英语句子成分及句型.doc

英语句子成分一、 主语：句子的主体，是被说明的对象。主语用词：1. 名词: English is taught in China.2. 代词: We have an English dictionary each. 3. 数词: Thirteen is an unlucky number. 4. the+形容词: The old are well respected in our country. 5. 动名词: Travelling on the moon is rather difficult. 6. 不定式: To see is to believe. 7. 从句: What he said is true. 二、 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。谓语用词： 1. 行为动词: I watch TV twice a week. 2. 连系动词: He is an English teacher. 3. there be: There is a dog under the table. 三、 表语：是系动词后面的成分，和系动词组成谓语。表语用词：1. 名词: His father is a professor at college. 2. 代词: The red pen is his, not mine.3. 数词: Tree times eight is twenty-four. 4. 形容词: The boy was rude and naughty. 5. 副词: I havent been able to be outdoors for so long.6. 分词: What he said is surprising and were surprised. 7. 动名词: His job is teaching physics. 8. 不定式: He is to come to China soon. 9. 介词短语: My grandma is in good health. 10.从句: That is because you didnt work hard. 四、 宾语：作及物动词或介词的对象。宾语用词：1. 名词: We love science and music. 2. 代词: She is looking at me.3. 数词: How many classes will you have today? We have four. 4. the+形容词: We should take care of the old and the sick. 5. 动名词: I remember seeing him somewhere. 6. 不定式: He wants to be a scientist in the future. 7. 从句: I wonder whether you have been to London. 8. 直接宾语和间接宾语：Mr. Smith teaches us(间接宾语) English(直接宾语). = Mr. Smith teaches English to us.五、 宾语补足语：说明宾语的成分。宾补语用词：1. 形容词: Please keep the children quiet. 2. 分词: Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I saw him beaten by a bad guy. 3. 不定式: The teacher made us do the work.The doctor ordered him to take more rest. 4. 名词: I find it my duty to help you. He proved himself an artist. 5. 副词: Let him in at once. 6. 介词短语: Please put your things in order.六、 主语补足语：主补语用词：1. 形容词: The man lay in bed, dead. The dog ran loose.2. 分词: The boy was last seen playing by the river. Your friend comes to school very upset. 3. 不定式: We were made to do the work. 七、 定语：修饰名词或代词的成分。 定语用词：1. 名词: She lives in a small mountain village. 2. 代词: This book is very interesting. 3. 数词: There are twelve months in a year. 4. 形容词: He is a clever boy and often does something different from others. 5. 副词: People there are very hard-working. 6. 分词: The man standing near the broken car is my cousin. 7. 动名词: There is a swimming pool in our school. 8. 不定式: The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.9. 介词短语: The book in his hand is mine.10. 从句: The man whom you were talking to is my uncle. 11. 名词所有格: He is my fathers cousin. 八、 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。状语用词：1. 副词: The students are now listening to the teacher attentively. 2. 介词短语: The farmers are working hard in the field. 3. 分词: Deeply moved by his word, I burst into tears.Having finished the work, he went to bed. 4. 不定式: He came here to borrow money from me.5. 从句: Where there is a will, there is a way. 6. 独立(主格)结构: The teacher came to the classroom, lap-top in hand (= with a lap-top in his hand). Work done, he went home. = After the work was done, he went home. 九、 同位语：说明一个名词或代词的成分，有同等关系。同位语用词：1. 名词: Her father, the mayor, is a kind man. 2. 代词: We each have an English magazine. 3. 从句: The news that he was dead is not true. Exercises: Translate and find out the elements:1) You mustnt be always translating your native 主语 谓语 状语 谓语 定语 定语language into English. 宾语 宾语2) Marshall teaches us oral English. 主语谓语 间宾直接宾语3) Every morning he does some running to build up 状语 主语谓语宾语状语his body. 宾语4) The lady, his mother, is a kind teacher who teaches主语同位语谓语表语 主语谓语 us how to do the experiment. 宾语宾语补足语5) He is said to have gone abroad two years ago and 主语 谓语主语补足语状语got married there. 谓语 状语五种简单句句型1. 主语 + 谓语 (S + vi.)The children are singing. He can run quickly.2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S + vt. + O)We read English in the morning. Shes going to study law at university.3. 主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S + link-v. + P)Everyone seems very happy with a gift. He looks like a ghost. 4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S + vt. + IO + DO) His father bought him a new bike.The teacher promised us a gift each. 5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S + vt. + O + O) He ordered us to leave at once. Can you make yourself understood (by others)? Exercises: Find out what kind of sentence they are:1) The student you want to see study hard. 主语+谓语(vi.)2) Can you tel