of supplies or a list of employees. It also provides tools to enter, edit, and retrieve data from the database. Database managers are used by all kinds of people, from teachers to police officers. The relational database is the most widely used database structure. Data is organized into related tables. Each table is made up of rows called records and columns called fields. Each record contains fields of data about some specific item. For example, in a table containing information on employees, a record would contain fields of data such as a persons last name, first name, and street address. 一个数据库实际是一些数据的集合，数据库管理系统是一个程序建立一个框架，比如供应商的清单或雇员表单，同时也提供一种输入、编辑、简索。数据库管理系统所有人都可以用从教师到警官。 关系数据库是应用最广泛的数据结构，数据被组织成关系表格，行叫记录，列叫做字段，每条记录包括数据一些特性的字段。比如：在雇员表格中包含一些姓名、家庭地址。3. Random-access memory (RAM) chips hold the program and data that the CPU is presently processing. That is, it s temporary or volatile storage. Secondary storage, which we shall describe in following Chapter, is permanent storage, such as the data stored on diskettes. Data from this kind of storage must be loaded into RAM before it can be used.随机访问存储器只能存储数据，是一个临时存储设备。辅助存储器将在下一章中讲到，它是一个永久存储器如数据存储在磁盘中，数据被用之前必须先装入RAM再用。 RAM is called temporary because as soon as the microcomputer is turned off, everything in RAM is lost. It is also lost if there is a power failure that disrupts the electric current going to the microcomputer. For this reason, as we mentioned earlier, it is a good idea to save your work in progress. That is, if you are working on a document or a spreadsheet, every few minutes you should save, or store, the material. RAM之所以叫做临时的，如把电源关掉，引起RAM中数据丢失。因我们前面提到的这个原因，最好在运行中把相关程序存下来，当您运行一个文档时，每几分钟你把材料保存下来。4. File compression and file decompression increase storage capacity by reducing the amount of space required to story data and programs. File compression is not limited to hard-disk systems. It is frequently used to compress files on floppy disks as well. File compression also helps to speed up transmission of files from one computer system to another. Sending and Receiving compressed files across the Internet is a common activity.文件的压缩与解压缩是减少存储文件和程序的空间增加容量。文件的压缩不仅可用于硬盘压缩，也可用软盘压缩。文件压缩使从一个文件系统到另一个系统的传输速度提高。在INT上不管是接受还是传输文件，都是很频繁的活动。Special file compression programs scan files for ways to reduce the amount of required storage. One way is to search for repeating patterns. The repeating patterns are replaced with a token, leaving enough so that the original can be rebuilt or decompressed.文件压缩程序扫描文件以减少所需容量，一种方面是搜查重复的。重复的将被解压缩，使原始文件解压。5. Browsers are programs that provide access to Web resources. This software connects you to remote computers, opens and transfers files, displays text and images, and provides in one tools an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and Web documents. Two well-known browsers are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explore.浏览器是一种提供WEB资源的程序，这个软件管理计算机，打开和转换文件，显示转换图画，所提供的一种不太复杂的接口访问文档。最著名的两个浏览器是NN和INT。 For browsers to connect to other resources, the location or address of the resource must be specified. These addresses are called uniform resource locators (URLs). All URLs have at least two basic parts. The first part presents the protocol used to connect to the resource. The second part presents the domain name or the name of the server where the resource is located. 浏览其他资源，其资源的地址和位置必须是特定的。这些地址被称为统一资源定位。所有的URL有两个基本方面，首要一方面是用来联接资源的协议。另一方面是所在服务器的名字。6. In a Keyword search, you enter a keyword or phrase reflecting the information you want. The search engine compares your entry against its database and returns a list of hits or sites that contain the keywords. Each hit includes a hyperlink to the referenced Web page (or other resource) along with a brief discussion of the information contained at that location. Many searches result in a large number of hits. For example, if you were to enter the keyword travel, you would get over a thousand hits. Search engines order the hits according to those sites that most likely contain the information requested and present the list