2012短语动词备战策略Dai.doc

2012短语动词备战策略1. 抓重点。在课本中频频出现的重点动词词组系列要总结。如：2. 看语境。对动词短语不同形式的意义和用法要紧记在心，体会语境，词达其意。3. 掌握“to”。含介词的动词短语与不定式的区别是高考常考及易错项目之一。如add to , admit to , add up to , come to , belong to , contribute to , object to , get to , refer to , stick to , lead to , attend to , see to, trust to , total to , turn to , pay attention to , devote to , prefer to, do harm /good /wrong to , be / get / become used to , be devoted to , be reduced to , be accustomed to , date back to , get down to , look forward to , keep close to , face up to , hold on to等。4. 压新题。把新考纲中出现的短语动词作为重点，搜罗近年来未考的重点动词短语及考过的动词短语其他搭配和意思1. add to / up (to) add to 增加；增添The balloons added to the festival atmosphere. 气球增添了节日气氛。(03sh) The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather _ the helplessness of the crew at sea. A. added to B. resulted from C. turned out D. made upadd up 把加起来；做加法Please add these figures up. = Add up all these figures. 说得通，合乎情理 His story didnt add up. 他的叙述不合情理。His explanation just doesnt add uphe must be lying.（短语动词）他的解释很不合情理他肯定是在扯谎。add up to vi. 总计His whole school education added up to no more than one year.2. agree on / with / to.1) agree with 同意，赞成（后接“人”或what从句作宾语）agree with sb./ what sb. said/ ones advice agree with sb. about/ on sth. I agree with you on this issue.Do you agree with him on/ about that matter? 关于那件事，你同意他的看法吗？ sth agrees with sb. 与一致His words do not agree _ his actions. (言行不一)（气候，食物）适合 The climate here doesnt agree with me. Milk doesnt agree with me.（多功能）牛奶不适合我的体质。（2010陕西）14. You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _ you, I suppose. A. agree with B. agree to C. agree on D. agree about 2)agree to a plan/ a suggestion/ a decision/ a proposal / an agreement/arrangement3) agree on sth. 商定；就达成共识（通过协商达成一致的意见） At last, both of them agreed _ the price/ the date of the meeting. （2008湖南卷）27. When did you last hear _ Jay? He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet.3. break in /into/ out / up / off / down / away from / throughbreak in 闯入，破门而入 Thieves broke in last night and stole jewelry.（多功能）Burglars had broken in while we were away.（牛津）打断谈话；插嘴 = cut in Listen attentively; dont break in so often. 注意听，别老是插嘴。( NMET2002 ) 22. Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you.A. so B. and C. but D. yet break into 闯入We had to break into the house as we had lost the key.break out （火灾、战争、瘟疫等）突然爆发A fire broke out last night. World War(The Second World War) broke out in 1939.（2006广东）25. I was still sleeping when the fire _, and then it spread quickly.A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got outbreak downvi. 坏掉，失灵（机器）The car broke down on the way home.（2006辽宁）22. The computer system suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.A. broke down B. broke outC. broke upD. broke invt.（猛击某物使之）毁坏Firemen had to break the door down to reach the people trapped inside.消防人员须破门而入，才能抢救困在屋里的人。vi.（人）身体出毛病；（健康）衰弱You / Your health will break down if you work too hard. 你工作过度会损害健康。Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 因工作压力太大，她的身体跨了。Dont take on more work than you can do, or you will break down.不要承担你力所不及的工作，否则你身体会跨掉的。vi.（人）精神上垮掉；（情绪失去控制的）大哭He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息不禁痛哭起来。vi.（计划、谈判等）失败，受挫Peace talks have broken down.vt 拆开，分开，分析 (to separate or divide something into parts; to analyse something)I want you to break the data down. 我要你把这些数据分析一下。(2005湖北卷) 24. To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it _ into parts. A. down B. up C. off D. out分解（起化学变化） Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substance.（短语动词）我们体内的化学物将吃下的食物分解成有用的物质。break up 打碎，粉碎（同）smash The ship broke up on the rocks.（牛津）船触礁撞毁了。分裂，分解Sentences can be broken up into clauses. 句子可分成分句。关系破裂，瓦解（婚姻/组织）Their marriage is breaking up.（牛津）他们的婚姻已破裂。They decided to break up the partnership.（牛津）他们决定终止合作关系。（09江苏）24. Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _. So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them. A. broken up B. finished up C. divided up D. closed upbreak up（with sb.）与某人绝交She has just broken up with her boy-friend.（牛津）她刚与男朋友绝交。结束，终止（同）end After midnight, the party broke up.The meeting broke up at ten. 会议在10点钟结束了。散开，驱散The police used tear gas to break up the crowd.（多功能）警察用催泪瓦斯驱散人群。The crowd started to break up when the night fell. 天快黑时人群开始散开了。break off 中断，突然停止；折断；断绝break off the conversation 中断会谈Lets break off work and have a cup of tea.（短语词典）咱们歇一歇，喝杯茶。He broke off in the middle of a sentence.（短语词典）他一句话说到一半就停住了。The mast broke off/was broken off. 船桅断了。break away from挣脱；脱离The prisoner broke away from his guards.（2009湖南，完型，44）Johnny broke away and ran outside, determined never to go to another dance. 约翰挣脱舞伴，落荒而逃，决定再也不参加舞会了。The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup. 抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。Several of the states broke away and became independent.好几个州脱离出来，自己独立了。break through 取得突破性成就 (to make new and important discoveries) Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.（牛津）科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。突围，冲破(to force ones way through) At dawn the soldiers managed to break through the enemy line.4. bring about / on / out / up / in / downbring about 导致，引起，产生（同）cause, lead tobring about great changes 带来巨大的变化He brought about a quarrel between his parents. 他引起了父母的一场争吵。Its no easy thing to bring about a social reform.Science has brought about many changes in our lives.（四级）Scientists say that many factors _ changes in the weather.A. call for B. cut out C. bring about D. make out (2005北京春季) 29. The Internet has brought _big changes in the way we work.A. about B. out C. back D. up(2005重庆) 24. His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has _ many good changes in their lives.A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought aboutbring back恢复；引起回忆；带回The holiday brought her back to health.（短语动词）度假使她恢复了健康。These old photographs brought back many memories.（短语动词）这些照片唤起对往事的许多回忆。He brought me back in his car.（短语动词）他开车把我送回家。May I borrow your pen? Ill bring it back tomorrow. （短语动词）我可以借你的钢笔吗？明天还给你。bring out 使显示；激发，发挥 (make sth. appear; reveal sth.) A good teacher should try to bring out the talents of his students.使显现；使易懂（讲解清楚）Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase?出版，推出（同）publish He has brought out a new book.The pop singer has brought out a second album.（短语动词）bring up 养育，教养（同）educate, cultivate She brought up five children. 她养育了五个孩子。He was brought up in the countryside. 他在乡下长大。提出 bring up a plan / suggestion Bring the matter up at the next meeting. 呕吐He was so ill that he brought up everything he had eaten.bring in 介绍；引进 We should bring in new technology.请参加；让参与Experts were brought in to advise the government. 政府聘请专家作顾问。挣钱，赚钱Tourism is bringing in $8million a year.收获（庄稼）；采摘（果实等）Its time to bring in the crops again. 又该收割庄稼了。把拿进来，带进来Bring him in with you. 你把他带进来。Bring the washing in; it looks like rain. 把洗好（在晾）的衣服收起来，好象要下雨了。bring down 使落下（或倒下）；击落The pilot managed to bring the plane down in a field.（牛津）飞行员设法将飞机降落在一处田里。bring down an enemy fighter 击落敌人一架战斗机 （牛津）The storm brought down almost all trees. 这场暴风雨几乎把所有的树都刮倒了。降低，减少（同）reduce bring down prices, the cost of living 降低价格、生活费用5. call (in) at / on ( upon) / up / for / / off call (in) on sb./ at sp. 顺便拜访I formed the habit of calling in on him/ calling in at his office in the afternoon. call at (+地点名词) 访问某地 He _ the hospital after work to find out whether Mr. Wang was better.A. called on B. called for C. called in D. called atcall on/ upon 访问，拜访；召集，要求拜访，访问 = pay a visit to / go to see / visitI hope to call on you at your office this afternoon. 我希望今天下午到您的办公室拜访您。号召call on sb. to do sth. The government called on us to save water.call up 给（某人）打电话= telephone sb. = ring up（英）He called up the police for help. 召集，征召入伍 I was called up when the war began. 战争开始时，我应征入伍。（动词短语）（使）回想起（同）remind The music calls up old times. 这音乐让人想起旧日时光。（2006湖北）27. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village scenes of my childhood.A. called up B. called for C. called on D. called incall for 要求，需要（同）need, requireThe situation calls for quick action. 形势需要采取紧急行动。（四级）（2007山东卷）5. Its the sort of work that _ a high level of concentration. （2005北京）25. Its the present situation in poor areas that _ much higher spending on education and training.喊着要= ask for The baby is calling for his mother. 婴儿正喊着要妈妈。He entered the restaurant and called for a glass of beer. 他走进饭馆，要了一杯啤酒。去接某人 (= come and pick up) Ill call for you at nine 我九点到你家接你。同义速辨：call for: 自己找某人 send for: 派人找某人call off 取消（同）cancel The football match was called off on account of the weather.call in请来，召来 call in a doctor 请医生 As the childs condition grew worse, the parents called in a doctor. 由于孩子的病情恶化，父母请来了医生。 That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but to call in the police.（四级） 情况非常严重，我别无选择，只能求助于警察。 叫进来 Please call another student in. 请叫另一个学生进来。6. care for / aboutcare about + n care (about) + wh 从句（接宾语从句时往往省略介词about） 介意，在乎He doesnt care about his clothes. 穿着方面他毫不在乎。 关心，忧虑 You should have cared more about your friends. 你本该多多关心朋友的。Dont you care about losing your job? 你难道不怕丢掉工作吗？ (95上海) Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he caredcare for （用于否定句或疑问句，尤与would 连用）（正式）喜欢，想要 Would you care for a drink? 要喝一杯吗？/ I dont care for dancing. 我不喜欢跳舞。照顾，照料 care for the sick 照看病人（2006江西）23. After the earthquake, the injured were cared_ in the hospitals or taken by air to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. A. of B. for C. after D. with关心 We care for/ about each other in our class. (2005江苏，完形) All over the world people cared for Chris so much that letters and postcards poured in every day.7. carry on / out / off / throughcarry on 继续，进行下去（同）go on withcarry on a conversation, discussion 进行谈话、讨论They decided to carry on in spite of the weather.（牛津）他们决定不管天气好坏都继续下去。（2008天津卷）7. The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to _ their discussion. A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry oncarry out完成，实现 Once the work is started, it must be carried out. 工作一旦上手，就必须坚决完成。执行，贯彻（同）fulfil carry out a promise, a plan, a survey, an orderWe expect him to carry out his promise. 我们期待着他履行诺言。carry off 夺去(生命) She was carried off by a heart attack. 她因心脏病发作而死。夺得（奖牌等）She carried off most of the awards that evening. 她那天晚上赢得了大部分奖项。成功地应付困难局面(succeed in handling a difficult situation) Its demanding role, but Im sure shell be able to carry it off.（朗文） 这是一个富有挑战性的角色，但我肯定她能胜任。carry through carry sth. through实现，完成 Im determined to carry this through.（朗文） 我决意完成此事。carry sb. though sth. 帮助某人度过（患病或困难时期）；使某人度过难关 Her confidence carried her through.（朗文）信心使她度过了难关。8. check in（在旅馆、机场等）办理登记手续，报到 We checked in at the hotel last night.（短语动词）我们昨晚登记住进酒店。Please check in at the airport an hour before your plane leaves.你必须在飞机起飞前一小时到达机场办理登记手续。（短语动词）check out办理退房手续You must check out before 12 oclock.（短语动词）你必须在12点之前办清离开手续。9. clean up 彻底打扫（某处）；收拾干净Its your turn to clean the bedroom up. 轮到你把卧室收拾干净了。She cleaned up before we arrived. 我们到达之前她就收拾干净了。This room needs cleaning up.（短语动词）这个房间需要彻底打扫了。My hands are dirty. Id better go and clean (myself) up.（2009北京）22.You may use the room as you like you clean it up afterwards. A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if clear up 整理；收拾Clear up this mess!（短语动词）把这堆乱七八糟的东西收拾好！（天气）转晴 It may clear up this afternoon.（短语动词）今天下午可能转晴。If the weather clears up this afternoon, well go for a picnic. 如果下午转晴，我们将去野餐。痊愈；身体好转Has your cold cleared up yet? 你的感冒好了吗？This medicine should clear up your cold.（短语动词）这种药应该能治好你的感冒。澄清；清除对某事的疑虑，解决某事物clear up a mystery/ difficulty/ the misunderstanding清除疑团解决困难解除误会 Have you cleared up the misunderstanding? 你们消除误解了吗？ We cleared up the mystery.（短语动词）我们把这个谜解开了。10. come about/ across /along/ on / out / up / down/ to come about 询问事情发生的原因It comes about that How did this accident come about? 这个事故是怎么产生的？(05江西)Please tell me how the accident _. I am still in the dark.A. came by B. came upon C. came to D. came aboutHow did it come about that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework?I wonder how it came about that you knocked into a tree.（2006湖北）25. Its already 10 oclock. I wonder how it _that she was two hours late on such a short trip.A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came upcome across 偶然遇见，碰上（同）happen to meet Weve just come across an old friend we havent seen for ages.我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。I came across some old photos in the attic. 我在阁楼上偶然翻到一些老照片。The other day, I came across/ came upon/ ran across a book you might e around = come round 来，迂回而至；随兴来访Can I come around to your place tonight?（多功能）今晚我到你家去好吗？My mother complains that her birthday comes around too quickly. （多功能）我妈妈抱怨她的生日总是来得太快了。come along一起去，一起来(to go somewhere together) Come along with me for a walk!（多功能）你跟我去散步吧！到来，出现(to arrive, to appear) He came along when I was about to call him up. （多功能）当我正要给他打电话时他就来了。（非正式）进展，进步；健康状况改善How are things coming along?（短语动词）一切都好吗？Mothers coming along nicely, thank you.（短语动词）母亲的身体好多了，谢谢。come down to向下达到 Her air comes down to her waist.（短语动词）归结为，归根结底是 It all comes down to money in the end.（短语动词）归根结底就是钱的问题。All this come down to one point: Work is helpful to health. It comes down to two choices: either you improve your work, or you leave. 由上一代传给下一代This story has come down to them from their ancestors.（短语动词）这故事是从他们祖先传下来的。come on（表示鼓励、催促等）快点, 赶快；加油Come onwell be late for the party. 快点儿，我们会赶不上聚会的。Come on, just try one more time. 加油，再尝试一次。（2006江西）22.Im dead tired. I cant walk any farther, Jenny. _, Tommy. You can do it! A. No problem B. No hurry C. Come on D. Thats OK （2005年天津卷）3. Itll take at least 2 hours to do this! Oh, _! I could do it in 30 minutes. A. come onB. pardon meC. your are rightD. dont mention itcome out 出现，显露 (同) appear；（花）开，发（芽）The moon has come out. 月亮出来了。The stars came out as soon as it was dark. 天一黑，星星就出来了。I think the roses will come out next week.（2007安徽，36）Fireworks were lit long before the moon _.A. let outB. gave outC. came out D. set out被披露；被获知At last the truth has come out. 真相终于大白了。出版，发表（同）be published That magazine comes out once a week. (05福建) The dictionary is being printed and it will soon come out. 结果是，在（测验中）得名次（同）turn outHow did things come out?事情的结果如何？ Things came out as we had expected. 情况果然不出我们所料。I came out first in the examination. (= come/ rank first)come to 涉及，谈到 When it comes to politics, I know nothing about it. 谈到政治，我一无所知。 （2006天津）8. Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isnt much help when it shopping and eating.A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to达成；到达 We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. He has come to a decision that he will give up the plan.The car came to a dead stop. 汽车蓦地刹住。/ The water came to my waist. 总数为；共计 The bill comes to 30 pounds. 帐单共计30英镑。苏醒 A week had passed before he came to (himself). 过了一星期他才苏醒。 When he came to, he found himself in hospital. 他苏醒过来时，发现自己躺在医院里。come up vi.发生，出现A chance may come up soon. 可能很快会有一个机会。（话题、议题等）被提出，被讨论 A lot of new questions came up at the meeting. 在这次会议上，许多新问题被提了出来。 come up with vt.提出，提供，想出 (不可用被动语态)come up with a proposal / suggestion 提出建议 He has come up with a good idea. 他想出来了一个好主意。 Each time we turned to him for help, he would come up with a good idea. （2007江苏卷）4. Have you _ some new ideas? Yeah. Ill tell you later. A. come aboutB. come intoC. come up withD. come out with9. compare to / with comparewith/ to 把和相比较She compared this car to/ with hers. 她把这部车同她的车相比较。compareto 把比作 Life is often compared to a stage.Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.（四级）莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。The youth is often compared to the morning sun. compared to/ with 与相比，用于句首或句末做状语Compared to/ with many others, youre a lucky dog.(2009重庆) 25. Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one.A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared10. cut off / out / in / down cut off 切断，阻断（同）block Be careful you dont cut your fingers off.cut off the water supply The supply of oil was cut off. 油的供应被切断了。 The traffic was cut off by the heavy downpour. 由于倾盆大雨交通中断了。 使分离，使隔绝 The village was cut off by the heavy snow. (04北春) He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was _ from the outside world. A. cut out B. cut off C. cut up D. cut through （常用于被动语态）切断电话线路而使某人通话中断 （1996年考研题）I was speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were _. A. hung up B. cut down C. hung back D. cut off 我正同安妮通电话时，电话断了。cut out 切下，剪掉，删去（同）cross out cut out some pictu