四六级写作宝典整理版.doc

整理版第一部分：图表写作套句精选1.the table shows the changes in the number of.over the period from.to. 该表格描述了在.年之.年间.数量的变化。 2.the bar chart illustrates that. 该柱状图展示了. 3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding. 该图为我们提供了有关.有趣数据。 4.the diagram shows (that). 该图向我们展示了. 5.the pie graph depicts (that). 该圆形图揭示了. 6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of. 这个曲线图描述了.的趋势。 7.the figures/statistics show (that). 数据（字）表明. 8.the tree diagram reveals how. 该树型图向我们揭示了如何. 9.the data/statistics show (that). 该数据（字）可以这样理解. 10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that. 这些数据资料令我们得出结论. 11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table. 如图所示. 12.according to the chart/figures. 根据这些表（数字）. 13.as is shown in the table. 如表格所示. 14.as can be seen from the diagram,great changes have taken place in. 从图中可以看出，.发生了巨大变化。 15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure,we can see clearly that.or it is clear/apparent from the chart that. 从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到. 16.this is a graph which illustrates. 这个图表向我们展示了. 17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from.to. 该表格描述了.年到.年间a与b的比例关系。 18.the graph,presented in a pie chart, shows the general trend in. 该图以圆形图形式描述了.总的趋势。 19.this is a column chart showing. 这是个柱型图，描述了. 20.as can be seen from the graph,the two curves show the flutuation of. 如图所示，两条曲线描述了.的波动情况。 21.over the period from.to.the.remained level. 在.至.期间，.基本不变。 22.in the year between.and. 在.年到.期间. 23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998. 1995年至1998三年里. 24.from then on/from this time onwards. 从那时起. 25.the number of.remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year). .月(年)至.月（年).的数量基本不变。 26.the number sharply went up to. 数字急剧上升至. 27.the percentage of.stayed the same between.and. .至.期间.的比率维持不变。 28.the figures peaked at.in(month/year) .的数目在.月（年）达到顶点，为. 29.the percentage remained steady at. 比率维持在. 30.the percentage of.is sightly larger/smaller than that of. .的比例比.的比例略高（低）。 31.there is not a great deal of difference between.and. .与.的区别不大。 32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of. 该图表表明.的数目增长了三倍。 33.decreased year by year while.increased steadily. .逐年减少，而.逐步上升。 34.the situation reached a peak(a high point at) of%. .的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为.百分点。 35.the figures/situation bottomed out in. 数字（情况）在.达到底部。 36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough. 数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。 37.a is .times as much/many as b. a是b的.倍。 38.a increased by. a增长了. 39.a increased to. a增长到. 40.high/low/great/small/ percentage. 比低高（低） 41.there is an upward trend in the number of. .数字呈上升趋势。 42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from.to. .到.发生急剧上升。 43.from.to.the rate of decrease slow down. 从.到.，下降速率减慢。 44.from this year on，there was a gradual declinel reduction in the.,reaching a figure of. 从这年起，.逐渐下降至. 45.be similar to. 与.相似 46.be the same as. 与.相同 47.there are a lot similarities/differences between.and. .与.之间有许多相似（不同）之处 48.a has something in common with b a于b有共同之处。 49.the difference between a and b lies in. a与b之间的差别在于. 50.(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in. .年.急剧上升。第二部分：写作常识一、图形种类及概述法： 泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart 直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram 趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram 表格图：table 流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图：processing/procedures diagram 以下是一些较常用的描述用法 The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) According to the table/chart diagram/graph As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, figures/statistics shows (that). It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statistics It is clear from the figures/statistics It is apparent from the figures/statistics table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that) . table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how 二、data的具体表达法 data在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time 在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time 持续变化的data在不同情况下: 增加：increase / raise / rise / go up . 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall . 波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave . 稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off . 最常用的两种表达法： 动词 + 副词形式（Verb+Adverb form） 形容词 + 名词形式（Adjective+Noun form） 1. Verb+Adverb form The number of XXX +increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuate. +insignificantly/significantly/slightly/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/steadily/gradually/slowly. +from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 2. Adjective+Noun form There was a (very) sudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steep/steady/gradual/slow/slight +increase/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fall/fluctuation （注意：上述很多词不可用于修饰fluctuation） +in the number of XXX from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 描述稳定的data： The number of XXX remained steady/stable from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) The number of XXX stayed the same from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) There was little change / hardly any change / no change in the number of XXX from from (第一时间) to (第二时间) / between (第一时间) and (第二时间) 描述不同状态的data Noun form: steady drop / sharp rise peak / dramatic fall / sharp drop Verbal form: (to) bottom out / (to) reach the bottom / (to) increase gradually / (to) reach a plateau / (to) remain steady 描述the highest point以及the lowest point 高点极值： The monthly profit / The figures / The situation . +peaked in (月份/年) at XXX% / XXX(极点data) 或者reached a peak / a high point at XXX% / XXX(极点data) 低点极值： XXX bottomed out / reached +rock / the bottom / a low point 或者hit a trough 此外，在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences，最常用的固定搭配如下： 并列： as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition,additionally, besides, whats more, apart from . 举例： for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially 事实： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as . 雷同/近似：similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally . 转折： however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, in stead (of), in spite of, despite of . 原因与结果 1. cause-suggestion (几乎不常用) since / now that .; I hope that. because of/on account of/owing to/thanks to + (doing) sth, I hope that. 2. cause-effect (较常用) XXX lead to / bring about / result in/ account for . (一个句子), therefore / thus / hence / as a result / consequently / (and) so . 3. effect-cause (较常用) XXX be caused by / result from / be the result of / be the effect of / be the consequence of . (一个句子), because . it is adj. that . it is unimaginable that . it is undeniable that . it is interesting to discover that . 三、其它相关常用词（组） 1. 主章开头 图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph 描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent 内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion 2. 表示数据 一般：have 10%; at 10%; over 10% 最高（低）点：peaked; reached a peak / high point bottomed out; reached the bottom 变化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climb decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce fluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定 remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change 变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的 rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply 急剧升降的 steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly轻微的、略微地 stable/stably 稳定的 表示范围：from XXX to XXX; between XXX and XXX; for XXX to XXX多长时间直到 表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多 nearly adv. 几乎，密切地 approximately adv. 近似的，大约 about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围 just over 刚超过 over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾 exactly adv. 正确地，严密地 precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地 比例：20 per cent 20% one in three 1/3 one out of every four 1/4 3. 其它在描述中的常用到的词 significant changes 图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势 during the same period 在同一时期 grow/grew 增长 distribute 分布，区别 unequally 不相等地 pronounced 明显的 average 平均 no doubt 无疑地 corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的 represent vt. 阐述，表现 overall 总体上讲 except 除外 in the case of adv. 在.的情况下 in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在.方面 in contrast 相反，大不相同 in conclusion adv. 最后，总之 in comparison 相比之下 inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地 in general 通常，大体上，一般而言 range from excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外 lower v.降低，跌落 elapse vi.（时间）过去，消逝 category n.种类 government policy 政府政策 market forces 市场规率 measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节 forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测第三部分：的段首和结尾填空式写法段首句: （一）对立观点命题形式的首句： 1. Many people do not doubt that A is superior to B , while others think quite differently on the issue of _. Personally, I stand on the side of A . 2. Some people say A , other people argue B . In a word , _. But I cannot agree this point of view for many reasons. 3. There are different views concerning this topic . Some people like to CHOOSE A , some prefer to CHOOSE B . Personally , I prefer B . I think B has more advantages. 4. From my point of view , it is more advisable to CHOOSE A than to CHOOSE B . 5. Despite the fact that most people prefer A , I would like to choose B because the following reasons . 6. In general , I prefer to _ . 7. As far as I am concerned , I would like to prefer _ . 8. When it comes to _ , most people tend to believe A . But others consider B as _ . 9. When asked about _ , the vast majority of people would support that A . But others regard B as _ . 10. At the risk of address the issue too direct , I prefer A because I think that _ . 11. When asked about _ , many people give their opinions that _ , but other people may see _ differently . 12. When faced with _ , quite a few would claim that _ , but others , in contrast , deem _ as _ . 13. When inquired about _ , the vast majority of people would like to _ , but other people , who hold an opposite view , consider _ as _ . 14. When _ is mentioned _ , most people believe that _ , but other people would rather think _ as _ . 15. While many people may stick to me idea that _ , I would like to prefer _ . （二）单一观点式 A . Agree 1. One of the greatest writers once said that _ . Now , it still has its significant realistic values . 2. I would follow the reasoning that _ . 3. Many people advocate that _ . They claim that _ . My opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons . 4. I totally agree with the statement that _ . The reasons are presented below . 5. After pondering this question on many occasions , I finally reached the conclusion that _ is something worthy to do and I cannot skip it . 6. my arguments for point are listed as follows. 7. I agree with the above statement because _ . 8. Nowhere in the world has the issue of _ been so much debated like in our society . 9. I agree with the statement that _ without reservation because _ . 10. Thinking logically , I can only say that the title statement is valid because _ . 11. I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that _ . 12. Some may hold the opinion that AAA . But others have a negative attitude . As far as I am concerned , I agree that _ . 13. Many one have the idea that AAA . However , many others disagree with this argument . But both side of the problem whether _ are supported by good reasons . 14. Recently , it has been much debated over the problem of AAA . Those who object to AAA announce that _ . But those who favor AAA utter a sonorous voice that _ . 15. Recently , there is vehement discussion on the issue of _ . Those who criticize _ argue that _ . They claim that _ . But people who firmly advocate _ , on the other hand , argue that _ . 16. There is a much-debated problem today about _ . Those who object to _ argue that _ . They are very sure about _ . But people who prefer _ , on the other hand , claim that _ . B . Disagree 1. Until recently , _ was viewed as _ . But people are taking a fresh look at it . 2. Recently , we often hear about _ . But is it ? 3. These days , it is often heard about _ . But is this really the truth ? 4. I feel such an attitude is negative , and that it can bring _. 5. Some people argue as if it is a general truth that _ . But to be frank , I cannot agree with them for the flowing reasons . 6. Despite the fact that many people believe that _ , I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis . 7. Although some people hold the opinion that _ , I wonder whether the argument could bear close examination . 8. In the nationwide , discussion , many people argue that _ . But I can say nothing but _ . 9. Advocates of AAA proclaim that _ , but I _ . 10. Until recently , _ was regarded as _ . But _ . 11. Some people think that _ , but I disagree with this opinion for numerous reasons , as presented below . 12. Now , it is increasingly mentioned that _ . Such people think _ . But I can only cast doubt on whether _ . 13. Now , it is widely believed that _ . These people think _ . But I wonder if _ . 14. I cannot totally the idea that _ . Because , in my point of view , I believe _ . 15. As a matter of fact , I support that _ , but I cannot agree with the title statement . 16. Nowadays , it is widely held that _ . People of this kind think _ .But I doubt whether _ . 结尾句: 1. Taking into account of all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that _ . 2. All reliable evidences point to one saying , that is _ . 3. For the reasons presented above , I strongly commit to the notion that _ . 4. While it is true that _ , I think that _ . 5. Given the factors I have just outlined , I can only say that _ . 6. This is not to say that _ . But in terms of _ , it is _ . 7. Therefore , it is easy to draw the conclusion that _ . 8. Recognizing the fact that _ should drive us to conclude that _ . 9. To put all into a nutshell , I _ . 10. In a word , I support the statement that it is better to _ because第四部分：起始和扩展段落的句式起始段首句常用句式 A proverb says:. 有句谚语说：“.” As the proverb says:. 如谚语说：“.” Everybody knows that. 每个人都知道. Generally speaking. 一般说来. It can be easily proved that. 很容易证明. It goes without saying that. 不用说. It is quite clear that.because. 很明显.,因为. It is often said that. 人们常说. Many people often ask this question:.? 许多人常问这个问题：“.?” It is ture that. .是真实的 No one can deny that. 谁也不能否认. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is. 与上述同样重要的一件事是. The chief reason why. 为什么.的主要原因是. We must recognize that. 我们必须承认. There is no doubt that. 无疑. Im of the opinion that. 我认为. In my point of view. 在我看来. This can be expressed as follows. 这可以从以下几点说明. The reasons are presented below. 原因例举如下. To take. for an example. 以.为例. Therefore we should realize that. 因此我们应该了解. We have reasons to believe that. 我们有理由相信. Now that we know that. 既然我们知道. What is more serious is that. 更严重的是. Anyway,I agree with the idea of. 不管怎样，我同意. I side with the latter opinion. 我同意后一个观点. 推展段首句常用句式 Another special consideration in this case is that. 对这个问题的另一考虑是. Besides,we should not neglect that. 除此之外，我们还不能忽视. But it is a pity that. 但遗憾的是. But the problem is not so simple,therefore. 然而问题并非如此简单，因此. However,. 然而. Others may find this to be ture,but I do not,I believe that. 在别人看来可能是对的，但我个人并不认为如此，我认为. On the other hand,. 另一方面. Perhaps youll question why. 也许你会问为什么. There is certain amount of truth in this,but we still have a problem. 尽管大量事实如此，但我们还有一个疑问. Though we are in basic agreement with. 虽然基本上我们同意. What seems to be the trouble is. 似乎困难是在. Yet difference will be found,what is why I feel that. 然而其中仍有差别，这也正是我们为什么认为. So long as you regard this as reasonable,you may. 只要你认为这合理，你就可以. .should be put in the first place. .应放在首要位置 Next,another factor we must consider is that. 接下来，我们必须考虑的另一因素是. The main reason that can be seen by everyone is that. 每个人都注意到，最主要的原因是. What is also with noticing is that. 另一个值得注意的是. 结尾段首句常用句式 In a word. 总而言之. In conclusion. 由此得出结论. On account of this we can find that. 由此我们可以知道. The result is depend on. 结果视.而定 Therefore,the findings reveal the following information. 因此，这些发现揭示了以下信息. Thus,this is the reason why we must. 因此，这就是我们为什么必须. To sum up. 总而言之.第五部分：写作常用词汇及词组表层进 first, firstly to begin with second, secondly to start with third, thirdly whats more also and then and equally important besides in addition further in the first place