2012统计学A答案.doc

班级： 学号： 姓名： 装 订 线 杭州师范大学 生命与环境科学 学院20112012学年第一学期期末考试环境统计学试卷（A）参考答案一、基础统计分析1、 用下表人类头发颜色观测频次（O）的抽样数据，要求：（1）填写头发颜色的理论频次分布；（2）用卡方好适度检测和对数似然比例(G-test)检测人类黑色、棕色、金色和红色头发颜色是否吻合2：2：2：1的颜色分布。BlackBrownBlondRedNO50502020140E40404020140X2 = 15.0 7.81 P 7.81 P 0.05 头发颜色不符合2：2：2：1卡方检验：X2= （注意只有在自由度=1的时候，要减去0.5）G检验：O(实际值)，E(理论值)=纵和*横和/总和 2*O*LN(O/E) 求和=G值2、下面是一组随机抽样调查女性月经周期的数据，检测女性平均月经周期等于农历月（29.5天）的假设是否成立。月经周期数据：22, 28, 24, 29, 33, 25, 26, 23, 30, 28, 27, 29, 26, 29, 32 and 27 dayst = -2.80 df = 15 P = 0.0133 7.81; df = 3; P 0.05; 人类发色频次分布与性别有关。Species ASpecies B31.642.233.444.034.242.235.944.037.242.240.044.040.242.243.444.047.549.34、右表是某两种鸟翼长的抽样数据，试分别用t-检验、Mann-Whitney秩检验和单因子方差分析检测两种鸟的翼长是否存在差异t = 4.716, df = 16, P = 0.000233 差异显著U = 4 P = 0.00138 差异显著6A BT检验： Statistics-Basic statistics-(t-text independent 竖的箭头)-选样本-ok-summary U检验：Statistics-Nonparametrics-comparing two independent samples-选样本（左数据，右组别）-M-W U text （2个因子）5、请填写以下未完成的表格并用Mann-Whitney检验由两个助教指导的学生是否具有相同的学业表现Teaching assistant ATeaching assistant BGradeRank of gradeGradeRank of gradeA+1A4A4A4A4A4A-8B +10A-8B 12A-8B12B12B-14C+15.5D25C+15.5D25C18.5D25C18.5D25C18.5D25C18.5D-29C-21.5D-29C-21.5D-29U = 73; P = 0.101; 差异不显著U检验：Statistics-Nonparametrics-comparing two independent samples-选样本（左数据，右组别）-M-W U text （2个因子）6. 抽测某渔场16次放养记录，结果如表（x1:投饵量，x2:放养量 y：鱼产量。单位：kg）。试求：x19.58.09.59.89.713.59.512.59.411.47.78.312.58.06.512.9x21.92.02.62.72.02.42.32.23.32.33.62.12.52.43.21.9y7.16.410.410.97.010.07.99.312.87.510.36.69.57.77.09.51 鱼产量对投饵量、放养量的线性回归方程。y = 0.584x1+2.964x2-4.3492 复相关系数和x1、x2的偏相关系数。0.823 x1: 0.655 x2：0.8195. 线性回归方程: Statistics-Multiple Regression-选样本(左y右x)-ok-summary结果：线性回归方程。y = 0.584x1+2.964x2-4.349 复相关系数和x1、x2的偏相关系数：0.823 x1: 0.655 x2：0.819二、综合统计分析附录是孵化温度对某种卵生变温动物卵孵化和孵出幼体特征的影响的数据。要求将该组数据粘贴到统计软件包，以便于做以下统计分析1、试用G-检验检测28 C孵出的幼体性比是否偏离1：1 G = 0.291 0.05; 未偏离1: 1性比2、试用以孵化热环境和性别为因子的双因子方差分析分别显示不同孵化热环境温度、不同性别，以及孵化热环境与性别的交互作用对孵化时间（DINC）的影响temp: F3, 116 = 23.7; P 0.001sex: F1, 116 = 0.1; P = 0.728temp*sex: F3, 116 = 5.0; P = 0.00261 Statistics-ANOVA-Factorial AMOVA-选样本（左DINC右SEX,TEMP)-OK- All effects3、填充下表，随后用恰当的统计方法比较四个温度处理下的入孵卵重的平均值是否存在差异TemperatureValid NMeanMedianRangeStandard deviationStandard error24 C3117.817.612.63.280.5926 C3118.319.48.82.710.4928 C3118.317.510.52.880.5230 C3118.217.29.22.450.44F3, 120 = 0.177; P = 0.912 Statistics-Basic Statistics-Descriptive Statistics-选样本(IEM)-select cases（Tem=24)-OK-SummaryStatistics-ANOVA-one way-选样本(左IEM右TEM)-ok-All effects4、请以初生卵重为协变量、孵化热环境为因子的单因子协方差分析填充以下表格，并检验孵化温度是否显著影响表中两个幼体变量variable平行性（斜率）检验的F值和显著性水平（F value and significance levels for slopes）截距检验的F值和显著性水平（F value and significance levels for intercepts）SVLF3,116 = 2.056; P = 0.110F3, 119 = 1.341; P = 0.264HWMF3,116 = 1.791; P = 0.153F3, 119 = 0.757; P = 0.5205、请以幼体体长SVL为协变量、孵化热环境为因子的单因子协方差分析填充以下表格，并检验孵化温度是否显著影响表中两个幼体变量，并检验矫正后的头长HL和头宽HW在四个温度下的差异（用Tukeys post hoc多重比较）variable平行性（斜率）检验的F值和显著性水平（F value and significance levels for slopes）截距检验的F值和显著性水平（F value and significance levels for intercepts）HLF3,116 = 0.943; P = 0.423F3,119 = 1.432; P = 0.237HWF3,116 = 1.024; P = 0.385F3,119 = 149.84; P b c)平行性：Statistics-Advanced linear-General Linear-Homogeneity of slops-ok-选样本(左：HL中：单 因子Tem 右：协变量SVL)-OK-All effects 截距检验：Statistics-Advanced linear-General Linear-Analysis of covariance-选样本(左：HL中：单 因子Tem 右：协变量SVL)-OK-All effects p黑色，无差异。共同斜率：Statistics-Advanced linear-General Linear-Analysis of covariance-选样本(左：HW中：单因子Tem 右：协变量SVL)-OK-more result-summart-coeficient K=0.087217Y=y-k(x-平均值)将校正后的的HW复制到SATISTICA，Statistics-ANOVA-one way-选样本(左HW 右TEM)-ok-more result-Post hoc-Tukey Hsd(2)26 a(1)24 b(3)28 b(4)30 c6、请用主成分分析（特征值 0.5）检测从四个温度孵出的幼体是否存在形态表型变异。各处理卵大小效应用入孵卵重与各有关变量的回归剩余值去除。要求 (1) 填写下表 (2)显示各区分出的向量中起主要作用的形态变量variablefactor loadingFactor (PC) 1Factor (PC) 2Factor (PC) 3SVL0.822527-0.232534-0.242172HWM0.839207-0.163942-0.217526HL0.5780060.2890500.762791HW0.1750070.924389-0.338017variance explained (%)43.638425.474820.05181. Statisticas-Multiple Regession-选变量（SVL/HWM/HL/HW,IEM-OK-continue-continue-OK-OK-summary：Residuals 将四个变量的Residuals 复制到excel，取最后四行，求的每列绝对值的最大值，复制，计算：变量/绝对值的最大值，将计算好的复制到Statistics。2. Statistics -Multivariate Exploratory Techniques-Factor analysis -max写4，min按题目特征值写0.5-OK-summary：Factory loadingsAppendix: The effects of incubation temperature on incubation length and hatchlings of a hypothetic ectothermTemperature孵化温度: Incubation temperatureSEX孵出幼体性别: The sex of hatchlings; 1 = female and 2 = maleDINC孵化时间: Days of incubationIEM入孵卵重: Initial egg mass in gramSVL幼体体长: Hatchling snout-vent lengthHWM幼体湿重: Hatchling wet mass in gramHL幼体头长: Hatchling head lengthHW幼体头宽: Hatchling head widthTemperature（C）SEXDINCIEMSVLHWMHLHW24156.521.669529.4517.2889516.0757.5124156.321.912529.9517.511216.017.692415522.210330.416.909415.687.4124157.715.08228.313.773714.97.732415415.806227.212.698914.617.0324156.817.7772916.023315.336.8624157.418.07929.116.027615.646.9624154.118.694528.4514.376815.587.2224157.318.9132615.891714.657.082415620.91130.315.517915.967.1624155.821.6425.68.985414.786.9524156.521.669529.4517.2889516.0757.5124156.321.912529.9517.511216.017.692415522.210330.416.909415.687.4124256.511.55724.810.96916.227.0624257.413.64225.710.524215.317.0924256.215.59726.712.73815.477.09524256.511.55724.810.96916.227.0624257.413.64225.710.524215.317.0924256.215.59726.712.73815.477.09524258.815.61728.414.249216.077.462425715.766626.212.128414.887.352425716.20728.514.815215.287.3824254.716.36227.613.069115.3357.1824259.816.4912915.359715.787.5624256.916.63327.614.279415.877.524254.116.692526.2512.9264515.077.1652425817.55328.614.990415.787.2424256.917.90728.715.265915.527.3824255.219.45728.0514.500116.317.3824255.924.14328.518.139216.698.1426158.514.89328.113.242115.477.4426157.315.32627.412.728815.837.6226158.315.978726.312.175614.777.0526158.915.9826.712.562414.96.9926164.416.94828.214.332915.657.3726157.518.59828.414.220615.787.8526160.219.93629.7515.265416.1057.2726159.420.54829.115.230216.487.872616121.34228.717.330915.937.5526159.221.49130.2516.947315.597.6626159.420.54829.115.230216.487.872616121.34228.717.330915.937.5526159.221.49130.2516.947315.597.6626262.314.712712.038416.377.2426262.714.88327.213.364615.77.0126254.815.433126.311.972414.897.3626262.314.712712.038416.377.2426262.714.88327.213.364615.77.0126254.815.433126.311.972414.897.3626258.415.99627.512.758215.757.6626260.516.2353326.512.8785715.606677.50333326259.316.28728.314.278915.447.2626261.319.370529.3516.561316.197.5426257.719.54828.715.317316.227.282626119.6629.516.957716.187.726260.219.950528.9515.7136516.437.59526258.619.99128.515.496116.27.7726260.220.276527.716.634715.887.5926259.520.44528.0516.946816.0857.94526260.221.58529.916.912816.478.226260.523.5511730.417.49916.257.73666728159.715.81727.812.600515.537.4128163.315.92527.514.510115.217.3428154.816.920926.812.758515.166.828160.716.950528.814.9574515.3256.83528156.717.481526.2512.4310515.4557.2128158.417.889528.4513.3031515.9357.2728158.820.0229.615.637416.257.662816020.64129.215.522515.717.6428160.320.9429.116.584415.947.428159.421.16929.316.065315.627.072815922.0731529.5517.3117515.827.2128160.320.9429.116.584415.947.428159.421.16929.316.065315.627.072815922.0731529.5517.3117515.827.212826112.5124.89.296814.876.928260.714.52925.3666710.995415.396677.2328256.316.152926.612.318215.387.112826112.5124.89.296814.876.928260.714.52925.3666710.995415.396677.2328256.316.152926.612.318215.387.1128258.116.28527.312.266315.617.4428263.216.70228.314.623315.687.328263.717.0692714.621816.387.1428261.0117.14127.814.613315.676.8828260.517.28327.514.328515.577.2928260.419.68927.415.51515.797.6628259.319.87728.714.9063515.867.8628261.120.74927.814.554415.67.3928260.520.89627.1516.665815.3857.452826121.639528.917.5428516.027.63528258.723.01828.216.9531516.4257.8530159.313.15526.7510.235915.1955.9830159.715.784527.8514.0640515.496.2930153.215.902527.111.973915.75.683016116.20627.614.532515.515.9930156.616.25128.212.781215.386.0330160.117.01729.115.384315.77