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Short Conversations 题目序号:11-18 及格数量:5-6道 推荐准确数量:6-7题 重点场景:Airport(flight) restaurant hotel 重点主题:Campus life job-hutting 核心技巧:1、后句比前句重要,回答比提问重要 2、若选项中个别单词或短语被明显播读,此项多为错项;同义词替换选项正确可能性大。 3、同义词替换(最保险考点) 小对话:视听反向原则、同义替换原则。 视听反向原则是指,在小对话的题目中,当你发现被读到的单词或短语在选项中明显出现的时候,此选项更容易是错的。同义替换是指,若发现选项中的单词和短语是听力原文中出现的同义和近义替换,则选项容易为正确。本文主要向大家介绍听力短对话的宏观方法,无论四级还是六级,听前的充分预读是必要的,因为只有认真的预读才能找到选项中的规律,另外,短对话必须遵守的一个原则就是:先听到什么不太可能是正确选项,后听到的才可能是正确答案,没听到什么最有可能选择什么! 例二: 2008年12月第17题 A) She wants to get some sleep. B) She needs time to write a paper. C) She has a literature class to attend. D) She is troubled by her sleep problem. 原文: M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee? W: Id love to, but Im exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class. Q: Why does the woman decline the mans invitation? 解析:准确答案A。用来替换Im exhausted(疲倦),同义替换,听到的慎选。例题: 2006年6月四级考试第9题 AHelen is talkative B. Helen is active C. Helen is sociable D. Helen is quite 原文: M:Weve got three women researchers in our group, Mary, Betty and Helen. Do you know them? W: Sure, Mary is active and sociable. Betty is the most talkative woman Ive ever met. But guess what?Helen is just the opposite. Q: what do we know from the conversation? 解析:可以明显看出,本题的答案为D.其中,另外三项的形容词都被读到,而quite恰好是talkative与opposite组合的一个同义替换。 例题: 2008年12月四级考试第17题 A) She wants to get some sleep. B) She needs time to write a paper. C) She has a literature class to attend. D) She is troubled by her sleep problem. 原文: M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee? W: Id love to, but Im exhausted.(疲惫) I was up till 3 this morning writing a paper for my literature class. Q: Why does the woman decline the mans invitation? 解析:准确答案A。用来替换Im exhausted(疲倦),同义替换,听到的慎选。第一招:相关保留原则 当选项中有两项表达意思相近时,那么正确答案必在这两项之中!这时只需稍微听一听对话,即可知答案,如果出现了双重相关,便可直接确认正确选项,只需听完对话加之认证一下即可!典型例题: 1999年12月第4题 4. A) Visiting the Browning. B) Writing a postcard. C) Looking for a postcard. D) Filling in a form. 例题分析:B、C两项均含有 a poscard ,B、D两项均含有写.之意,即B、C和B、D构成双重相关,即可得出B为正确选项! 本题听力原文: 4. M: Whats the matter? Youve been sitting there for ages, just staring into space. W: I told the Browning Id send them a postcard. Now I dont know what to say. Q: Whats the woman doing? 第二招:异项保留原则 当选项中出现有意思明显相反的两项时,那么正确答案必在此二项中出现!如果出现双重异项,那么即可判断出正确答案,异项保留原则在六级考试听力短对话中应用广泛! 典型例题: 1999年12月第6题 6. A) She cant finish her assignment, either. B) She cant afford a computer right now. C) The man can use her computer. D) The man should buy a computer right away.例题分析:B、C异项,B项的意思是她现在没有电脑,C项的意思则是她现在有电脑。B、D异项,B是说女方无电脑,而D是说男方无电脑,男女也是一种反意关系。所以根据双重异项原则可确定正确答案为B项! 本题听力原文: 6. M: Im frustrated. Were supposed to do our assignment on the computer, but I have difficulty getting access to the computers in the library. W: I understand the way you feel. Im looking forward to the day when I can afford to get my own. Q: What does the woman mean? 第三招:女士保留原则 做题做多了,我们应该了解西方人的思维方式,当对话中出现女士的建议和要求时,我们一定要注意,这时女士说出来的话很可能就是正确选项的异意!因为女士经常以女神的形象出面,她们代表的是美好、正面、阳光的信息! 典型例题: 1999年12月第9题 9. A) The man should stick to what hes doing. B) The man should take up a new hobby. C) The man should stop playing tennis. D) The man should find the cause for his failure. 例题分析:通过选项我们可以分析出男人做一些事情遇到了困难,这时一位女人出来安慰男人,根据女神原则可知女人一定会让男人坚持把这件事情做下去,而不要放弃,这样的题型太多了,所以可呈现出一定的规律性! 本题听力原文: 9. M: I think Im going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today. W: Just because you lost? It that the reason to quit? Q: What does the woman imply?第四招:概括、抽象保留原则 当选项中出现比较概括、抽象的句子时,这时我们就要把表述事实的、具体的句子划掉,而去选择表概、抽象、比较性的句子!此原则可衍生出一个包含取大的原则,在作题时应用也是十分的广泛,一般当两个选项的意思接近时,表述比较全面的一般为正确选项! 典型例题: 7. A) The visiting economist has given several lectures. B) The guest lecturers opinion is different from Dr. Johnsons. C) Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates. D) Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college 例题分析:A、C、D均为表述事实的句子,只有B项为对比、比较的句子,较之A、C、D项更为抽象的表述了一件事情,所以B项为正确选项! 本题听力原文: 7. M: The visiting economist is speaking tonight, but Dr. Johnson doesnt seem to think much of him. W: Thats because Dr. Johnson comes from an entirely different school of thought. Q: What do we learn from the womans remark? 重点场景词汇短语分析 一、机场(飞机上) 重点 1机场地点 Security check(安检处) Gate(登机口) Terminal (航站楼) Check-in counter (换票柜台) Customs (海关) 2. 机场人物 Airhostess/stewardess (空姐) steward (空哥、空少) flight attendant (飞机乘务员)3. 飞机动作 Take off/land (起飞、降落) ascend/descend(上升、下降) postpone/delay/cancel (推迟、延迟、取消) 最近题目例句:(200712) I hope you are packed and ready to leave. (我希望你已经打包完毕准备出发了) I have packed my passport in one of my bags. (我把护照装在一个包里了) 二、餐厅 重点 1点菜: Order menu wine list (酒单) alcohol steak French Fries (薯条) 2. 埋单: Check the bill please!(埋单!) Treat (请客) split the bill (分开付) 三、酒店 次重点 最新考点(20076/12) Reservation (高频词,预定) honeymoon suite (07年6月词汇,蜜月套间) hotel clerk (07年6月词汇,等于receptionist) discount (07年6月词汇, 折扣) free continental breakfast (07年6月词汇,免费的清淡早餐) 四、图书馆 重点 1.书籍:journal 学术类刊物 (08-6) 原句:did you check the pile of the journals you borrowed for the library the other day?(你查过那一摞头几天从图书馆借来的学刊了么?) volume 卷 current/back issue 现/过刊 periodical 期刊 2.人物:librarian 图书管理员 重点主题短语词汇分析 Campus life 校园生活 1 作业词汇:assignment paper essays book/research report composition 作文 textbook教科书/reference book参考书(07-6) copy 副本 搭配词汇还有:be through with sth 结束,完成(两次考到) due 到期 have sbs hands full with sth 忙于做某事(07-12) 2 课程形式词汇: Seminar(06-6、07年6月词汇,研讨会) 原句: do you have the seminar schedule with you?(你有研讨会的日程表么?) optional course/elective (选修课) compulsory course/requirement (必修课) presentation (多次考到,展示或演示课) 3 名称 freshman(大一) sophomore(大二) junior(大三) senior(大四)(05年考点) graduate(毕业生) undergraduate (在校生,本科生) postgraduate (研究生) tutor(导师) graduate school (研究生院) Job hunting 求职 (长对话重点) Job applicant candidate (06-6、08-12 候选人) apply for application Position/post (多次考到。职位) resume (简历,注意发音,多次考到) recruit (连续考到。招聘) benefit (package) (福利,两次考到) paid vacation (带薪假期) social security (美国的社会保险) relocation expenses (异地补偿费用) phased retirement (08-12 阶段性退休) hotel consultant (08-6 酒店咨询) sales manager(08-12 销售经理) Administrative work (08-12 行政工作) 最近例句:2008-6 the job will involve much train travel (工作中会经常有火车旅行的机会) tell me about your present job. 2008-12 There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales managers job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified(合格). 20个候选人竞争销售经理的职位。最后就剩我们三个了,不过那两个人看起来胜算更大。不间断听这种方法和四级听力考试时间较长有关。四级听力放音时间约35分钟,考生要在这段时间内集中注意力,尽量获取所有细节信息。长时间保持较高注意力虽然难度大,但可通过长时间训练来提高。考生练习时要不间断地听完一套题,中间不停顿,强化自己的注意力和定力。听后查阅这种方法可以帮助考生清除对一些单词和短语的错误理解,避免在以后的听力考试中再出错。训练时,考生要完成以下3个步骤,一是找答案,考生要确定准确答案在原文中的位置,同时确定错误答案为什么错;二是查询有关单词和短语,考生要将选项和原文中所有不熟悉的单词和短语全部查阅清楚,不留死角;三是翻译句子,考生可用“视译”的方式看句子是否可以通顺地翻译明白,若发现有句子无法理解,说明单词和短语的含义并未查阅正确。 例:某次四级听力长对话原文,是一个面试:What benefit package do you offer?误译:你提供什么利益包裹?正译:你们有什么样的福利计划?benefit 这个单词在往年考试中也曾出现过,比如:There is a list of extra benefits. (有一个福利清单。)边听边读这种方法要求考生能完全看懂听力原文,边放音边听,同时跟读和模仿。跟不上时,可以半句为单位甚至每个单词为单位练习。有的考生能完全听懂一段听力,可能是听得次数多,原文已在脑海中有印象的缘故,但这段听力中的一些单词如果放在别的语境中,可能又听不懂了。边听边读练习可帮助考生纠正发音,单词发音和意思在脑海中不仅印象更加深刻,而且可一一对应,在别的语境中听到,能听懂的几率就很大了。例:您能读准这几个单词吗?Exhibit resume receipt fasten另外,考生还要特别注意连读或失去爆破在语句中的使用。裸听这种方法要求考生在没有原文的情况下,完全靠双耳能听懂所有细节,这是听力训练的最高要求。考生通过练习会发现,边听边看时没有任何理解难度的单词和短语都会出现不懂或模糊的情况,这时,请考生回到“边听边读”环节,确定是什么词语让耳朵感觉陌生。该方法要求考生具备相当的耐心。边听边写这种听写方法也是一种很好的训练。对要提高整体听写水平的考生来说,还可选择性地将部分短对话或长对话,甚至短文听力,用单句反复播放的形式写出来。当然,这种听写需要耐心地把一句话重复听多遍,以求最终准确写出。如果考生发现单词或短语无法准确拼写,可以在整段播放完毕后进四级考试听力部分的短对话、长对话和短文听力其实考察的都是对听力材料的要点和信息的把握。什么是要听懂并且记下来的信息呢,要把握吨化和短文中的七种关键词,KEY WORD,后面一般都是考点,尤其是对话部分,要学会听小词. 英语四级听力中考生要注意七类关键词一、转折性词汇:课堂上强调了很多的涵义发生180度转弯的BUT转折题,要学会听BUT,还有yet, however, though, whereas, unfortunately, unexpectedly, instead, rather than, other than, to be frank, frankly speaking, to tell you the truth,etc.二、逻辑类词汇:就是因为所以不但而且这一类的词,表原因的because, because of, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, now that, according to, 表结果的therefor, so, as a result, consequently, eventually, 表递进的apart from, in addition, furthermore, whats more, moreover,etc.三、最高级词汇:形容词和副词的最高级永远是最需要关注的,most importantly, the most popular. the biggest of.四、事实罗列词汇:在这些词汇后就是关键和重要的事实性息,actually, in fact, as a matter of fact,etc.五、序数词后面,最重要的是the first, firstly and finally.六、情态动词:sb.has got to, can , could, may, might, need, should, ought to,etc.七、重要形容词:表示重要的词,important, crucial, chief, major, significant, the only, unique, essential, necessary, vital, etc.听力长对话应试策略对于听力长对话,考生应始终牢记:不要奢望将其内容一字不落地完全听懂并且记住。因为即使在日常生活中用母语对话,这也几乎是不可能的,同时也是不必要的。在日常生活中,我们只要掌握自己关心的信息,而在听力考试中,我们则要抓住关键的命题点。 以下分听前预测和听时抓“点”两个步骤详解听力长对话的应试策略。一、听前预测听前预测对于听力长对话非常重要。放音间隔的时间应尽可能留作预测之用。若想有效使用这短短几十秒的放音间隔时间,需把握以下两个原则:1. 先纵后横所谓“先纵”,就是首先通读每篇后的3-4个小题,找出关键词,前后联系,预测全篇大致主题。所谓“后横”,就是在仍有时间的情况下,通看各题选项,看看是否存在生词,总结长句的核心意思,以此预测考点和可能的答案。两步预测都要注意随时做出标注,划出关键词或简写长句的大意,因为单凭记忆在高压的听力考试中是万万靠不住的。以2007年12月Conversation Two为例:23. A) She is thirsty for promotion.B) She wants a much higher salary.C) She is tired of her present work.D) She wants to save travel expenses.首先通过promotion, salary和work可得出本对话的大致主题是有关职业,再联系两次出现的wants,想到或许与求职有关,并顺理成章地想到可能会谈到离职的原因、新职位的性质以及薪酬等等。这就是上面所说的先纵。此后我们可对选项中较长的词语做标注,如下划线所示。通过听录音我们发现本题答案的对应信息在原文中是Im fed up with my job., 正是tired of的同义置换。这就是上面所说的后横。可见,事先标注关键信息,可让我们在听时将注意力集中到更小的点,起到事半功倍的效果。2. 分清主次与生活中的情形相似,双方对话的时候常有主次之分,如:一方询问,另一方作答时,关键信息多出现在作答一方,考点自然也就多出于此。分清对话双方的主次对于我们预测考点出现的位置很重要,方法也简单易行。以2006年12月Conversation Two为例:22. A) It was about a little animal.B) It took her six years to write.C) It was adapted from a fairy tale.D) It was about a little girl and her pet.23. A) She knows how to write best-selling novels.B) She can earn a lot of money by writing for adults.C) She is able to win enough support from publishers.D) She can make a living by doing what she likes.24. A) The characters. B) The readers.C) Her ideas. D) Her life experiences.25. A) She doesnt really know where they originated.B) She mainly drew on stories of ancient saints.C) They popped out of her child-hood dreams.D) They grew out of her long hours of thinking.通看下划线部分不难发现,几乎所有的选项都与女性会话者有关,可料想此对话中男性会话者多提出问题,女性多做答复,听时当然主要听女性会话者所说的内容。二、听时抓“点”有了充分的听前预测,听时的主要任务就是抓住考点,且掌握如下两个原则:1. 考点均匀分布,易出现在话轮转换处首先,长对话后设的3-4个小题一般均匀地分布在对话的每个回合,极少出现某一个回合包含两个考点的情况。这样,我们在一个对话回合中找到一个考点后,剩余的部分就可不做详听,让紧张的神经稍做放松,有利于将精力集中于下面的考点。其次,考点的位置多是话轮转换的时候。具体的说,就是对话一方某段发言的开头和结尾部分,这也完全符合西方人的思维习惯,即在发言伊始多是开门见山,而在发言结尾处又总括强调。仍以2006年12月Conversation Two为例:M: Hi, Miss Rowling, how old were you when you started to write? And what was your first book?W: I wrote my first story when I was about six. It was about a small animal, a rabbit, I mean, and Ive been writing ever since. (22题考点)M: Why did you choose to be an author?W: If someone asked me how to achieve happiness, step one would be finding out what you love doing most and step two would be finding someone to pay you to do this. I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing. (23题考点)M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults?W: My first two novels were for adults. I suppose I might write another one, but I never really imagine a target audience when Im writing. The ideas come first, so it really depends on the ideas that grasp me next. (24题考点)M: Where did the ideas for the Harry Potter books come from?W: Ive no idea where the ideas came from. And I hope Ill never find out. (25题考点) It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain, which makes me think about the invisible train platform.2. 重复率较高的词或短语多成为考点对话的主要内容理所当然会得到说话人的强调,而一个非常重要且明显的强调方式就是重复,故重复的词语往往能够揭示对话的主题。如问:What is the news coverage mainly about?而原文中多次出现rebel forces, conflict, war等与叛乱相关的词语,也可判断本题答案为A) The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.Try out一、主题原则(前二后二回合必出,一问一答为一回合) 主题句常常在对话的开头,对整篇对话的大意起到概括和提示的作用,实际上是说话人所谈论的中心话题;长对话的第一题很可能针对对话的开头提问。结尾处往往涉及到建议、决定或某种行为等,它对整个对话起到一个总结的作用。长对话的最后一题经常是针对对话的结尾设题,故留意结尾回合中的关键动词就成了解题的关键。【例1】(07年6月 19题)A To go sightseeing.B To have meetings.C To promote a new champagne.D To join in a training program.【原文重现】M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. Hows your trip to the states?W: Very busy, 19I had a lot of meetings. .19. Why did the woman go to New York?【答案解析】选B。细节题。对话一开始,男士就问女士去美国的旅行怎么样,女士回答说很忙,她had a lot of meetings(要参加很多会议),由此可知女士去纽约是去参加会议。二、提问常出(听见什么选什么)长对话中,对话双方往往出现多个一问一答,而这恰好成为了长对话的一个出题重点,文章结束后的问题往往就是对话原文中提问的原文复现或是同义转述,因此听清对话中紧接问题之后的答语基本可做出七成以上的题,如果不是为了追求满分,考场上完全可以遵循听见什么选什么,尤其是在题多量大时间短的情况下。【例2】(07年6月 25题)A Data collection.B Training consultancy.C Corporate management.D Information processing.【原文重现】W: Whats your line of business, Mr. Johnson?M: We are a training consultancy.25. What is the mans line of business?【答案解析】选B。细节题。女士的提问即为本题的提问,答案就在男士接下来的回答中。女士问男士Whats your line of business(做哪一行),男士回答说We are a training consultancy(我们是培训咨询公司),由此可知答案为B。三、重读常出对话的核心内容理应会得到说话人的强调,最为有效的强调方式莫过于重复,而且重复的词语往往能够揭示对话的主题。因此对那些对话双方多次提到的词语或内容应进行重点记忆。【例3】(四六级考试委员会样卷-22题)AThe latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.BThe fall of Karnaks capital city into the hands of the rebel forces.CThe epidemic that has just broken out in the country of Karnak.DThe peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak.【原文重现】W: We now interrupt our regular scheduled news program to bring you live up-to-date coverage on the civil unrest in the newly formed country of Karnak, where our man Stan Fielding is stationed. Stan .M: ., rebel forces launched the biggest offensive against the ruling government in the 18-month conflict here in this country.M:., rebel forces are also using heavy artillery to pound the positions of government forces around the city center. Rebel forces are closing in, .M: . this war-torn country ., but that is always a concern if this war lingers on.22.What is the news coverage mainly about?【答案解析】选A。主旨题。主旨题的答案往往在开头或结尾,而本题的答案即出自开头的第一句。选项中的latest(最新的)对应该句中的live up-to-date(最新直播),armed rebellion(武装叛乱)对应unrest(动乱)。另外,对话的主题往往会得到多次重复,因此根据后面多次出现的rebel forces, conflict, war等与叛乱相关的词语,也可判断本题答案为A。四、同义复现必出正确选项往往与原文相似,或是原文的同义表达,因此应注意提取选项中的关键点,在听音时留意其是否与原文同意并加以记录。【例4】(四六级考试委员会样题-25题)A Inadequate medical care.B Continuing social unrest.C Lack of food, water and shelter.D Rapid spreading of the epidemic【原文重现】W: . what other pressing concerns are there for the citizens of the city?M: Well, since the beginning of the conflict, starvation, and lack of clean water and adequate shelter have been the biggest daily obstacles facing the citizens of this war-torn country.25. What is the pressing concern of the citizens of Karnack?【答案解析】选C。细节题。四个选项中只有C项内容在对话中出现,其他三项均未涉及到,故只要抓住对话中starvation, and lack of clean water and adequate shelter或其部分内容,即可判断答案为C。starvation意为饥饿。五、留意数字、人名、地名、时间、年代等相关信息遇到数字、人名、地名、时间、年代时要对相关信息做简要记录,尤其是选项中出现类似的概念时,在听音时更应重点留意。【例5】(四六级考试委员会样题-24题)A Late in the morning.B Early in the afternoon.C Sometime before dawn.D Shortly after sunrise.【原文重现】M: . Rebel forces are closing in, and its feared tha they will be able to take the capital building before daybreak where, it is believed, many government officials are holding out.24. At what time of day do you think this news report is being made?【答案解析】选C。细节题。根据原文中.its feared that they will .before daybreak.可知,当时报道的时间应该是在before daybreak(黎明破晓前)。dawn相当于daybreak。大学英语四级听力必考60个习语详解26、awfully 非常地,相当地。在口语中用于表程度的比例十分高。awfully nervous 相当紧张;awfully cold 相当冷;awfully sorry 十分抱歉Tom looks awfully nervous.汤姆看上去相当紧张。I am awfully sorry. I didnt mean to hurt you.十分抱歉。我不想伤害你的。7、be bound to肯定,注定The movie starts in 5 minutes and theres bound to be a long line.电影还有5分钟就开始了现在那里肯定排着长队。8、be tired of厌烦。当一个人感到厌烦的时候,也是最容易lose ones temper(生气)的时候。Im tired of movies about romantic stories. 我已经彻底厌烦了电影中的浪漫故事。9、be worn out1、 筋疲力尽,这个表达不太正式,多用于口语。Im usually worn out at the end of the day. 在一天快结束时我时常觉得很累。2、 破旧不堪。My soles were worn out after a long time trip.经过长时间的旅行,我的鞋底已经破旧不堪。12、book1、 书。本意,简单名词。2、预定,订购。 be booked up 被预定空了;booking office 售票处All the morning flights have been booked up. 所有明早的飞机票都预定光了。13、briefing1、 简介。会议之前,总要有一个项目叫做Give a briefing.Mrs. Lungs briefing seems to go on forever.Lung女士的简报似乎没完没了。2、 news / press briefing 新闻发布会15、check1、检查。基本意思。check our baggage 检查行李Could you check for me who borrowed it?你能帮我查查是谁借走了吗?Did you check the power plug and press the play button?你是否检查了电源插头并按了播放键了呢?2、登机台。check-in counterIs this the check-in counter for Flight 914 to Los Angeles?这是飞往洛杉矶的914号航班的登机台吗?3、询问。check on it 问问看Maybe I should call to check on it. 也许我应该打个电话问问看。4、支票。Sign the check. 签这张支票。26、gains and losses得与失。Think about the gains and losses before you make the decision.在你做出决定之前,一定

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