初二(八年级上下册)英语每单元知识点.docx

初二(八年级)上册英语第一单元知识点一、短语1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a.,every.用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加s/es。2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment .用现在进行时，结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next.用一般将来时，结构：will + v原 be going to +v原(没有动词用be )4、如有yesterday, .ago , last.just now.用一般过去时动词加edgive sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 every day每天,write down 写下，记下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的,how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做.怎么样 each other 互相.thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢 回答Thats all right. =Youre welcome.= ThatOK.= Its my pleasure.=Not at all.Why dont you+V原.=why not+.V原 为什么不help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人 help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事with ones help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth.请自用食物watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，(现在没有做，做过)watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see, hear类似remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事welcome back欢迎回来 , new term新学期this term这学期 , next term 下学学期,last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议,why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误,correct spelling正确的拼写, what else?=what other things? 还有什么a piece of advice 一条建议, follow /take ones advice采用别人的建议,send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人 send for派人去请/取send up发射. all the time一直enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快lots of =a lot of =many(可数)much(不可数)许多 , ,spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间ask for 请求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一块enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ingplace sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在里面else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all, much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为elses.take a deep breath深呼吸, catchhold ones breath屏住呼吸,out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,the number of 的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单, a number of =many,大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。a large number of， a small number of ,invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样try to do sth.尽力做事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事try not to do sth .尽力不做某事 try ones best尽某人最大的努力,a group of 一组，一群, borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物,lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物 keep借一段时间practice doing sth.,练习做做某事 come from=be from来自,look for 寻找, look after=care for=take care of照顾look up 向上看，查阅, look like看起来像,look at 看着, look on sb. as把某人看作,look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期待做某事 look over检查，翻阅 ,look out当心，向外看 , look through仔细查看,be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为, be ready准备好 ,be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事，乐意做某事 translateinto 将译成，take a message捎个信， leave a message留个信，be good for 对有好处， be good at =do well in擅长于be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长 Think of 想起，think about想出， think over仔细考虑，else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who, what,when,where时放后，四说，1,speak说语言，2.say说内容，3,talk与谁说，4,tell告诉，讲述，四看，1,watch观看电视，比赛和表演，2,see看人，电影，医生，风景，3,read看书，报，4,look就看。 看场电影要用see，读书看报用read 电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用watch,observe细观察，一时注意用notice.make+宾语+补足语(形容词)使某人某物怎么样。.make+宾语+do 让某人做某事make+宾语+过去分词 使某人被怎么样;make friends with sb.与某人交朋友，hear of听说， hear from收到某人的来信，be bad for对有害， it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格，品质 kind, goodnice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等write to 给写信， next to 在旁边，do some concerts办音乐会， speak to sb.和某人讲话，say hello to sb. 给某人问好， say bye to sb.向某人说再见，show sb. around somewhere带某人参观某地， learn sth from sb.向某人学习choose the correct answers选择正确答案, correct the mistakes改错,match with把和搭配起来建议：1.why dont you do sth?=why not do sth?2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth?3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remember to do sth.5.Dont forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ?7.Lets do sth. 8.Itsa good idea to do9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do11.Youd better (not )do sth.回答：Thats a good idea.Thanks a lot.Great, OK. Thats right. All right. Good idea. Sure.二、句型1. 疑问词 how 的用法(1) 怎样，用什么手段，方法/交通工具How are you? / How is she?How did he do it? / I dont know how to swim.How do you come to school?(2) 情况如何(指身体健康状况) How are you?(3) how many，how much 表示多少其中how much 还可以表示钱数。how many 后接可数名词复数，how much 接不可数名词。How many times do you go to the park?How many pens do you want?How much water do we drink every day?How much are those pants?(4) how often 是对动作发生的“次数”提问，询问的是频率“多久一次”回答可以是：Every day. / Once a week. / Three times a week. / Often. / How often do you play tennis?How often do you surf the Internet?(5) How old ? 询问年龄 How old are you? I am five.(6) How about ? 如何?怎么样? How about going to the movies?2. time 表示不可数名词，意为“时间”。表示可数名词，意为“次数，倍数”What time is it?I go to the movies three times a week.注意“次数”的表达方法一次 once，两次 twice，三次或三次以上用基数词加上 times：three times, five times, one hundred times表示“几次”的表达方法是：once a day/ a week/ a month/ a yeartwice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year2. exercise v./ n. shop v./ n.He often exercises on weekends.We often do / take exercise on weekends.We often shop on weekends.There are many shops in the neighborhood.4. as for 意为“就而论;至于”As for fruit，I eat it sometimes.As for him，I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。5. My mother wants me to drink it. 我妈妈想要我喝。want to do sth. 想要做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人干某事Do you want to go to the movies with me? 你想和我一起去看电影吗?I want you to help me with my math. 我想要你帮我学数学。有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语：ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事6. She says its good for my health.她说它对我的健康有意。be good for 表示“对有益(有好处)”其反义为：be bad for 对有害/无益Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。Drinking milk is good for your health.喝牛奶对你的健康有益。Reading English is good for studying English.对英语对学习英语有益/有帮助。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。7. usually when I come home from school通常是在我从学校回家时When + 从句 当时候I often stay at home when it is rainy.8. I try to eat a lot of vegetables. try to do sth. 尽量/尽力做某事Ill try to learn English well. 我会尽量尝试学好英语的。You must try to take more exercise. 你必须尽量多做运动。9. I look after my health. look after 照顾My brother is ill. I have to look after him today.我的弟弟病了。我今天不得不照顾他。All the students must look after the desks and chairs.有的学生必须照看好课桌椅。He often helps his mother look after his little sister.他经常帮助他的妈妈照顾他的小弟弟。10. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.我健康的生活方式帮助我取得好的成绩。help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事She often helps me learn math. 她经常帮助我学数学。11. Good food and exercise help me to study better.好的食物和运动帮助我学习得更好。help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事12. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?= Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle?她的生活方式和你的一样或是不同?be the same as / be different from 与一样/与不同She looks the same as her sister. 她看起来跟她的妹妹很像。This book is different from that one. 这本书跟那本书不一样。13. I think Im kind of unhealthy. 我想我有点不健康。kind of = a little a kind of 一种14. maybe (adv.) = perhaps 也许，可能 Maybe he knows the answer.Maybe theyll go skateboarding. He may know the answer.15. although = though 虽然 Although hes ill, he goes to school on time.虽然他生病了，但他还是准时上学。She eats a lot of chocolate, although she is very fat.虽然她很胖，但她却吃许多的巧克力。16. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health.A lot of = lots of = many/ much 许多keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthykeep + 形容词 表保持某种状态Keep quiet! The baby is sleeping.那婴儿正在睡觉，保持安静!We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持我们的教室干净。17. 注意 sometimes 与几个形似的词的区别。(1) sometime 是副词，意为“在某个时候;某时”Will you come again sometime next week?下周的某个时候你会再来吗?She was there sometime last year.她去年某时去过那。(2) some time 是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用I will stay here for some time.我将在这呆一段时间。He worked for that company for some time.他为那家电脑公司工作了一阵子。(3) some times 是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”I met him some times in the street last month.上个月我在街上遇到他好几次了。The factory is some times larger than that one.这间工厂比那间大好几倍。(4) sometimes 是频度副词，意为“有时”He sometimes goes skateboarding on weekends.他有时周末去滑滑板。18. That sounds interesting. 那听起来有趣。look(看起来)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(觉得)，seem(好象)，grow(变得) ,get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。初二(八年级)上册英语第二单元知识点一、词语：1.matter: mt1)名词 n. 事情;问题;事件CIt was a matter of life and death for them.这事对他们来说是生死攸关。What is the matter with this car?这辆汽车出了什么毛病?2)不及物动词 vi.(常用于否定句和疑问句)有关系,要紧。It does not matter(if)(即使也)不要紧 例如：When talking about fighting battles, Comrade Liu Bocheng often quotes a Sichuan proverb It does not matter if it is a yellow cat or a black cat, as long as it catches mice.2.back: bk1)名词 n. 背脊,背部C(in and on 的用法)Someone patted me on the back. 有人在我背上轻轻地拍了一下。后部the S(+of)Grandpa and grandma sat in the back of the car.2)副词 adv.在原处;回原处come back形容词 adj. Z后面的,后部的He sat in the back seat of the car. 他坐在车子后面的座位上。3.Rest:rest1)不及物动词 vi. 休息;睡; rests with sb ,2) 及物动词 The doctor tried to rest his patients mind at ease.3) The rest of the eggs , have a rest4、5.so: su1)副词 adv. 这么,那么;【口】多么,非常Im so pleased to see you. 看到你我真高兴。2)连接词 conj. 因此,所以，它不能与because连用。The monitor was ill so I went in his place班长病了所以我代他去。3)I think the weather will be fine. I think so.5.illness: ilnis名词 n. 患病(状态);身体不适UDuring his illness, John stayed indoors.约翰在生病期间足不出户。它是由形容词ill+名词后缀-ness构成，其同义词为sickness.【拓展】类似的词有：carelessness粗心;happiness幸福;darkness黑暗;kindness好意6. Way ;道路方向 Come this way, please.请这边来。【短语】1)on the/onesway (to)在去某地的路上。例如：On the way to the airport,they hear the report.7. angry：gri形容词adj.愤怒的，生气的，其副词形式为angrily.1)be angry with sb.生某人的气;2)be angry at sth.因某事生气。例如：I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。What are you angry at?你因何事生气?The man left the room angrily.那个人生气地离开了房间。8.western: westn西方的;来自西方的，它是west的形容词。 例如：People in western countries have different traditions.西方国家的人们有着不同的传统。【积累】类似的词有：easteastern东方的 northnorthern北方的southsouthern南方的9. It is important to do sth.10.moment: mumnt名词 n. 瞬间;片刻CJust a moment, shes coming. 请稍等,她马上来。in a moment一会儿，马上;at any moment随时，在任何时候;at the last moment在最后关头;at the moment此刻，(正在)那时;for a moment片刻，一会儿11. You are late for school.12.until：ntilconj.&prep. (=till) 直到.时,到.为止1) untilI waited until he came back.我一直等到他回来。The war lasted until 1945.战争持续到1945年。2) not untilI didnt leave the boy until his mother turned up.直到这孩子的母亲来,我才离开。The noise of the street didnt stop until it was midnight.街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。2)当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.3)not until的强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+.。It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.二.短语have a headache (患)头痛have a sore back 背痛have a (bad) cold (重)感冒have a sore throat 喉咙痛lie down 躺下have a stomachache 肚子痛hot tea with honey 加有蜂蜜的热茶see a dentist 看牙医two days ago 两天前 have a fever 发烧be stressed out 紧张的 listen to music 听音乐for example 例如No problem 没问题too much + 不可数名词 太多的 much too +形/副 实在太too many + 可数名词复数 太多的a balanced diet 平衡饮食have a rest 休息a few + 可数名词复数 少许 a little + 不可数名词/形/副 一点at the moment=now 此时，此刻 host family 寄宿家庭good idea 好主意healthy food 健康食品conversation practice 对话练习a lot of 很多三、重点句型：1. I have a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。2. Maybe you should see a dentist. 也许你应该看看牙医。4. Im stressed out. 我压力太大。5. Its important to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食很重要。6. You should eat fruit and other healthy food.你应该吃水果和其它的健康食品。7. You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下来休息。8. I like to listen to music. 我喜欢听音乐。9. I really need some conversation practice. 我的确需要一些对话练习。10.I have a lot of headaches. 我头痛得很厉害。11.Whats the matter (with you )? (你)怎么啦?Im not feeling well. 我感觉不舒服。12.Thats a good idea. 好主意。13.I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你尽快好起来。Grammar：5.知识“太多”“也”不多：1)too many,too much与much too(太)1.Today，_trees are still being cut down somewhere in the world.A.much too B.too much C.many too D.too many (1999年辽宁中考)2.He cant hear you because there is _noise here.(1999年黑龙江中考)A.very much B.too much C.much too D.so many3.The sweater is very beautiful，but its _dear.(1999年吉林中考)A.too much B.much too C.many D.more2. 2)also,too,either与as well(也)初二(八年级)上册英语第三单元知识点一、短语already早已，用于完成时的肯定,; yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问; just,用于完成时just now=a moment ago用于过去时,arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达bring,从外往里拿， take ,从里往外拿， carry无方向, fetch往返拿,more than ,=over,多于 less than,少于alone,个体单独，独自; lonely,孤独，寂寞，也表示荒凉，most of. .的大多数, a visit to 对 .的参观,on a visit to.,参观. for a visit 参观, pay a visit to ,拜访as .as.和.一样 not as .as.=not so .as 不如,so .that如此.以致于.如果that后是否定,就可以用too.to转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth.be famous for 因.面著名(原因), be famous as以.身份或产地而著名prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜欢做某事,prefer to 更喜欢. prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,return from a visit to 从.访问返回, be named after 以.的名字命名,be proud of 以.自豪, be up to sb.由某人决定,up to 从事于,忙于, space station在太空站,show sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看, on business出差,因.公事,在.的上面 over,在.上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为underon 在.上面,贴着物表,反义beneath, above在.上方,高出,反义belowin the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飞机,in the last three years在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,none 用于三个以上的全否定，反义为all;neither两个都不，反义为both,the lastest news,最新消息， share sth.with sb.与分享某物照看妹妹 和朋友消磨时光 回到散步 租用光碟 度长假go + V-ing : 去做某事，表示从事某项体育活动或娱乐活动。go camping / hiking / sightseeing / bike riding / swimming二. 词义1.send sb. sth. 2. show sb sthsth. to sb sth to sb3. be famous for 4. decide on + n. / V-ingbe famous as to do sth.5.think about doing sth. 6.plan to do sth.7.leave sp. 8.人+ spend +时间/ 金钱+(in)doing sth.for sp. 人+ spend +时间/ 金钱+ on sth.sp. for sp.9.forget to do sth. 10.cant wait to do sth.doing sth. 11.finish doing sth.初二(八年级)上册英语第四单元知识点 一、重点语法：询问别人做某事的方式用 How 引导特殊疑问句其回答有多种方式，其中一种结构是 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的结构。询问两地的距离用 how far 引导特殊疑问句回答用 be + (distance) + away + from 的结构。例句：A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上学?)B: I take the subway.(我乘地铁去上学。)A: How far is it from your home to school?(从家到学校多远?)B: Its three miles.(有三英里远。)A: How long does it take you to get from home to school?(从家到学校需要花多长时间?)B: It takes 25 minutes.(要花 25 分钟。)二、重点短语：by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽车how far 多远depend on 依赖于by boat = take the boat 乘船look at 看by train = take the train 乘火车by bike = ride ones bike 骑车by subway =take the subway 乘地铁by plane = take the plane 乘飞机on foot 走路get up 起床have breakfast 吃早饭leave for somewhere 离开去某地take sb. to somewhere 带某人去某地half an hour = thirty minutes 半小时(三十分钟)around the world = all over the world 全世界get to school 到学校三、 词义1. have to 2. a number of 3. in hospitalmust the number of in the hospital四、 句子1. 步行大约要25分钟。2. 从他家到学校有多远?3. 托马斯想知道她怎么去学校。4. 世界各地的学生们怎样去上学?5. 在世界的其他地方，情况有所不同。6. 在日本，大部分学生坐火车上学，尽管也有其他人步行或骑自行车。7. 那一定比乘坐公共汽车有趣多了。8. 并不是所有的学生都坐公共汽车上学。9. 少数学生乘坐地铁。10. 你认为你们镇的交通怎么样?五. 作文根据育英中学八年级(1)班学生上学方式的调查表，用英语写一篇短文，不少于70字。There are fifty students in Class 1, Grade 8 at Yuying Middle School. Every day they go to school in different ways. Fifteen students take buses and twelve take the subway because they live far from the school. Ten students walk. They think walking is good for their health and they live near the school. Thirteen students ride their bikes to school because they like riding bikes very much and their homes are not very far from the school. No one goes to school by car.初二(八年级)上册英语第五单元知识点 一、短语1. come to ones party 参加某人的聚会2. on Saturday afternoon 在星期六的下午3. Id love to 我非常乐意4. Im sorry 对不起5. study for a test为测验而学习6. go to the doctor 去看医生7. visit ones aunt 看望某人的姑姑8. have a piano lesson 上一堂钢琴课10. too much homework 太多家庭作业11. much too interesting 有趣得多12. maybe another time 也许下一次吧13.Thanks for asking(inviting)谢谢邀请14. go to the baseball game 参加棒球比赛15. Birthday Party 生日聚会16. go to the mall 去购物中心17. soccer practice 足球练习18. look for 寻找19. find out 找到，弄清楚，查明20. study for the math test 为数学考试而学习21. play tennis with me 和我一起打网球22. I have a really busy week 我一周很忙23. football match足球比赛24. my cousins birthday party 我表弟的生日聚会25. write soon 尽快回信26. study for my science test 为科学考试而学习27. 给某人打电话的几种说法：call sb. up, call sb. phone sb., phone to sb. telephone sb. telephone to sb.phone sb. up,ring sb. give sb. a ring, give sb.