The Olympic Games上课.doc

Olympic GamesMilestone1. June 23, 1894, the International Olympic Committee(IOC) was founded in Paris.2. April 6, the first Modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece.3. November 26, 1979, Chinese Olympic Committee resumed its legal seat in the IOC.4. July29,1984, Chinese athlete won the first Olympic gold medal. Who? And in which programme ?Shooting 射击 Mens 50m Pistol 男子50米手枪 男子慢射 Air Pistol气手枪 Rapid Fire Pistol手枪速射Air Rifle气步枪 5. September 23,1993,Beijing lost its bidding for the 2000 Olympics by two votes6. July 13, 2001,the IOC chose Beijing as the host city of the 2008 Olympic Games.7. August 8,2008, the 29 Olympic Games was held in Beijing.I. Ancient Olympic Games and Pierre de CoubertinOlympic Games, Olympics (Games of the Olympiad奥林匹克周期), The term “Olympiad” designates a period of four successive years. The Olympiad begins with the opening of one edition of the Games of the Olympicad and ends with the opening of the following edition. 1. Ancient Olympic Games古代奥林匹克运动会Q：1. whats the purpose of the Ancient Olympic Games?2 Whats the cause of holding Ancient Olympic Games?3.Whats the meaning of “put ones hometown on the map”The history of the Ancient Olympic Games can be traced back over 3,000 years to ancient Greece. While celebrating physical excellence, they were mainly held for religious purposes. In 884 BC, the king of Elis reached a treaty with the kings of several other city states to hold regular athletic contests and to fulfill the sacred truce. That meant to cease fire in the Greek world for as long as the games were on. The Hellenic Olympic Games came into being soon afterwards. But Why were the games held at Olympia? Because Olympia was one of the oldest religious centers in ancient Greece. Since athletic contests were regarded by the ancient Greeks as a way to show their respects to their gods, especially Zeus, they chose Olympia, the site of the major temple, as the venue for the Games. The first recorded games were held in 776 BC. After that, they were held once every four years during the second or the third full moon after the summer solstice (in July or August). During their peak time in the fifth century BC, they games would last for five days. Just like in the Modern Olympic Games, winning athletes in the Ancient Olympic Games were regarded as heroes who put their hometowns on the map. However, only male citizens who spoke Greek and had not been convicted of any crime could compete in the games at that time. Athletes also had to meet other criteria. They were required to swear in front of the God. In addition, they had to receive ten months training before coming to Olympia. They also had to train for one month at the training site under the supervision of the judge. The games were held only at Olympia and did not move around to different places like nowadays. When the Romans incorporated the Greek mainland into their territory, the glory of ancient Olympic years came to an end. However, the Games continued to be celebrated until banned in 393 AD by the Roman Emperor for religious reasons. Later invaders pillaged the site of Olympia and finally, in the fourth century AD, earthquakes and floods covered the area. The site remained virtually undisturbed until 1875 when excavations uncovered the site which gave rise to the revival of the Games.What are the sports programmes in the following pictures?古奥运会的创始人： the king of ElisIphitus 伊菲图斯第一个有记载的古奥运会冠军the earliest recorded winner a chef Coroebus奖励方式-there were no cash prizes or prizes in goods, but only a simple wreath of wild olive.参赛资格 Women were not entitled to take part, except as owners in the horse races, while being strictly prohibited from watching the games.古奥运会的“裸体竞技”- the word “gymnasium” comes from the greek root “gymnos” meaning nude; in ancient times, athletes performed naked at the Olympic Games. Women were not allowed to participate or even to attend. 奥林匹克精神- the Olympic spirit requires mutual understanding with a spirit of friendship, solidarity and fair play. 奥林匹克格言Citius, Altius, Fortius, Faster(Swifter), Higher, Stronger 奥林匹克信条Olympic Creed“The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph, but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered, but to have fought well”Olympic Charter 奥林匹克宪章- is the official constitution of the Olympic Movement. II. Father of the Modern Olympic Games: Pierre de Coubertin Q: What is Pierre de Coubertins contribution to the Modern Olympic Games according to the passage? The Olympic Games owes its revival almost entirely to the French aristocrat Pierre de Coubertin who is honored as the father of the Modern Olympic Games. Born in Paris in 1863, de Coubertin had a wide range of sporting interests, including fencing, rowing, boxing and cycling. As an educator, he had a strong belief in the importance of sports for the development of the individual. In 1892, at eh age of 29, de Coubertin began his campaign for the revival of the Olympics. He felt that a great deal could be gained by bringing together the youth of the world in a friendly competition like the Olympics. He also regarded the Games as an effective channel for the promotion of the world peace. His single-minded efforts paid off. After overcoming a lot of obstacles, the International Olympic Committee(IOC) was founded on June 23,1894 in Paris. At its first conference, de Coubertin defined the concept of Olympism, drafted the first IOC charter and established the structure of Olympic Movement. His remarkable contribution led to the first Modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896. Each Olympic Games sees the interpretation of de Coubertin ideas under specific historical conditions. He served as president of IOC from 1896-1925, During this period the member countries of IOC increased from 14-45. Pierre de Coubertin died in Geneva in 1937. But he continues to be remembered as the father of the Modern Olympic Games. According to his wishes, his body was buried in Laussane, in Switzerland, the headquarters of the IOC, and his heart was buried under the Olympia Mountain, overlooking the site of the Ancient Olympics. Ode to Sport(extract) Pierre de CoubertinO Sport, delight of the Gods, distillation of lift! emulationTo the mountain tops came dawns first glimmer, and sunbeams dappled the forests gloomy floor.O Sport, you are Beauty! You - the architect of this house, the human body, which may become object of sublime according as to whether it is defiled by base passions or enriched with wholesome endeavor.O Sport, you are Progress! To serve you well, man must better himself in body and in soul.O Sport, you are Peace! You forge happy bonds between the peoples by drawing them together in reverence for strength which is controlled, organised and self-disciplined. Through you the young of all the world learn to respect one another, and thus the diversity of national traits becomes a source of generous and peaceful.啊，体育，天神的欢娱，生命的动力。你像高山之巅出现的晨曦，照亮了昏暗的大地。啊，体育，你就是美丽！你塑造的人体，变得高尚还是卑鄙，要看它是被可耻的欲望引向堕落，还是由健康的力量悉心培育。啊，体育，你就是进步！为人类的日新月异，身体和精神的改善要同时抓起啊，体育，你就是和平！你在各民族间建立愉快的联系。你在有节制、有组织、有技艺的体力较量中产生，使全世界的青年学会相互尊重和学习，使不同民族特质成为高尚而和平竞争的动力。 Ode to Sport Pierre de Coubertin O Sport, delight of the Gods, distillation of lift! In the grey dingle of modern existence, restless with barren toil, you suddently appeared like the shining messenger of vanished ages, those ages when humanity could smile. And to the mountain tops came dawns first glimmer, and sunbeams dappled the forests gloomy floor. O Sport, you are Beauty! You - the architect of this house, the human body, which may become object of sublime according as to whether it is defiled by base passions or cherished with wholesome endeavour. There can be no beauty without poise and proportion, and you are the incomparable master of both, for you create harmony, you fill movement with rhythm, you make strength gracious, and you lend power to supple things. O Sport, you are Justice! The perfect fairness which men seek in vain in their social institutions rises around you of its own accord. No man can surpass by one centimetre the height he can jump of the time for which he can run. His combined strength of body and mind alone set the bounds to his success. O Sport, you are Daring! The whole meaning of muscular effort lies in one word - to dare. What good are muscles, what good is it to feel nimble and strong and to train ones nimbleness and strength if not to dare? But the daring you inspire is far from the rashness which impels the gambler to stake his all on a throw. It is a prudent and considered daring. O Sport, you are Honour! The titles you bestow are worthless save if won in absolute fairness and perfect unselfishness. Whoever succeeds in deceiving his fellows by some ignoble trick, suffers the shame of it in the depths of himself and dreads the dishonourable epithet which will be coupled with his name if the fraud from which he prospers should come to light. O Sport, you are Joy! At your call the flesh makes holiday and the eyes smile; the blood flows free and strong in the arteries. Thoughts horizon grows lighter and more clear. Even to the griefstricken you can bring a healing distraction from their sorrows, while you enable the happy to taste the joy of living to the full. O Sport, you are Fecundity! You tend by straight and noble paths towards a more perfect race, blasting the seeds of sickness and righting the flaws which threaten its needful soundness. And you quicken within the athlete the wish to see growing about him brisk and sturdy sons to follow him in the arena and in their turn bear off joyous laurels. O Sport, you are Progress! To serve you well, man must better himself in body and in soul. You enjoin him to observe a loftier hygiene; you require him refrain from all excess. You teach him wise rules which will give his effort the maximum intensity without impairing the balance of his health. O Sport, you are Peace! You forge happy bonds between the peoples by drawing them together in reverence for strength which is controlled, organised and self-disciplined. Through you the young of all the world learn to respect one another, and thus the diversity of national traits becomes a source of generous and peaceful emulation.体育颂作者:法皮埃尔.德.顾拜旦啊，体育，天神的欢娱，生命的动力。你猝然降临在灰蒙蒙的林间空地，受难者，激动不已。你像是容光焕发的使者，向暮年人微笑致意。你像高山之巅出现的晨曦，照亮了昏暗的大地。 啊，体育，你就是美丽！你塑造的人体，变得高尚还是卑鄙，要看它是被可耻的欲望引向堕落，还是由健康的力量悉心培育。没有匀称协调，便谈不上什么美丽。你的作用无与伦比，可使二者和谐统一；可使人体运动富有节律；使动作变得优美，柔中含有刚毅。 啊，体育，你就是正义！你体现了社会生活中追求不到的公平合理。任何人不可超过速度一分一秒，逾越高度一分一厘。取得成功的关键，只能是体力与精神融为一体。 啊，体育，你就是空气！肌肉用力的全部含义是敢于搏击。若不为此，敏捷、强健有何用？肌肉发达有何益？我们所说的勇敢，不是冒险家押上全部赌注似的蛮干，而是经过慎重的深思熟虑。 啊，体育，你就是荣誉！荣誉的赢得要公正无私，反之便毫无意义。有人要弄见不得人的诡计，以此达到欺骗同伴的目的。他内心深处却受着耻辱的纹缢。有朝一日被人识破，就会落得名声扫地。 啊，体育，你就是乐趣！想起你，内心充满欢喜，血液循环加剧，思路更加开阔，条理愈加清晰。你可使忧伤的人散心解闷，你可使快乐的人生活更加甜蜜。 啊，体育，你就是培育人类的沃地！你通过最直接的途径，增强民族体质，矫正畸形躯体；防病患于未然，使运动员得到启迪；希望后代长得茁壮有力，继往开来，夺取桂冠的胜利。 啊，体育，你就是进步！为人类的日新月异，身体和精神的改善要同时抓起。你规定良好的生活习惯，要求人们对过度行为引起警惕。你告诫人们遵守规则，发挥人类最大能力而又无损健康的肌体。 啊，体育，你就是和平！你在各民族间建立愉快的联系。你在有节制、有组织、有技艺的体力较量中产生，使全世界的青年学会相互尊重和学习，使不同民族特质成为高尚而和平竞争的动力。Olympic Symbol 奥林匹克运动的标志 Olympic Logo, Olympic ringsThe Olympic Symbol consists of the five Olympic rings used alone, in one or in several colors. The five colors of the rings are mandatorily blue, yellow, black, green and red. The rings are interlaced from left to right. The blue, black and red rings are situated at the top, the yellow and green rings at the bottom. The Olympic symbol represents the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games. Yellow represents Asia,Black represents AfricaBlue represents EuropeRed represents AmericaGreen represents Oceania若是七大洲的话,则美洲分为North America and South America,另加上南极洲Antarctica太平洋 Pacific Ocean 大西洋 Atlantic Ocean 北冰洋 Arctic Ocean 印度洋 Indian OceanOlympic flag 奥林匹克旗， 五环旗The Olympic flag has a white background with no border. In its center is located the Olympic symbol in its five colors. Its design and proportion shall be shoes of the flag presented by Pierre de Coubertin at the Paris Congress in 1914. Olympic emblem 奥利匹克徽记An Olympic emblem is an integrated design associating the Olympic rings with another distinctive element. The design of any Olympic emblem shall be submitted to the IOC Executive Board for its approval Such approval is a prerequisite to any use of the emblem.。Olympic flame, Olympic torch 奥利匹克圣火，奥利匹克火炬Greek mythology tells the story of Prometheus, who stole sacred fire from the gods on Mount Olympus and gave it to humankind opening the way to civilization. The ancient Greeks paid tribute to Prometheus and to the purifying power of the fire by using torches during religious ceremonies and by keeping a sacred fire buring in certain temples. During the Games in Olympia, a flame burned on the altar of the goddess of Hera, wife of Zeus and queen of the Greek gods. Nowadays the lighting of the Olympic Flame is carried out during a solemn ceremony which takes place every two years in the ancient Olympic stadium in Olympia, in the Peloponnese region in Greece. The first Olympic Torch Relay was organized for the opening of the XI th Olympiad in Berlin in 1936. On its journey from Olympia in Greece to the Olympic Stadium in Berlin the flame was carried by nearly 3000 runners. The Olympic Torch Relay2000, Sydney - the Olympic torch underwater transmission奥林匹克主义OlympismQ: whats your comprehension of Olympism?Vocabulary Arena n.竞技场 领域，界a sports arena.运动竞技场。arena of politics政治舞台, 政界the literary arena文学界exalt vt raise to a higher rank or a position of greater power 提升romanticism liberated the imagination and exalted the emotions.浪漫主义解放了人的想象力，提升了人的情感。At the service of 为.服务With a view to 以.为目的Olympism is an important concept that draws together life and sport. It plays a strong rle in both amateur and professional arenas with its emphasis on values. As a global philosophy, Olympism was first described by Pierre de Coubertin, the father of the Modern Olympics at the International Athletic Congress of Paris in June 1894. Translate the following sentence:As described in the Olympic Charter, “Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced whole, the qualities of body, will and mind. Blending sport with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy found in effort, the educational value of good example and respect for universal fundamental ethical principle.”The goal of Olympism is to place sport everywhere at the service of the harmonious development of man, with a view to encouraging the establishment of a peaceful society concerned with the preservation of human dignity. Olympism is a word foreign to most of us but eh concept is familiar. You do not have to be an Olympic athlete to have Olympis. Olympism is about the pride in yourself gained through the glory of participation and the quest for achievement. The five ideals that should guide your life are embodied in the concept of Olympism:vision, focus, commitment, persistence and discipline. Olympism is being the best you can be to build self-confidence, self-esteem, personal effectiveness and the spirit of adventure. 奥林匹克运动The Olympic Movement was revived by Pieere de Coubertin through the re-establishment of the Olympic Games and the foundation of the IOC in 1894. It is based on the Greek philosophy that competitive sport is not just about developing a healthy body and providing entertainment , but also about education. It is the classic concept of a healthy mind in a healthy body . De Coubertins aim was to ensure that sport played a vital role in the educational process and that this philosophy would be applied globally. The Olympic Movement promotes the philosophy that sport can teach all of us about “fair play”by observing the rules of combat,treating the losers with honor and respecting the winners . This approach is full of noble sentiments that can be used in other aspects of life . The Olympic Movement is also a belief that sport can bresk down barriers of language,culture,nationality,age and sex and build bridges between people all over the world and promote world peace in the process. The primary source of of the Olympic Movement is the Olympic Games ,which is the most manifest activity of the International Olympic Committee(IOC). The Olympic Movement is also identified through its many other activities such as:Promotion of sport and competitions through international and national sports institutions all over the world;Cooperation with public and private organizations to place sport at the service of humanity;Encouragement of the development of “sport for all”Promotion of women in sport at all levels and structures to obtain equality between men and women;Opposition to any commercial abuse of sport and athletesLeading the fight against dopingPromotion of sports ethics and the spirit of fair play;Raising enviornmental consciousness;Financial and educational support for de