2007地大(北京)考博英语真题.docVIP

2007PART1. Imagine that you are on a train to ShanghaiIn the seats in front of you there are two foreigners，and you can hear their conversation. One of them is telling the other about his jobHe says what he does，not what he is or what field (profession or occupation)he is inOn your paper you see a list of the names of people in 60 different occupations or professionsAs you listen，decide what the speaker isThen find the correct word on the list and write the number beside it in the proper blank on your answer sheet.For instance，suppose you hear this：(Speaker P)“Well，I dont enjoy lecturing very much，especially to younger students，but I do love my researchId be so happy if I could spend every day in the lab with my graduate students and postdocsHowever, thats just not the way university departments operate”You decide that the speaker must be a professor，so you find“a professoron your listYou see that the number beside it is 61；you then write the number 61 in the blank beside P on your answer sheetBy the way，in reality there is no P and no 61，and “a professor” is not one of the choices on your listThis is just a theoretical example. You will now have three minutes to read the list.SILENCEAll right，now lets begin! 691 an accountant2 an actor3 an airline pilot4 an archeologist5 an astronomer6 a biologist 7 a chef 8 a civil engineer9 a concert pianist10 a construction worker11 a corporate executive12 a dentist13 a dietician14 a diplomat15 an electrician16 a fashion designer17 a film critic18 a film director 19 a flight attendant20 a florist21 a geologist22 a geophysicist23 a graphic designer24 a hairdresser25 a hardware engineer26 a hotel manager 27 a journalist28 a judge29 a lab technician30 a lawyer31 a librarian 32 a mathematician 33 a mechanic34 a mechanical engineer35 a military officer36 a novelist37 a nurse38 a paleontologist39 a press photographer40 a plumber 41 a poet 42 a police detective43 a police patrolman44 a pop singer45 a postman46 a private businessman47 a private detective 48 a psychiatrist49 a psychologist50 a publisher51 a radio announcer 52 a schoolteacher(primary)53 a schoolteacher(secondary)，54 a software engineer55 a store clerkshop assistant56 a surgeon 57 a tax official 58 a travel agent59 a university student60 a vet PART2Each question in this part consists of one or more sentences in which four words or phrases are underlined. The four underlined parts are A, B, C or D. Decide which one of the four parts is not good English. Then write the letter found under that part in the proper space on your answer sheet.If the four underlined parts are all good English and there is no error in the sentence，then write E in the space on your answer sheetREMEMBER! You always have FIVE possible choices：A，B，C，D or E(=no error)1 A wide range of new sports facility has been built all around Beijing for the 2008 Olympics.A B CSeveral of the new structures are not far from this campus D2 I am pretty sure you will like the university where you will be doing research in A BCanadaHowever，it has one significant drawback：you will find that there isnt much housing for Cgraduate students and visitors in the campus D3 When one of my roommates broke his leg during a basketball game，the doctor at the clinic said A Bthat he couldnt cure it，so we had to take him to the hospital five kilometres from here C D4 My brother let me help him repair his car over the weekendHe knows that Im not very A Bfamiliar with car engines，and I told him that I had other things to do，but he insisted that I give him a C Dhand.5 As a young man，John was fascinated by moviesHe would often see four or five films a week. A BHis interest in them waned in his late twenties，when he began_to spend a lot of time outdoors C D6 We cant do research in that area without getting the permission from the local authoritiesThey A Bhave control over these matters and could arrest us if we tried to work there without their consent C7 Its not easy for a Chinese passport holder to move around EuropeSome of the countries inside A BEU have open borders for travelers arriving from any other EU country, but some have an array of C Dspecial restrictions8 Most of our office furnitures are in poor condition and need replacingYesterday I sent a memo to A Bthe boss proposing that we redecorate at least the offices that visitors see. C D9 My family in Shenzhen is quite large and comfortable. It includes three bedrooms，a guestroom A Band a spacious living roomOn occasion we have put up as many as eight visitors there C D10 Completion of the new opera house next to the Peoples Great Hall is already more than two A Byears behind schedule. Have you read anything about what is holding the builders up?C D11 blew his stack yesterday because the massive traffic jam he got caught in on his way to the A Bairport made him to miss his planeThe next plane to Ulaan Baatar isnt until this evening C D12 Next month I am supposed to accompany a delegation to GermanIm happy to be going on the A B Ctrip，but I Wish I werent the only person in the group able to converse in English D13 Late last year government announced a large increase in the amount of money for scientific A Bresearch therefore it should be relatively easy for us to get funding for our next project C D14 Recently I shall travel to Shanghai for contract negotiationsIf everything goes as planned，I A B Cshould be back in Beijing by the end of the week D15 Im having terrible problems with the report that Ive been working on for the last three weeks， A B Cso I hope you would take a look at what Ive done so far and give me some suggestions D16 My surname is a very common one in North China，and I have ever been in a class of forty A Bstudents in which six other people had the same surnameq ! A friend of mine commented that it was C“too much of a good thing!”17 Had Li San not neglected his English while he was an undergraduate，he would have better job A B Cprospects todayNowadays many firms in his field want Younger employees to be able to deal directly Dwith foreigners in English18 Most students use the campus clinic when they get sick1ts only a short walk from the A Bdormitories, and the medicine obtainable there costs much less comparing with what students have to C Dpay in regular public hospitals19 Students often complain about the attitude of the staffs in the university libraryThey sometimes A Bseem more interested in “protecting” the books by keeping them from being used than in assisting C Dreaders and researchers.20 When I was 13. my mother visited an old fortune-teller who said my name was not very A Bauspicious. He mentioned several similar names that he claimed were luckier and suggested changing C DanotherPART3. Read the two articles below carefully and completely(The paragraphs are numbered for your convenience.) Then answer the questions that followIn each case write the letter of the correct answer on your answer sheetYou are not allowed to use a dictionaryHowever，we have provided a short list of difficult words with their definitions to help you read the textsRead this vocabulary list before you begin the articlesVOCABULARY FOR THE ARTICLEScognitive science：the modern multi-disciplinary study of how the human mind perceives，understands,reasons, remembers and “knows”corporate：the adjective of corporation in the business sensea diagnosis：deciding what disease a patient hasfickleness：variability，lack of constancy or faithfulnessin droves：in herds，in crowds，in large numberslaid-back：comfortably casualthe lead time for X：the time required to prepare for an event(X) or to make it happen；the time needed to design, manufacture and 1aunch a new producta marble：a small colored glass ball，about as big around as a 5-fen coin and used as a childrens toyneuroscience：the modern multi-disciplinary study of the human nervous system and its functioningposh：fashionable in an upper-class waya private-equity firm：a company owned by several investors，not one with shares traded publicly on astock marketretailing：selling things directly to the public, to individual consumers，not to manufacturers or to othersmaller sellersto slump：to go down significantly，and usually rather quicklyto usher X in：to open the door to X，to introduce XARTICLE A1 A team of leading neuroscientists has developed a powerful technique that allows them to look deep inside a persons brain and read their intentions before they actThe research breaks controversial new ground in advancing the ability of scientists to probe peoples minds and spy on their thoughts, and raises serious ethical issues over how brain-reading technology may be used in the future2 The team used high-resolution brain scans to identify patterns of activity before the brain translated them into meaningful thoughtsThe scans thus revealed what a person planned to do in the near futureIt is the first time scientists have succeeded in reading intentions in this way“Using the scanner, we could look around the brain for this information and read out something that could absolutely not be detected from the outsideIts like shining a torch around，looking for writing on a wall，”said John-Dylan Haynes at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Germany，who led the study with colleagues at University College London and Oxford University3 The research builds on a series of recent studies in which brain imaging has been used to identify tell tale activity linked to lying, violent behavior and racial prejudiceThe latest work reveals the dramatic pace at which neuroscience is progressing, prompting the researchers to call for an urgent debate on the ethical issues surrounding future uses for the technologyIf brain reading can be refined，it could quickly be adopted to assist interrogations of criminals and terrorists, and even usher in an era like that portrayed in Steven Spielbergs recent science fiction film “Minority Report”The movie shows a not-distant future in which legal judgements are handed down before the law is broken-on the strength of an incriminating brain scan“These techniques are emerging now and we need an ethical debate about the implications，so that one day were not surprised and overwhelmed by what scientists and engineers can doThese innovations are going to arrive in the next few years and we should really be prepared，”said Professor Haynes4 The use of brain scanners to judge whether people are likely to commit crimes is a controversial issue that society should tackle now，according to Prof Haynes“We see the danger that this might become compulsory one day，but we have to be aware that if we prohibit it，we are also denying people who arent going to commit any crime the possibility of proving their innocence” 5 During the study，the researchers asked volunteers to decide whether to add or subtract two numbers they were later shown on a screenBefore the numbers flashed up，the volunteers were given a brain scan using a technique called functional magnetic-imaging resonanceThe researchers then used a software program that had been designed to spot subtle differences in brain activity to predict the person，s intentions，which it managed to do with 70accuracyThe study revealed signatures of activity in a marble-sized part of the brain called the medial prefrontal cortex that changed when a person intended to add the numbers or subtract them6 Because brains differ so much，the scientists need a good idea of what a persons brain activity looks like when he or she is thinking something in order to be able to spot it in a scanHowever，researchers are already devising ways of deducing what patterns are associated with different thoughts7 Barbara Sahakian，a professor of neuro-psychology at Cambridge University，said the rapid advances in neuroscience had forced scientists in the field to set up their own neuro-ethics society late last year to consider the ramifications of their research“Do we want to become aMinority Reportsociety where were preventing crimes that might not happen?，”she askedFor some of these techniques，its just a matter of timeIt is just another new technology that society has to come to terms with and use for the good，but we should discuss and debate it nowWhat we dont want is for it to leak into use in court without people having thought about the consequences8 “A lot of neuroscientists in the field are very cautious and say we cant talk about reading individualsminds，and right now that is perfectly trueBut were moving ahead so rapidlyIts not going to be that long before we will be able to tell whether someones making up a story or whether someone intended to do a crime with a very high degree of probability”9 Professor Colin Blakemore，a neuroscientist and director of the Medical Research Council， said：“We shouldnt go overboard about the power of these techniques at the moment，but what you can be absolutely sure of is that these will continue to roll outWe will have more and more ability to probe peoples intentions，minds，background thoughts，hopes and emotionsSome of that is extremely desirable，because it will help with medical diagnosis，education and so on，but we need to be thinking the ethical issues throughIt gives a whole new dimension to personal medical information and how it might be used”10 The technology could also drive advances in brain-controlled computers and machinery to boost the quality of life for disabled peopleBeing able to read thoughts as they arise in a persons mind could lead to computers that allow people to operate e-mail and the internet using thought alone，and to write with word processors that can predict which word or sentence a person wants to type. he technology is also expected to lead to improvements in thought-controlled wheelchairs and artificial limbs that respond when a person imagines moving“You can imagine how tedious It Is if you want to write a letter by using a cursor to pick out letters on a screen，” said Prof Haynes“It would be much better if you could simply think，I want to reply to this e-mail，or lf you could call up a certain word in your mind，and the computer could then read that and understand what you wanted to do”1 The research described in the articleA will be of immediate value in law enforcement and related fieldsB is absolutely unprecedented in neuroscienceC extends earlier investigations of brain imaging and mental activityD is evidence of how much neuroscientists already know about how the brain forms images 2 High-resolution brain scans can now be used toA operate a word processorB make accurate predictions of an individuals behaviorC add and subtract numbersD do none of the things in A，B or C3 The author mentions the film “Minority Report” becauseA it portrays fictional developments that neuroscientists may fairly soon have the abilityto realizeB it gives a surprisingly accurate depiction of the state of neuroscience todayC it is an example of how cinematic science fiction occasionally suggests new directionsfor scientific researchD neuroscientists pay increasing attention to depictions of science in popular culture，especially when discussing the ethical implications of their own work4 The word “ramifications” in paragraph 8 refers toA the reasons for doing further researchB the principles underlying research into brain scanningC the difficulties that must be dealt with in follow-up researchD the possible consequences of the research5 The neuroscientists cited in the articleA agree on the need for an informed discussion of t