公共英语等级考试四级(PETS4)课程辅导31-40.doc

www.TopS大家网35 / 35公共英语等级考试四级(PETS4)课程辅导(31)讲oral Test 功能性意念表达： 4 .表示同意对方的观点： You are right./ You are totally right. 你是对的。 I couldn t agree with you more. 太同意了。 It is reasonable. 很合理。 I fully/totally agree with you. 我完全同意。 That s sure. 那是一定的。 What you ve proposed makes sense. 你说的很有道理。 That s just what I want to say. 这也正是我要说的。 Me ， too. 我也是。 So do I. 我也是。 Neither do I. 我也不。 It is a good point. 这一点很对。 5. 表示不同意对方的观点： I m afraid I can t agree. 恐怕我不能同意。 I m afraid that is not what I mean. 我不是那个意思。 I don t think you have touched the point. 我觉得你没有说到点子上。 probably you are right, but the fact is that 也许你是对的，但事实是 . Maybe that s where we differ. 这就是我们不同的地方。 It depends. 看情况而定吧。 That s not the way I see it. 我不这么看。 If I were you, I would 如果我是你，我会 . If I were in your shoes, I would 站在你的立场上，我会 . Writing Write a composition of 160-200 words by referring to the following information. The Relationship Between An Artist and Society Some people think that a true artist is a toiler of a unique talent that differentiates him from the rest of the society. others believe that the artist is a part of the society. There is a discussion on newspaper in these two viewpoints.Write an essay to the magazine and justify your stand. Your essay should be based on the following outline. 1. The artist is a product of the society in which 2. It is society that imposes a structure on the artist, and the successful artist. 3. The artist is also greatly affected by the physical resources of his society. 4. Finally, the artist must reflect the value, 写作策略： 本课的写作题目考察的是段首句作文的写作 . 段首句作文 , 顾名思义 , 指的是给出段首句 , 要求考生据此补充扩展 , 使之成为一个完整的段落。这是目前很流行的一种命题形式 , 因此它即能测试学生的写作能力 , 又基本规定了思路 , 便于阅卷评分 . 首先看清题目要求 . 这类作文一般分为三或四段 , 有些题目要求每段字数大体一致 , 平均使用笔墨 ; 有些没有这种要求 , 则三段的长短可以不一致 , 可根据主题来发挥，只要总数字符合要求即可 . 在写作之前存在审题的问题 . 给出段首句的文章仍然有个文章的总标题 , 这个标题就应该是文章的中心思想 ; 不同只处在于 , 一般的命题作文 , 由于作者的观点 , 立场 , 的不同或者阐述角度的差异 , 文章的内容可能十分不同或者截然相反 , 而给出的段首句的文章已基本规定了阐述角度和思路 , 因此这类作文的审题就应该将作文标题和段首句结合起来考虑 . 各个段首句就像是一个框架 , 一个提纲 , 考生要做的 , 就是在标题的指导下 , 按照所给的框架来完成具体部分 . 要注意段首句并非是主题句 , 有时只是短语或其他变化形式 , 但万变不离其宗 , 我们掌握了总的方法 , 这类题目写起来就不困难了 . 段首句作文主要有如下三种类型 : 1. 平行式 . 每一段的段首句都表达了一个观点或一种思想 , 这些观点或思想并没有先后主次之分 , 无递进关系 , 也无因果关系 , 属并列型 . 2. 递进式 . 递进式既是各个段首句表达了一种递进的关系 , 层层深入 , 由浅入深 . 3. 对照式 . 这种形式与平行式很相似 , 只不过他具有很明显的对照特点 . 写作提纲 第一段 : 先提出问题 . 艺术家是社会的产物 , 有一些人认为艺术家具有的天赋使他从社会中被分离出来 , 而另一些人认为艺术家是社会的一部分 . 我赞同后一种观点 . 第二段 : 社会生活和经历给艺术家的创作提供了源泉 . 成功的艺术家都善于观察和感受生活 . 第三段 : 艺术家的创作也受到社会生活的影响 . 不同的生活经历 , 不同的生活时期 , 同一个艺术家创作出内容不同 , 风格迥异的艺术作品 . 第四段 : 艺术家的创作要反映生活 , 反映价值 . 脱离了这一点 , 就不能创作出优秀的作品 . 所以说 , 艺术来源于生活 , 生活改造了艺术 , 艺术家确实是社会的一部分 . 参考范文 : the Relationship between an Artist and Society An artist is a product of the society in which art works are very popular among the people. He or she is required to provide people with more and more, better and better art works. Some people think that a true artist is a tailor of a unique talent that differentiates him from the rest of society. others believe that the artist is a part of the society. personally, I share the latter point of view. It is society that imposes a structure on the artist, and a successful artist does well in observing the society and experiencing the life. It always seems to us that an artist, with advanced skills in many fields, can create the art works independently. However, the role of real social life and experience in an artists work cannot be underestimated. An artist is more eager to feel and touch the society than anyone else. It is obvious that all the source material an artist uses comes from life. Without it, an artist can do nothing. An artist is also greatly affected by the physical resources of his society. Many great artists all over the world created different art works in different periods of their lives, with different focus and style. Nobody can deny that this is the result of the social life and experience. For instance, Ernest Hemingway, one of the 20th centurys most important writers, has abundant life experience as a reporter, a soldier, a sportsman and etc. His writing has been influenced a lot by what he did throughout his life. Finally, an artist must reflect the values, demonstrating both good and evil sides of the society. Without recognizing this point, an artist can never produce a great art work. Even though he can win the popularity among the people, he can never win the success. Art comes from life and life throws influence on art. To sum up, the artist is definitely a part of the society who depends on the society so much.公共英语等级考试四级(PETS4)课程辅导(32)讲Unit 8： Main Contents： 本课主要介绍了英语语言的发展和演变以及现代化通讯的飞速发展。学完本课以后，应了解英语语言在不断的发展和变化着，而且要了解语言的发展演变，要在日后把这些有关英语的知识运用到学习当中。 在本课的对话1中我们要了解为什么说英语是一种全球通用的语言;对话2中提到了我们国家的国粹京剧，除了了解有关京剧的词汇以外，我们还可以增加一些基本的常识。 本课的课文向我们介绍了一个流行词的诞生。“全球化”这个词从被创造出来到现在还不到十年，但是现在它已经在国际经济中得到了广泛的使用。同时，课文还详细介绍了全球的概念，全球境的功能等有关的知识。 Words, Expressions and Grammar: Dialogue 1.native language 母语 2.mandarin Chinese 普通话 3.peking opera 京剧 4.orchestra 管弦乐队 5.costume 装束，服装，戏服 6.acrobat 杂技演员 7.tragic 悲剧的 tragedy n.悲剧, 惨案, 悲惨, 灾难 8.comical 喜剧的 comedy n.喜剧, 喜剧性的事情 9.periodical 期刊，杂志 10.mask 面具 gas mask防毒面具 fire/smoke/dust mask 防火/防烟/防尘面具 e.g.The robbers were wearing masks. 抢劫犯戴着面罩。 The nurses wore masks and close-fitting white caps. 护士们戴着口罩和紧紧扣住头发的白帽子。 The jokes were a mask to hide his sadness. 玩笑是掩盖他内心悲伤的方式。 11.last but not the least 最后的但是同样重要的 e.g. And last but not the least there is the problem of funding. 最后同样主要的是要有足够的资金的问题。 12.chance n. 可能性，很可能 e.g. Chances are that we will win easily.我们很可能会轻易取胜。 The chances are ten to one that the guest team will win.十之八九客队会获胜。 There is a chance that I will see him these days. 这几天我有可能见到他。 This is a chance that I will be chosen for the team. 有可能我被选拔到队里。 The ox doesnt seem to have any chance of winning the league basketball matches. 看来公牛队没有打赢这次篮球联赛胜的可能了。 The chances are a hundred to one against you. 你只有百分之一成功的可能。 13.on the way /on ones way 在来、去或旅行的过程中： e.g.I met him on the way to town. 我在去镇子的路上遇到他 Winter is on the way. 冬天就要来到了 She is on her way out the door. 她往户外走。 He is on the way to success. 他正在通往成功的路上。 14.or so 大约, 左右, 将近 e.g.He is twenty years old or so. The temple dates back as far as two hundred years ago or so. 15.semiofficial adj.半官方的 seminatural adj.半自然的 semimonthly semimilitary semiglobe 16.conduct v.处理; 经营;引导;实施 e.g.My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。 It is a good idea to conduct the lecture in English. The agency is to conduct both domestic and foreign affairs for government. 这代理处为政府处理国内外事务。 My brother is in the lab conducting an experiment. 我哥哥在实验室做实验。 How long do you need to conduct your private affair? 你需要多长时间处理私事? 17.status n.身份, 地位, 情形, 状况 social status社会地位 status quo现状, 维持现状 Her status is that of a guest.她是客人身份 His known status is a teacher. 他的公开身份是教师。 18.potential adj.潜在的, 可能的, 势的, 位的 n.潜能, 潜力 a potential problem.潜在的问题 e.g.Every seed is a potential plant. 每粒种子都可能长成植物。 He hasnt realized his full potential yet. 她还没有完全意识到自己的潜能。 I believe he has the potential to make a good dancer. 我相信他有可以成为一个舞蹈家的潜能。 19.cover涵盖，包括;处理;对待： e.g.His studies covered a wide field.他的知识渊博。 Lies cannot cover up facts.谎言掩盖不住事实。 The book covers the feminist movement.这本书探讨女权主义运动 This is the balance to cover the check. 这是准备用来交付支票的存款余额。 20.replace v. 取代，代替 e.g.We have to replace defective tubes. 我们更换有毛病的管子。 Can anything replace a mothers love and care? 有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀吗? The village has replaced coal by /with gas. 用煤气代替煤作燃料 21.overwhelming overwhelming joy压倒一切的欢乐 an overwhelming majority 一个压倒的优势 an overwhelming victory势如破竹的胜利 overwhelm v.淹没;吞没，席卷： e.g.Your kindness quite overwhelms me.你的好意使我感激难言。 be overwhelmed by grief伤心已极 The boat was overwhelmed by the waves.船被浪打翻了。 22.symbolic adj.象征性的，有象征意义的 symbolic art 象征主义艺术 symbol n.符号, 记号, 象征symbolize v. 23.stylize v. 使风格化,.符合特定(或传统)程式 style n. 风格 in style/ out of style e.g.Mini-skirt was out of style in the last fews years, but now it is in style again. 24.prominence 著名;杰出;显著;重要 a person of some prominence 颇有知名度的人 prominent adj.卓越的, 显著的, 突出的 a prominent nose 大鼻子 e.g.His father is a prominent professor. 他父亲是很有名的教授。 Passage 1.globality n.全球性 2.buzzword n.强意词 buzz n. v. 嗡嗡声;嘤嘤声 e.g.The bee buzzed its wings.蜜蜂振翅发出嗡嗡的响声。 The plane is buzzing the town.飞机低空飞行掠过这个城市。 3.decade n. 十年 millennium n. 一千年 4.convey v. 通知;通报;传达 e.g.I will convey the information to him. 我将把这消息通知他。 I cant convey my feelings in words.我的情感难以言表。 The ambassador personally conveyed the presidents message to the premier. 大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候。 5.encompass v. 包括，包含; 包围;围绕 e.g.The course will encompass physics, chemistry and biology. 课程将包括物理、化学和生物学。 Here is a reservoir encompassed by mountains. 这是一个群山环绕的水库。 6.epicenter n.震中, 中心 e.g.The country stood at the epicenter of the international crisis. 该国处于国际危机的中心。 China happened to be the epicenter of the SARS breakout this year. 中国恰巧是今年非典的中心。 7.talkathon n.冗长的讨论, 冗长的演说 marathon马拉松 walkathon (尤指为特定事业筹款而进行的) 步行马拉松8.dimension n.尺寸, 尺度, 维(数), 度(数), 元 e.g.A line has one dimension and a square has two. 线是一度空间，平面是两度空间。 Time is sometimes called the fourth dimension. 时间有时被称为第四度空间。 There is another dimension to this problem which you havent mentioned. (喻) 这个问题还有一个方面你没提到。 of one dimension一维的, 线性的 of three dimensions三维的, 立体的 of two dimensions二维的, 平面的 9.hyperactive adj.活动过度的, 极度活跃的,活动亢进的 hyperacid adj.酸过多的, 胃酸过多的 10.on a global basis: globally e.g.The protection of rare animals is a problem concerned on a global basis. 保护稀有动物是全世界关注的问题。 11.deregulation n.违反规定, 反常 derecognize vt. 撤消承认 derealize v. 使不现实 12spur n.马剌, 刺激 v.鞭策, 刺激, 疾驰, 驱策 e.g.This book is a spur to the childs imagination. 这本书能促进孩子的想象力。 pride spurred the man to fight.自尊心刺激他去决斗 。 Business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment? 需要用减少商业税的办法刺激工业投资 13.beat out v.敲, 扑灭 e.g.The dry grass caught fire, but we beat it out. She beat out a tune on a tin can. 她在洋铁罐上敲出一首曲子。 This hair style is out of fashion now. 14.blur vt, vi使模糊;使看不清 e.g.Tears blur my eyes. 泪水模糊了我的眼睛。 His eyes were blurred with tears.泪水使他的眼睛一片模糊。 15.identity身份;本身;一致 the identity of interests 利益的一致 an identity card身分证 e.g.They finally reached an identity of views through heated discussion. 他们经过激烈的讨论最终取得了一致看法。 The police are still uncertain of the murderers identity. 警察尚未证实杀人犯的身份。 16.unappealing adj.无吸引力的, 不能打动人的 appealing 吸引力的, 打动人的 17.justice n 公平;合理;公正 injustice n.不公平, 不讲道义 e.g.Everyone should be treated with justice. 每个人都应受到公正的对待。 The justice of these remarks was clear to everyone. 人人都明白这些话是公正的。 18.welfare n 福利 welfare fund 福利基金 welfare work 福利事业 social welfare 社会福利 on welfare 接受社会救济 e.g.Many European countries have well-developed social welfare system. 很多欧洲国家拥有先进的社会福利系统。 You can apply to the welfare funds for grant to get through your college. 你可以向社会福利基金申请助学金来完成你的大学教育。 The poor family has to live on welfare. 这个可怜的家庭只能靠救济生活。 19. go for v.去找, 努力获取 e.g.Shall I go for a doctor? 我去找个医生吧。 Dont worry, hes going for the best doctor in the town. 别着急，他去找镇里最好的医生去了。 He is now going all for his master degree. 他正在全力以赴争取硕士学位。 20.show up v.揭露, 露出, 露面 e.g.He is clear about how dangerous it will be to show up the fraud. 他明白揭穿这个骗局对他来说有多么危险。 Her winkles show up in the strong sunlight. 她的皱纹在强烈的阳光下很明显。 only three of the people who are invited to the party didnt show up. 只有三个受邀来参加聚会的人没有来参加。公共英语等级考试四级(PETS4)课程辅导(33)讲Use of English Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each numbered blank. The English language is growing bigger rapidly; thanks, of course, _1_ the internet. oN the one hand there are the proliferating net neologisms(新词)-email, emotions, cyberspace(网络空间), and so on. on the other hand, there is the hard fact _2_ the net is overwhelmingly an English medium, an _3_ 85% of its pages being in English. By 2050, it is said that more than half the worlds population will be _4_ users of English. The net advances the global power of the language ruthlessly _5_ the British Empire _6_ could. Every new user will have to learn a version of English if he is not find himself _7_ in a linguistic cyberghetto (网络之外的隔离区). The expansion of the language is not a new phenomenon. When the oxford was completed in 1928, it defined 200,000 words; now, thanks to the _8_ addition of supplements and amalgamation into the second edition, _9_ in 1989, it defines 240,000. However, the net-driven globalization of English will tend to enhance the worldwide significance of a net dictionary. There are already sites-Webopedia and the Encyclopedia of the New Economy at Hotwiredwhich act _10_ dictionaries of and guides _11_, the new webspesk. As cyberEnglish(网络语言) expands, so will the need and the desire to understand the language. one can easily imagine a Japanese sufer _12_ the oED window permanently open to help him _13_ an alien language. In this sense, since English is the mother tongue of the cyberrealm (网络世界), the oED may well become this new religions virtual Bible. Net communication is usually _14_ strangers who may share few cultural references and whose sense of the language may be _15_ out of register. This will tend to produce either bland, have-a-nice-day standardization _16_, more usually, _17_ idiolects-private version of the language-that work only in specific contexts. This will accelerate _18_ the expansion and evolution of e-English, and will tribalise the language. English will move more quickly into the future and, as a result, _19_ forms will become more rapidly obsolete. Most people already find it difficult to read Chaucer, and a proliferation of new idiolects may soon make Shakespeare equally _20_. 1. A. for B. to C. as D. of 2. A. this B. that C. which D. who 3. A. evaluating B. evaluated C. estimating D. estimated 4. A. competent B. competing C. competitive D. compete 5. A. than B. as C. that D. then 6. A. never B. often C. usual D. ever 7. A. lock B. locker C. locking D. locked 8. A. rational B. frequent C. regular D. repeated 9. A. published B. publishing C. publicized D. publicizing 10. A. like B. as C. in D. of 11. A. on B. in C. to D. of 12. A. maintaining B. staying C. being D. keeping 13. A. travel B. tour C. navigate D. trip 14. A. among B. between C. within D. beyond 15. A. serially B. serial C. seriously D. serious 16. A. or B. nor C. and D. also 17. A. vary B. varied C. various D. variety 18. A. furture B. farther C. remote D. distant 19. A. earlier B. former C. later D. latter 20. A. improbable B. impossible C. inaccessible D. incompressible解析： 1. B 这句的意思是：英语语言正在迅速地扩大，这当然要感谢网络。当表示感谢时，我们可以使用thank 的名词或动词词性。如用作动词时：thank you ;用作名词时，后面跟to ,表示所感谢的对象，如：thanks to the network .如果对答案不是很肯定，考生还可以对照比较第八个空前面出现的thanks to ,这样题目就迎刃而解了。这也是解完形填空题应该掌握的一个技巧。 2. B 这句的意思是：另一方面，有这样一个事实，那就是：网络是一个绝对的英语语言媒介，估计有85%的页面是使用英语的。这里的fact后面的内容是对它的补充说明，是它的同位语。引导同位语从句，在这里只能用 that。 3. D 句子意思同2。因为“85%”这一数据是被人们估计得到的，所以表达的当然是被动的意义。选项A .B中的 evaluate指“评价”;选项 C.D分别使用了 estimate的现在分词和过去分词形式，这两中形式都可以作为形容词来修饰名词，现在分词表示主动的意思，过去分词表示被动的意思。 4. A 这句的意思是：据说，到2050年，超过一半的世界人口将是合格的英语使用者。Compete 是动词，不能修饰名词。Competing指“正在竞争的”; competitive指“竞争的”;意思与原文都不吻合。 5. A 这句的意思是：大英帝国曾经提高了英语的全球影响力，但是网络对这一影响力的提升比大英帝国的作用要大得多。两方进行比较，要使用连词than . 6. D 句子意思同上。这里表达的意思是：网络提升语言影响力的能力比大英帝国曾经的能力要强。表示“曾经”，要用副词ever . 7. D 这句的意思是：每一个网络使用者，如果他不想被挡在网络之外的隔离区，他就要学习一种形式的英语。这里用find sb .done 这种形式来表达“发现某人被-”的意思。原文的意思是：发现自己被锁在、被固定在隔离区中，所以要用lock 的过去分词形式作find 的宾语补足语，表达被动的含义. 8. C 这句的意思是：现在，我们要感谢定期的额外补充和混合，它使1989年出版的第二版牛津词典定义了240，000个单词。Rational 指“合理的”;frequent指“频繁的”; regular指“定期的”; repeated指“重复的，再三的”。根据常理，词典的词条内容的修订和补充不可能频繁的或重复的发生，只可能定期的进行。 9. A 句子的意思同8。实际上，这里用了非限制性定语从句来修饰the second edition,该从句表达的意思是“第二版在1989年出版”。文中省去了定语从句中的某些成分，完整的定语从句应该是： which is published in 1989. 10. B 这句的意思是：一些网上的站点作为新网络语言的词典和指导。Act as是常用的搭配，意思是“作为.行事”， as在这里是介词，表示“作为，以.的身份”。其他的三个介词都不能与 act搭配。 11. C 句子意思同10。这里表达的意思是“.的指导”。所以使用介词to，即构成 guides to的形式。用包含 to的介词短语修饰名词的例子其实并不少见，象 the answer to the question以及 the monument to sb。都是这种用法。 12. D 这句的意思是：可以很容易地想象，一个日本的网上冲浪者永久地开着oED 窗口来帮助他领会异国的语言。此空要填一个使意动词，该动词后面要跟宾语及宾语补足语。所给的四个选项中，只有keep符合这一要求。 keep sth .open指“使.直开着”，含有“保持”的意味。 13. C 句子的意思同上。此空要填一个及物动词。选项B 、D给出的 tour和 trip 都是名词，所以不能用在这里。Travel通常与 to连用，表示“到某地旅行”。 Navigate是及物动词，它的本意是“导航，领航”，但在这里，它的意思相当于“领会，理解，使.不至于迷失”。 14. B 这句的意思是：网络交流通常在陌生人之间进行，他们可能只有极少的文化共性，他们的语感可能很严重地处于登记之外。Among指“在.之间”，用于三者或三者以上; between指“在.之间”，用于两者之间; within指“在.之内，在.的范围以内”; beyond指“超越”。网络交流发生在一对一的两者之间，所以不能用 among。 15. C 句子意思同14。这里要用一个副词来修饰out of register，所以选项 B、D可以被排除。 Serially指“连续地”，用在此意思说不通。 16. A 这句的意思是：这将往往产生一种漠然的、类似“祝你今天快乐”这样的标准，或者更加常见的情况是，产生各种各样的个人习语形式的语言只在具体存在上下文关系时起作用。这个空很容易填出来，根据意思我们判断应该填or, 再往前看，就会发现，原来是固定搭配eitheror短语，表示“或者或者”. 17. C 此处要用一个形容词来修饰名词。 Vary n; variety n; various adj. 各种各样的。 18. A这句话的意思是：这将会进一步加速网络英语的扩充和进化。此处要用一个副词来修饰accelerate. Further是副词，指“更进一步地”;father是形容词far的比较级，指“更远的”; remote和 distant 都是形容词，表示“遥远的”。故作此题时，仅从词性判断也可以得出正确答案。 19. A这句的意思是：英语将更快的面向未来发展，结果是，早期的形式将以更快的速度作废。Earlier 早期的，更早的former 以前的，从前的later后来 latter后者 20. C 这句的意思是：许多人已经发现难以读懂CHAUCER的作品，或许不久，新的个人习语增加会使莎士比亚也同样感到费解。这句话的前半句告诉我们，现在的人们读起旧时的作品 已经有些困难了，那么我们可以猜想后半句要讲的是:旧时的人们对我们现在经过扩充的语言也会感到费解。Improbable和 impossible不可能的 incompressible 不可压缩的inaccessible不能达到的，在这里我们可以把意思引申为：“不可理解，费解的”。Reading Comprehension Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. “Laws” of Language We are now in a position to set down some of the “laws” of languagestatements that are valid