含答案Unit 4 Astronomy单词课文学案.doc

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 单词学案1. 重点单词(1)_ (adj.) 猛烈的，强暴的 _ (n.)(2) _(prep.) 不同，不像 _dislike_ (vt.) 不喜欢(3) _harm_ (vt.& n.) 损害，危害 _harmful_ (adj.)(4) _ (n.) 宗教，宗教信仰 _religious_ (adj.)(5) _exist_ (vi.) 存在，生存 _existence_ (n.)2. in time _ on tine _(按时，准时) They were just in time for the bus. 译：(他们及时赶上了公共汽车。) You will learn how to do it _. 你早晚能学会做这件事的. The train arrived _. 火车准点到达。 at one time _(一度，曾经) at times _(有时，间或) in no time _(立即，马上) at the same time _(同时，但还是)3. fundamental adj. _ Hard work is _ to success. 勤奋工作是成功的基础. There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view. 译: (这两个观点有根本的区别.)fundamental n, _(基础，基本规律，基本原理)fundamentally adv. _ (根本上，完全地) 4. harmful adj, _harm n. _ (损伤,损害)harmless adj. _ (无害的)harmlessly adv. _be harmful to _ (对 有害)do sb. harm=do harm to sb. _对某人有害_Fruit juices can be harmful to childrens teeth. 译: (果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿.)Smoking has a _ effect to our health. 吸烟有害我们的健康.Smoking does _ to our health. 吸烟有害健康.Everyone knows smoking is _ to their health, but many of them cant bear themselves away from it.A. harmful B. good C. helpful D. bad 5. exist 词性_ 词义_The idea exists only in the mind of poets. 译: (这种想法只有诗人才有.)没有空气食物和水我们就不能生存. 译: (We cant exist without air,food or water.)拓展: existing adj, _ (现存的.现行的)exist in _ (存在于) existence n, _(存在)come into existence=begin to exist_(出现,产生，开始存在)When did Pakistan _B_as an independent country?A. was; come into existence B. did; come into existenceC. was; come into existence D. did; come to exitence6. in ones turn _When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak. 译:in turn _ (依次，轮流；反之，反过来)They gave their names in turn._by turns_ 轮流;交替We did the work by turns. 译:Take turns in sth,/to do sth _ (轮流做)You can take turns to use the computer. 译: (你们可以轮流使用电脑)It is ones turn to do sth.( 轮到某人干某事)轮到你值日了. 译: (It is your duty to be on duty.)Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give off oxygen _B.A. in case B. in turn C. in return D. in addition (以防； 依次，反过来； 作为回报； 另外，还 ) 改错The girls called out their names by turn. (turn- turns)In my turn, they have become the winner. (my- their)7. preventfrom _ 近义短语: stop(fom) /keepfrom/discouragefromprotectfrom/against _注意: prevent/stop from中的from 在主动句中可以省略,而keepdoing sth.意为“使.不停地做某事”.Nothing can _ him from marring her, 什么也阻止不了他娶她。(prevent)The teachers words discouraged him _ his dream, 老师的话使他未能实现梦想.(from realizing)Its too bright in the sun. Youd better wear a pair of dark glasses to _ your eyes _B_ the sun.A. stop; from B. protect; from C. keep; from D. protect; for(戴上墨镜是为了保护眼睛免受太阳的照射.)8. multiply t. &vi 乘；增加3 _ 5 is 15. 三乘五等于十五. (multiplied by)One can make 12 by _ 2 and 6 (together). 以2、6相乘可得12. (multiplying)When animals have more food, they generally multiply faster. 译：(动物吃得越多，通常繁殖得也越快.)9. lay eggs _lay vt. _She laid the baby down gently on the bed. 译: ( 她把婴儿轻轻地放在床上.)_ for dinner. 摆桌子吃饭。(lay the table)10. give birth to 生产，分娩 她昨天晚上生了一个健康的宝宝。. 译：( She gave birth to a healthy baby last night,)Marxs ideas_ communism. 马克思的思想孕育了共产主义. (gave birth to)11. block out _, 忘掉，抹去(不愉快的事)block _off_ (用路障)封锁，堵住block _up_ 塞住，封住(孔，洞)Black clouds _ the sun. 乌云遮住了太阳. (blocked out)The main road of the village has been _.村子的主要道路被封锁.(blocked off)My nose is _. 我的鼻子不通.(blocked up)The post office is _(两街区远).(block) (two blocks away)The memory was so terrible that she tried to _(抹去它). (block) (block it out)12. float vi.&vt. _ n. _Wood usually _floats_ on water. 木头常浮在水上The little girl watched the balloon _float up into_ the sky. 那个小女孩看着气球飘上了天空.The divers tried _to float_ the sunk ship. 潜水员尽力使沉船浮起来.13. now that _引导_原因_状语从句. 在语义上相当于_since_,that在口语中可省略._Now that he is busy_, we wont wait for him. 既然他很忙, 我们就不等他了.同义词: _since; seeing that_Since you are ill, I ll go alone. 译: 既然你病了，那我就一个人去。Seeing (that) he is busy, hes unlikely to come. 译: 他很忙，可能不会来了。14. break out _The war _ between the two countries. 这两国之间爆发了战争.(broke out)那晚他邻居家发生了火灾. 译: _ 填空; break _away from_ 脱离/挣脱. break _out_ (战争，灾难等)突然发生break _through_ 冲破，取得突破break _down_ 出故障，坏掉，失败；(健康等) 垮掉break _into_ 破门而入break _up_ 粉碎，解散 The computer system _ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.A. broke down B. broke out C. break up D. break in After being ill, her health _broke down_. 生病之后,她的身体垮掉了.The meeting _broke up_ at 10 oclock in the morning. 会议在上午十点散会.The computer system _A_ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.A. broke down B. broke out C. break up D. break in 12. watch out _Watch out_!There is a car coming! Watch out for cars when you cross the road! 译：单词拼写1. The stone rolled down the hill by _gravity_. (引力)2. A _biologist_ (生物学家) is mainly studing biology.3. He is _gentle_ (温和的，文雅的) person, and we all consider him as a gentleman.4. _Physicists_(物理学家) are still interested in magnetism(磁力). 5. He _pulled_ (拉) the door open and rushed out.6. There are two spacemen in the _spaceship_(宇宙飞船)。7. He found something _floating_ (漂浮) on the lake, which frightened him.8. He _cheered_ (振奋) up at the thought of buying a new car. Unit4readingI.Read the text and match the main idea of each paragraph.Paragraph 1: a.The importance of water for life Paragraph 2: b.The development of plants and animals on the earth Paragraph 3: c.The formation of the earth Paragraph 4: d.A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe Paragraph 5: e.The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth II.Fill in the blacks. The development of the earth Time The earth A cloud of dust A solid globe Exploded with fire and rock Produce C/N water vapor, etc. Water began to appearIII.Can you put the order of development of life into a time line?1. Insects and amphibians appeared. 2. Dinosaurs appeared.3. The earth became a solid ball. 4.Small plants grew on the water.5. Reptiles appeared. 6. Plants began to grow on dry land.7. The earth was a cloud of dust 8. Water appeared on the earth9. Shellfish and other fish appeared. 10. The universe began with a “Big Bang”.11. Clever animals with hands and feet appeared 12. Mammals appeared.IV.Whats the writing style of the text?A. Narrative 记叙文B. Explanation 说明文C. Essay 散文v. Phrases and Useful Expressions1. circle around 2. according to 3. a widely accepted theory 4. in all directions 5. in time 6. cool down 7. be fundamental to 8. a chain action 9. make it possible forto do10. give birth to 11. prevent from 12. millions of years to comeVI.Understanding.Match the phrases underlined with their correct meaning.1.They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases.2.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.3.Carbon dioxide prevents heat from escaping from the earth.4.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.A. increase in number B. importantC. stop/keepfrom D. after a long period of timeVii,Key words .explode1). vt.vi（使某物）炸开，爆炸 ；炸弹，火药）爆炸2). （指感情）激发 +with anger 勃然大怒3). （指人口）突然或迅速增加 翻译iThe firework exploded in his hand and he was hurt seriously. iiI was frightened when she exploded into loud laughter. iiiNow it is not easy to find jobs with the exploding population.explosion n. 爆炸（声） explosive adj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的 n.炸药，爆炸物 cool adj.凉快；冷静；冷淡 v. （使）变冷；冷静下来 =calm / settle down 翻译. 1) I knew I had to keep cool. 2) The rain has cooled the air. 3) Let your soup