高中英语 Unit1 School life Grammar精品课件 牛津译林版必修1.pptVIP

unit1schoollifegrammar 一 句子的成份 1 主语2 谓语3 宾语4 表语5 状语6 补语7 定语 主语补足语宾语补足语 tiredandsleepy iwenttobed hewasshotdead hethoughtitimportant hepushedthedooropen helivesinlondon shallwedoittomorrow sheisabeautifulgirl sheisanexperiencedteacher 由动词构成 注意时态语态的一致 用在vt的后面 是动作的承受者 用在link v后面 表述主语的特征 状态 身份等 修饰动词 形容词 副词以及全句句子 二 句子的种类 1 简单句 只有一个谓语动词 2 并列句 有两个谓语动词以上 用并列连词连接起来 他们的地位是平列的 3 复合句 有连个以上的谓语动词 其中一个是主句的谓语动词 其他都是从句的谓语动词 sheislaughing sheopenedthedoor sheisagirl 主 谓 vi 主 谓 vt 宾主 谓 link v 表 sheisagirlandheisaboy sheisagirlandcomesfrombeijing sheiscleverbutdoesn tworkhard ididn tgooutbecauseitrainedalot iwanttobeadoctorwhenigrowup 三 从句 1 thisistrue whathesaidistrue 主语从句 2 thisistrue thisiswhatiwanttosay 表语从句 5 sheisabeautifulgirl sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful 3 iknowthisboy iknowwhatyoumean 宾语从句 4 shelivesinlondon sheliveswherethereisbigtree 状语语从句 定语从句 theattributiveclause 1 定义 attributiveclauseisclausetomodifyanunorproninacomplexsentence 2 关键词 先行词 关系代词 关系副词 eg thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear 先行词 定语从句 关系代词 eg thisisthehousewhereilived 先行词 关系副词 定语从句 关系代词 关系副词 whowhomthatwhichwhose whenwherewhy relativepron 引导定语从句 并在从句中充当主语 宾语或表语 主 whothat宾 whowhomthat定 whose b referringtoanobject 主 whichthat宾 whichthat定 whose a referringtoaperson 不管是人作宾语还是物宾语关系代词都可以省略 1 thatmiddle agedwoman istalkingtotheheadmasterisournewteacher 2 theguest wehadbeenwaitingforfinallyarrived 3 doyouknowtheboy yourdaughterwritesto 4 iknowayoungman sisterisanurseinthathospital 5 thegirl lifehesavesisnowacollegestudent 6 thisbookisforstudents nativelanguageisnotchinese a who that who whom that who whom that whose whose whose 先行词为人 1 haveyougotthepresent camethismorning 2 intheweek followedigottoknowtheyoungmanquitewell 3 thankyouverymuchforthepresent yousentme 4 isthistheplace wearegoingtovisit 5 itwasthemeeting importanceididnotrealizeatthetime 6 wevisitedafewfactories productshadagoodmarketinchinatoday b that which that which that which that which whose whose 先行词为物 that的特殊用法 先行词为alleverythinganythingnothinganymoreone等不定代词 指物 先行词被alleverynosomeanylittlemuch等词修饰 指物 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或者先行词本身为序数词或最高级 先行词被theonly thelast thevery thesame等修饰的时候先行词既有人又有物主句是以who或which等开头的特殊疑问句关系代词在定于中做表语先行词为time 次数 和way 方法 时 先行词是way后面关系代词可以是that inwhich idideverything icouldtohelpyou hetoldmeall heknowsthereislittle remainstobesaid isthereanyquestion troublesyoumuchnofilm ihaveseenisbetterthanthisone thefirstenglishnovel ireadwasrobinsoncrusoe thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames ihaveeverseen theonlything wewoulddoistogatherallourmoneytohelpthesick thelastplace wevisitedinthecountrysidewasafarm hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools hehadvisited who hasseenthetvfilmdoesn tadmireit whichisthebestbook youcanfind heisnottheman heusedtobe myhometownisnotthevillage itusedtobeisthisthefirsttime you vecometochina thisistheway welookedaftertheorphan ididn tliketheway shespoketome i who be yourclosefriend willtrymybesttohelpyouout hewho do notreachthegreatwallisnotatrueman mr herpinisoneoftheforeignerswho be workinginchina mr smithistheonlyoneofthethoseforeignerswho be workinginchina 主谓一致 1 从句中谓语要注意和先行词保持数和时态上的一致2 oneof 复数the only oneof 单数 am does are is relativeadverb 引导定语从句 并在从句中充当状语成分 表时间 when表地点 where表原因 why 先行词为reason 注 但在不少情况下 可以不用when 特别是在某些句型和某些状语从句中可用that引导定语从句或可以省略whenitwasthefirsttimethatihadserioustroublewithmyboss shemademefeelathomethemoment theday time iarrived istillremembertheday ifirstgottoparis therearemoments iforgetallaboutit thisisthehour theplaceisfullofchildren thisistheplace ifirstmetmr robinson ialwayswantedtohaveasingleroom icoulddomyhomework thisisthedesk iputmybook theywenttotheplace theybelievedtheycouldfindsomefruit thatisthereason ididn tjointheirgroup thatwasthereason macrefusedtospeakatthemeeting when when when where where where why why where iwillneverforgettheday ijoinedtheleague september18 1913istheday wewillneverforget thatwastheday annleftschoolon isthisthefactory yourfatherworks thisisthefactory wevisitedlastyear isthisfactory wevisitlastyear doyouknowthereason hewaslateforschool thatwasthereason macgavemetheotherday thatwasthereason macrefusedtospeakforatthemeeting 关系代词和关系副词的运用和区别选择用关系代词还是关系副词 看先行词在从句中充当的成分如从句中缺少主语和宾语 则选择关系代词如从句中缺少状语 则选择关系副词所以 知道是定语从句 现看从句 看从句中是否缺少不可缺少的成分 缺少关系代词 不缺少关系副词 when which that which that theone that where which that why which that which that prep relativepron a 关系副词可以用相应的介词加关系代词来代替b 需要加上介词句子意思才完整或者固定词组 c 复合介词 关系代词 关系代词作从句中介词的宾语 heisthemanwhoiamlookingafter heisthemanwhoiamlookingfor 1 介词可放关代前或从句中 一般在不影响句子或词组的含义时 介词可前可后 某些固定词组短语中 一般不拆开 介词仍应该跟在动词之后 2 若介词在关系代词前 关系代词只用whomorwhich 不可用whoorthat 所以表人用prep whom表物用prep which 3 若介词在从句中 作宾语的关代可省略 若介词在关系代之前 关系代词不可省 1 when根据具体情况可拆分成 onwhichinwhichatwhichduringwhich2 介词必须放在which的前面 10o clockisthetimewhenourplanearrives 10o clockisthetimeatwhichourplanearrives 10o clockisthetimewhichourplanearrivesat 1 where根据具体情况可拆分成 inwhichonwhichatwhichfromwhich等2 介词可放which前 也可以放在从句中 thisisthehotelwhereioftenstay thisisthehotelatwhichioftenstay thisisthehotelwhichioftenstayat why拆分的具体情况1 why forwhich2 thereason在主句中作主语不可改成forwhich doyouknowthereasonwhyherefusedtocome doyouknowthereasonforwhichherefusedtocome thereasonwhyherefusedtocomeisnotclear thereasonforwhichherefusedtocomeisnotclear istillremembertheday ifirstgottoparis therearemoments iforgetallaboutit thisisthehour theplaceisfullofchildren thisistheplace ifirstmetmr robinson ialwayswantedtohaveasingleroom icoulddomyhomework thisisthedesk iputmybook theywenttotheplace theybelievedtheycouldfindsomefruit thatisthereason ididn tjointheirgroup thatwasthereason macrefusedtospeakatthemeeting onwhich atwhich duringwhich inwhich inwhich inwhich forwhich forwhich onwhich iwillneverforgettheday ijoinedtheleague september18 1913istheday wewillneverforget thatwastheday annleftschoolon isthisthefactory yourfatherworks thisisthefactory wevisitedlastyear isthisfactory wevisitlastyear doyouknowthereason hewaslateforschool thatwasthereason macgavemetheotherday thatwasthereason macrefusedtospeakforatthemeeting 关系代词和关系副词的运用和区别选择用关系代词还是关系副词 看先行词在从句中充当的成分如从句中缺少主语和宾语 则选择关系代词如从句中缺少状语 则选择关系副词所以 知道是定语从句 现看从句 看从句中是否缺少不可缺少的成分 缺少关系代词 不缺少关系副词 when which that which that theone that where which that why which that which that onwhich inwhich forwhich 1 ifyoumovetothathouse youwillhaveneighbors yourwifeistoquarrel 2 doyouknowthecomrade wearetalking 3 theknife wecutthebreadisverysharp 4 hisnaughtygrandsonhastakenawayhisglasses theoldmancanseenothing 5 thisistheworker thebookwaswritten 6 theyellowriveristhesecondlongestriverinchina morethan10bridgeshavebeenbuilt 7 theman ilearnedthenews isanengineer 8 that sthequestion theclasswillhaveadiscussion 9 itrainedallnightandallday whichtimetheshipbrokeintopieces 10 heisaman noonehasbetterrighttospeak b withwhom towhom withwhich withoutwhich bywhom overwhich fromwhom aboutwhich during thanwhom c 1 theprofessorisanordinary lookinglittleman onthenoseofwhomthereisapairofthickglasses 2 therearemanygirlshere noneofwhomlikefootball 3 chinahasalotoffamouswriters oneofwhomisluxun 4 chinahasalotofislands oneofwhichistaiwan 5 thetoweris40metershigh onthetopofwhichwecanseequitealargepartofcity 6 iusedtoliveinahouse infrontofwhichgrewatalltress 7 ihavealotoffriends someofwhomarecollegestudents 8 isawsometress theleavesofwhichwereblackwithdisease 1 whose在定语从句中作adj 使用 相当于所有格的his her its their 2 whose n the n ofwhichthe n ofwhom p s 关系代词whose也可以拆分如下 heisthestudentwhosecompositionwonthefirstprize heisthestudentthecompositionofwhomwonthefirstprize ilovethehousewhosewindowsfacethelake ilovethehousethewindowsofwhichfacethelake restrictiveattributiveclause non restrictiveattributiveclause 限制性定语从句对前面的内容进行限制修饰 缺少它 意思不能成形 非限制性定语从句对前面的内容进行补充说明 有无不改变句子基本含义 在三种情况下只能用非限制定语从句 1 先行词为专有名词 人名 地名 2 先行词为独一无二的东西3 整个句子 which只能放在先行词之后 一般作主语 as可放在先行词之前 一般作宾语 theelephantislikeawall anyonecansee hedidn thastheexam makeshisfathermad as which mr li whoisveryold isourdirector mydaughter whosebod