中考英语2018被动语态的用法及练习共22张PPT.ppt

被动语态 一 被动语态的概念 当谓语表示一个动作时 主语和它可以有两种不同的关系 主动关系和被动关系 表示主动关系时 主语是动作的执行者 称为主动语态Tomopenedthedoor 表示被动关系时 主语是动作的承受者 谓语要用另一种形式 称为被动语态ThedoorwasopenedbyTom 在被动结构中 动作执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示 二 形式被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成 时态通过be表现出来 完成进行时和将来进行时无被动语态 1一般现在时 Historyismadebypeople 2一般过去时 Whenwasthebuildingcompleted 3一般将来时 Wewon tbeinvited 4现在 过去进行时 Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt Theroadswerebeingwidened 5现在 过去完成时 Thebookhasbeentranslated Costshadbeengreatlyreduced 表格 被动态基本结构 am is aredone was weredone am is arebeingdone was werebeingdone shall willbedone wouldbedone have hasbeendone hadbeendone 以write为例 在16种时态中形式 以write为例 在时态中被动语态的形式 1 常用时态 9种 的被动语态结构 以do为例1 一般现在时am is are doneInsomepartsoftheworld tea withmilkandsugar A isservingB isservedC servesD servedIneedonemorestampbeforemycollection A hacompletedB completesC hasbeencompletedD iscompletedThenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople toeatmorefruitandvegetables A persuadeB willpersuadeC bepersuadedD arepersuaded 2 一般过去时was were doneI tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer A gaveB wasgivenC wasgivingD hadgivenThisisTed sphoto Wemisshimalot He tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake A killedB iskilledC waskilledD waskilling 3 现在进行时am is are beingdone Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse Notyet therooms A arebeingpaintedB arepainingC arepaintedD arebeingpaintingAnewcinema here Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth A willbebuiltB isbuiltC hasbeenbuiltD isbeingbuiltRainforests andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture A cutB arecutC arebeingcutD hadbeencut 4 过去进行时was were beingdoneThatroadwasbeingwidenedthistimelastyear 5 一般将来时willbe doneHundredsofjobs ifthefactorycloses A loseB willbelostC lostD willlose Yourjobopenforyourreturn Thanks A willbekeptB willkeepC hadkeptD hadbeenkept 6 过去将来时wouldbe doneMarytoldusthatashortplaywouldbeputonattheparty Inaroomabovethestore whereaparty someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable A wastobeheldB hasbeenheldC willbeheldD isbeingheld7 现在完成时have hasbeen doneAllthepreparationsforthetask andwearereadytostart A completedB completeC hadbeencompletedD havebeencompleted 8 过去完成时hadbeen doneThenewsuspensionbridge bytheendoflastmonth A hasbeendesignedBhadbeendesignedC wasdesignedD wouldbedesignedBytheendoflastyear anothernewgymnasium inBeijing A wouldbecompletedB wasbeingcompletedC hasbeencompletedD hadbeencompleted 9 将来完成时ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics by2006 AhasbeencompletedB hascompletedC willhavebeencompletedD willhavecompleted 含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时 其结构为 情态动词 be vt pp Youcan ttakethemagazineoutofthereading room Themagazinecan tbetakenoutofthereading room Theseexercisemustbedoneinclass Morericecanbeproducednextyear 6 被动语态与系表结构的区别 be 过去分词 这个结构并不一定都是被动语态 有些动词be feel seem look等后的过去分词已转化为形容词 作表语 表示状态 Theglassisbroken 系表结构 Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy 被动语态 Thedoorislocked 系表结构 Thedoorhasjust beenlocked 被动语态 系表结构与被动语态的主要差别是 被动语态表示一个动作 它可以有介词by引起的短语 而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态 虽形式与被动语态相似 实质不同 1 Thepicturewaswelldrawn Thepicturewasdrawnbymysister 2 Thelibraryisnowclosed Itisusuallyclosedat6 3 Thebridgeiscompleted Thebridgewascompletedin1968 三 被动语态的使用情况1 不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren 2 动作的承受者是谈话的中心Thesongwaswrittenbyastudent 3 出于礼貌措辞圆通等不愿说出动作执行者Youarerequiredtosingasong 4 需要突出或强调动作的承受者时 动作的承受者是谈话的中心 这时常带有by引起的短语 Foodisneededbyeverylivingthing Thisschoolisrunbythetradeunion 5 有时被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排Theyaregoingtobuildalibrarybuildingherenextyear Itisgoingtobebuiltrightbesidetheofficebuilding 若两句都用they作主语 则显得呆板 6 当动作的执行者不是人的时候Wewereallshockedbythenewsofhissuddendeath Thehousewaswashedawaybythestorm7 为了委婉 礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时EnoughhasbeensaidhereofthisquestionYouarewishedtodoitmorecarefully 主动形式表示被动意义1 wash clean cook iron look cut sell read wear feel draw write sell drive Thebooksellswell 这本书销路好 Thisknifecutseasily 这刀子很好用 2 blame remain keep rent buildIwastoblamefortheaccident Muchworkremains 3 在need require want worth 形容词 deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式 Thedoorneedsrepairing Thedoorneedstoberepaired Thisroomneedscleaning 这房间应该打扫一下 Thisbookisworthreading 这本书值得一读 4 特殊结构 makesb heard understood 使别人能听见 理解自己 havesth done 要某人做某事 被动形式表示主动意义bede