说现在job.doc

AA01 .(3次)说现在job market for teaching positions 经历一个hardtime 理由是一个大学的毕业生很难找到教书的工作，然后又说最近好了，这个大学的毕业生也比较容易找到这方面的工作了，同时到达大学年龄的人也多了，这个trend更显然了。The following appeared as part of an article in the education section of a Waymarsh City newspaper. “Throughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. Those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University had an especially hard time finding such jobs. But better times are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten years; consequently, we can expect that the job market will improve dramatically for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their fields.” Waymarsh城日报教育版的一篇文章： 过去的20年内，研究生毕业生发现找到在大学教授他们的学术专长的工作是很困难的。那些从Waymarsh获得研究生学位的要找到这类工作尤其困难。但在下个10年，寻找学术工作的人（包括那些Waymarsh大学的）的好日子要来了。人口统计趋势显示达到上大学年龄的人将在未来10年增加。我们可预期对那些在他们的领域寻找大学教学工作的人来说，工作市场将显著增大。1.1适龄人口增加不一定上大学人数就一定增加1.2就算上大学人数增加需要的大学老师也不一定增加1.3就算需要的老师增加,waymarsh的就业也不见得会水涨船高.2.1人口增加也不一定都上大学。很可能都选择了就业。2.2even if we grant the preceding assumption上大学的人多了不一定需要更多老师，很可能大学通过增大一个班人数的方式，保持原有老师数；2.3就算需要GRADUATED DEGREE的人，也不代表W也会benefit from this trend，缺少信息，它可能是一个质量不好的大学，学校不会从这里的人中挑选。foretold regarding the employability02.(32)The following appeared in the editorial section of a West Cambria newspaper.“A recent review of the West Cambria volunteer ambulance service revealed a longer average response time to accidents than was reported by a commercial ambulance squad located in East Cambria. In order to provide better patient care for accident victims and to raise revenue for our town by collecting service fees for ambulance use, we should disband our volunteer service and hire a commercial ambulance service.” 一份西Cambria报纸的社论片断： 最近的对西Cambria的志愿救护服务的回顾显示出其对事故的平均应对时间比设在东Cambria的一个商业救护班要长。为了给事故受害者提供更好的医护服务并通过收取急救服务费来提高我们镇的税收，我们应当解散志愿救护并雇佣商业救护服务。03 SmartPro Software, Inc.: “Currently, more professional accountants use SmartPro accounting software than any other brand. However, in the market for personal accounting software for nonprofessionals to use in preparing their income tax returns, many of our competitors are outselling us. In surveys, our professional customers repeatedly say that they have chosen SmartPro Software because our most sophisticated software products include more advanced special features than competing brands. Therefore, the most effective way for us to increase sales of our personal accounting software for home users would clearly be to add the advanced special features that our professional software products currently offer.”Discuss how well reasoned . . .etc. SmartProt公司在professional accounting software占有有利地位。但是在non-professional accounting software for home users上逊色于其竞争对手。home users用software prepare income tax refund。根据对professional users的调查，大部分人愿意选择SmarProt的software是因为其中有advanced special features，所以SmartProt公司决定要在none-professional accounting software上增加advanced special feartures，用以促进销售增长。04(52)(3次)The construction last year of a shopping mall in downtown Oak City was a mistake. Since the mall has opened, a number of local businesses have closed, and the downtown area suffers from an acute parking shortage, and arrests for crime and vagrancy have increased in the nearby Oak City Park. Elm City should pay attention to the example of the Oak City mall and deny the application to build a shopping mall in Elm City.” Elm城的报纸上的社论： 去年在橡树城市中心修建购物中心是个错误。由于中心开业，大量的本地企业倒闭了。而且市中心受到严重缺乏停车位的困扰。在附近的橡树城公园拘捕的罪犯和流浪汉也增加了。榆树城应该注意橡树城购物中心的例子并防止在榆树城建立购物中心。 05The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper.“Hippocrene Plumbing Supply recently opened a wholesale outlet in the location once occupied by the Cumquat Cafe. Hippocrene has apparently been quite successful there because it is planning to open a large outlet in a nearby city. But the Cumquat Cafe, one year after moving to its new location, has seen its volume of business drop somewhat from the previous years. Clearly, the former site is a better business location, and the Cumquat Cafe has made a mistake in moving to its new address.” Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.Hippocrene铅管供应商在一度为Cumquat咖啡店的地方开了一家直销店。Hippocrene现在相当的成功，因为他们正计划在临近城市开一家大的直销店。但是Cumquat咖啡店在搬到新地址一年后发现它的业务量比前一年有所下降。很明显，它的前一个地址是一个更好的商务地址，Cumquat咖啡店作出搬迁决定是错误的。06 (1) （3次）The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”下面摘自一家冷冻食品处理商（processor）奥林匹克食品提交给股东的年报：随着时间流逝，由于机构了解了做好事情的方法进而提高了效率，处理的成本会降低。比如在彩色胶卷处理方面，3/5英寸照片的成本从1970年的5天50cent降至1984年的1天20cent。同样的规律适用于食品处理方面。由于奥林匹克食品即将庆祝它的25岁生日，我们可以指望我们长期的经验会使我们达到最小的成本和最大的利润。1 false analogy: The food industry is not analogous to the color film industry. 2 causal oversimplification: Other factors that may contribute t to the cost decline of the printing cost should be considered and ruled out. 3 gratuitous assumption: The conclusion of the argument is based on a gratuitous assumption that the company can minimize cost and maximize profit because the company has been conducted for 25 years.1 错误类比：color film processing和processing of food不相同。problems of spoilage, contamination, and timely transportation都只影响food 不影响film. 2 同时，忽略他因。是否是因为组织更有效率才使COST下降的？很可能是material necessary for the process下降了价钱。所以，两者更不同。gratuitous assumption：二十五年不代表学到了很多。很可能什么都没学到，或者技术已经out of date.07(100& 黄金106)The following appeared as part of a business plan by the Capital Idea Investment firm.“Currently more and more books are becoming available in electronic form either free of charge on the Internet or for a very low price per book on CD-ROM.* People who would not pay bookstore prices will now have access to whatever book they want from their home or work computers. Consequently, literary classics are likely to be read more widely than ever before: 72 percent of those responding to a recent online survey said they would read books in electronic form, and 81 percent said they believed that reading classic works was important. Given this newly developing market, we should invest in E-Classics, a new company that sells electronic versions of literary classics.”*A CD-ROM is a small portable disc capable of storing relatively large amounts of data that can be read by a computer.报纸的图书版的文章： 现在越来越多的书有了电子版，或者放在网上免费获得，或者在光盘上以很低的价格出售。因此文学经典可以得到比以前更广泛的阅读。不能以书店价格购买这些书的人现在可以用很少的钱或者不花钱来阅读他们。类似的，觉得去图书馆或者等待其他人还书不方便的人现在可以通过家里或者工作用的电脑得到他想要的任何名著。这和文学名著接触的增长将从根本上影响公众的阅读品味，塑造比以前更成熟更博学的读者。1.More accesses to cheaper books do not necessarily guarantee the desire to read classics.2.the survey is doubtful3.It is hard to make profit when there are so many E-books available on the net08 The following appeared in a memorandum from the owner of Carlos Clothing to the staff.“Since Disc Depot， the music store on the next block， began a new radio advertising campaign last year， its business has grown dramatically， as evidenced by the large increase in foot trafficsintosthe store. While the Disc Depots owners have apparently become wealthy enough to retire， profits at Carlos Clothing have remained stagnant for the past three years. Insgroupsto boost our sales and profits， we should therefore switch from newspaper advertising to frequent radio advertisements like those for Disc Depot.”Discuss how well reasonedetc. 09“On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avias passengers.”Avia航空的部门备忘录： 平均地，去年乘坐Avia的1000个乘客中有9个针对我们的行李处理流程写了投诉信。这说明虽然有大约1%的乘客对这一流程表示不满，乘客的主体对它还是满意的。所以对流程的重新审查对我们要保持和提高Avia的乘客数这一目标不是很重要的。10(108)The following appeared as part of a business plan created by the management of the Take Heart Fitness Center.“After opening the new swimming pool early last summer, Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by members. Therefore, in order to increase the number of our members and thus our revenues, which depend on membership fees, we should continue to add new recreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose game room, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in the area offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage in the health and recreation market.”Take Heart健身中心的管理者起草的商业计划： 去年夏天开了新的游泳池以后，TH发现会员对中心的使用率增加了12。因此，为了增加我们的会员数量和决定于会员费的收入，我们应该在以后几年中继续增加新的娱乐设施：比如，一个多功能游戏室，一个网球场，一个迷你高尔夫球场。作为本地唯一一家提供各种活动的健身中心，我们将在健身和娱乐市场建立竞争优势。1.忽略他因。2.错误类比。3.收入和支出1.causal oversimplification2.a benefit-cost analysis should be given3.Whether the proposed recreational facilities are popular among the people of this area is unknown.11 analyst给一家航空公司CEO的关于今年profit的report 大意是：fact1:profits今年比去年大幅下降 fact2: 由于燃油涨价导致fuel expenditure大幅上升 fact3:new flights this year 简单来说就是油价上涨,只有我们加航线了,其他公司利润上升,我们的降了,所以应该取消航线一个航空公司利润下降，油价上升，添加新飞机，至少有一个原因。因为其他的airlines同样面对油价下降，但利润没有下降，所以为了提高利润应该取消添加的飞机由于一些其他航空公司同样面对fuel expenditure上涨 但profits比上年有所提升 所以燃油费用上涨不能单独作为profits下降的原因 所以new flights must be reponsible12（136）The following appeared in a memorandum from the information technology department of a major advertising firm:“The more efficient a firms employees are, the more profitable that firm will be. Improvements in a firms information technology hardware and software are a proven way to increase the efficiency of employees who do the majority of their work on computers. Therefore, if our firm invests in the most powerful and advanced information technology available, employee productivity will be maximized. This strategy ensures that every dollar spent on enhanced information technology will help to increase our firms profit margins.” Discuss how well reasoned . . .etc.员工工作效率的提高可以给企业带来利益。通过提高INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY的软硬件可以提高那些主要依赖于电脑的员工的工作效率。所以某公司决定在软硬件方面多投资，这样的话提高了员工的产能，也能为企业带来收益。13说某W地方国家公园近年来由于污染，影响了游客的数量，导致W地区经济下滑。同时，近年来发现了很多矿产，建议当地政府允许开发矿产，可以改善经济，增加就业。因此作者得出结论，开发W地区国家公园里的矿产是保证W地区经济复兴的最好办法。（wingbell ： 我找的错误：all the things are equal，不一定旅游业持续走低，可能国家正在才去措施治理污染，振兴旅游业。one-sideness.一方面N是旅游国家，半路出家做工业肯定比不过工业国家没有竞争力，而且开矿肯定会使旅游业进一步恶化。information too vague:不一定是最好的方法，对不同的national park分别对待肯定更好。）14(62)The following appeared in the letters-to-the-editor section of a local newspaper.“Muscle Monthly, a fitness magazine that regularly features pictures of bodybuilders using state-of-the-art exercise machines, frequently sells out, according to the owner of Skyview Newsstand. To help maximize fitness levels in our towns residents, we should, therefore, equip our new community fitness center with such machines.”本地报纸上给编者的信板块： 一份叫Muscle Monthly的健康杂志规律性地刊登使用最好的训练器械的健美运动员的照片。据skyview报摊的摊主说它经常卖完。为了提高我镇居民的健康水平，我们应该给我们的新健身中心装备这样的器械。1 The bodybuilders may just pretend to be using the state-of-the-art exercise machines while, in fact, their excellent body conditions are due to the use of other types of equipment. And, they just do so for the advertisement purpose.2 The circulation is just one of the indicators of the popularity of the magazine. What is more, I can find no direct relationship between the popularity of the magazine and the authors suggestion that we should equip the community with the state-of-the-art excercise machine.T3 he machines for body building will not necessarily have the same effect on fitness.1 如果杂志卖光得快不一定是因为这个器材好，很可能是价钱便宜，和其他的内容。2 那些人很可能并不真正用这些机器，而只是摆出造型。3 如果是为了body-building的机器很可能不能fitness。比如，cardiovascular fitness。15Apen公司给经理配备电脑并能连接网络，使productivity增长了15%，其他公司也采取了这个策略，认为额外的工作时间能够获得额外的profit AI01 （2次） People have the duty to disobey the rules when they consider unjust.02Providing health care should be the fundamental responsibility to the government.03（2）2. Although most people wish to live long lives, attempting to significantly extend the average human life span would be a mistake. If achieved, this would place an enormous burden on resources, lowering the quality of life for everyone. 04(37)(2次) “Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schools should devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts and humanities.”“由于对现代社会来说，科学和技术正在变得越来越基本，学校应该投入更多的时间教授科学技术而减少艺术和人文的教育。”05(40)“With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and international cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country.”“随着对全球经济和跨国公司的关注增加，人们需要理解他们作为世界公民的角色比作为一个特定国家的公民的角色更重要。” 1 两者并不是完全对立的环保2 事实上两者可以相互促进一个人在一个国家做慈善工作很可能也会有一天为别的国家的人服务3 当两者冲突的时候哪个更重要取决与不同的情况。代替取代supersede compatible be compatible with. citizenship domain This one person would be acting consistently as a citizen of community, state, nation and world.admittedly conflicting obligation arise dual Admittedly, conflicting/clashing/discordant obligations sometimes arise as a result of our new dual citizenship.obligatory In sum, although our dual citizenship may at times lead to conflict, one role need not automatically take precedence over the other. more often than not The relationship between the two roles is, more often than not, a complementary one, and can even be synergistic. synergistic coactive complement complementary supplement1 有时, 很多问题是全球性的,需要世界公民的角度考虑,而非只站在一国角度. 比如,环境问题, 能源问题, 等等. 人们应该为整个地球负责任,而不仅仅是为了一个民族或国家. 因为, 如果是后者, 则很有可能只解决自己的问题, 而把危害转移到别的国家. shift the burden and threats from one nation to another比如: 出口垃圾,比如大量进口发展中国家的木材.虽然自己的国家暂时解决了问题,但长远看, 没有国家孤立地存在, 不能short-sight and narrow mind, 因为interdependent.2 但这不意味着人们就要discard or weaken their role as citizens of one nation. 其实两者并不是incompatible, 更多时候, 可以作为complementary oneand can even be synergistic.比如the preservation of traditional culture, 人们作为一国公民,保护自己独特文化的同时, 实际上也为全球的diversity of culture作出了positive effort. 比如, 为一个国家的public service付出努力的同时, 很可能激发起公民的社会责任感和compassion and responsibility, 参与到国际public service 中, 比如很多charitarian就开始从对本国的慈善事业subsidize the school in one nation也激发起对attention to the education in the international scope.View1: peoples role as citizens of the world is become more and more important in the modern society.View2: Without the awareness of being citizens of a particular country, people will find no roots to behave on the stage of the world. View3: these two roles, national and international, are not mutually exclusive alternatives. They can be properly combined. 06(2次)学校是不是应该只教academic skills 而不教社会。能力（还没找到原题）07“Employees should keep their private lives and personal activities as separate as possible from the workplace.”“雇员应该保持他们的私人生活和个人行为尽量远离工作场所。”1 Personal activities should not be brought to ones workplace since they can reduce ones efficiency. Thinking about ones private life can distract one from his or her work. 2 Talking about private life and doing personal activities can disturb other fellow workers. 3 It is inevitable for a person to think about his or her private life and to do some personal activities at the workplace. But an employee should do his or her best to focus on the work when at workplace. 1 it is true that employees can hardly only work like a machine, that is to say, inevitably, they may carry some personal emotions while working. Sharing the personal interests and activities moderately may help build the positive relationship among colleagues.2 However, it is not a wise choice to let the employees to bring all their private life and personal activities to the workplace. 仍然举上面的例子来说，a mother worried about her child cannot efficiently focus on her task even if the deadline is coming. a girl who breaks up with her boyfriend during the work time will probably talk to other fellows about the bad emotion, which may have a potentially negative influence on the productivity of the staff. so onallow personal life to impinge upon their job performance or intrude on coworkers.(sample)Optional words: Separate/ isolate/ excludeThesis sentence: I agree with the authors point of view towards the relationship between private life and work because bring private life to workplaces has many bad effects on both the one who does so and people around him.View1: personal activities should not be brought to the workplace since they can reduce ones efficiency.Evidence:View2: dealing with ones personal affairs at the workplace will inevitably produce negative effects on other co-workers. Evidence: Inspirer imitations thus affect the morale and productivity. Working atmosphere, morale, corporate culture.View3: since sometimes problems of private life will catch people all the time, the supervisors should be more sensitive to their subordinators difficulties, and help them to handle them properly. 08（27） “A companys long-term success is primarily dependent on the job satisfaction and the job security felt b