城市社会学复习题.doc

Review Questions城市社会学复习题前言1What is urban sociology? (Pp0-2)2. What is city? (Pp3-4)3. How did classic sociologists understand urbanism? (Pp4-7, Pp338-339) 第一章 城市的起源（P10）1. How to explain the two concepts, urban development and urbanization?2. Physical and social structure of city state, and its historical significance to the development of human society. (P13, 15-17)3. The relationship of physical and social characteristics in preindustrial city. (P17) City wall 形成的封建割据4. Describing some factors or forms of Civil Society in early development of European cities.城邦（city state，12、14）、行会（guild，23）和宗教组织（16），古代社会组织的三大民主要素5. Explain the social function (各种社会功能：显功能、潜功能) of castle from a sociological perspective. (P31、31)6. Organizational structure and social functions of Guilds. (P23、31) 7. Explain the meanings and relation of the two concepts, “city state” and “urban nation”. (P12, 14, and P30, 32)8The meaning of “Chengshi” (city) in Chinese ancient language.第二章 芝加哥学派及批评者（P36）1. Explain the major perspectives of the classical and modern urban ecology.2The seven ecological processes offered by McKenzie. (41-L)3. What kind of trends of urban growth are described and explained by Burgesss Concentric Zone Hypothesis? (P49-50)4What do the three major classic ecological models want to tell us? (sector theory, multiple nuclei, P51-54)第三章 现代生态理论（P58）1. How did modern ecological studies analyze the various factors to determine spatial distribution? 2. Explain the Neo-orthodox ecological studies on spatial distance and social distance (residential distribution, occupational status and social stratification, P60-61) 3. Explain the framework of Duncans ecosystem or ecological complex. (What is Ecological Complex, 61-R)4. Major ideas of social-cultural ecology. (P62-67)5. Procedure and significance of the social area analysis. (P68)第四章 城市区域结构（P74）1. Different definitions of urban areas (P75)2. Typological definitions of cities. (Pp84-88)3. What are physical and social characteristics of metropolitan areas and megalopolitan areas? 4. According to Duncan and his associates, what are various levels of metropolitan dominance? (82-L)5. The assumption of central place theory. (P89)6. Structure and Characteristics of Urban System第五章 美国大都市的发展（P95） 1. What is metropolitanization？（Pp96-97）2The influences of metropolitanization and life ways in metropolitan areas 3. What conditions within metropolitan regions that are related to social problems? Why? (101-L-R)3. What are components of a metropolitan area in the United States? (107-R, 122-R)5. Describe some technological, social, and demographical trends in American metropolitan growth. (122-R)6. Types, functions and effects of residential segregation (Pp118-122).第六章 城市社区（P128）1. Explain the major functions or elements of a community (organization) (130-R).2. What is the difference between the concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft? (132-L)3. What is the major idea of the fork-urban continuum? (133-L)4. What is community power structure?5. The reputational approach and decisional approach in studies of community power structure. (Pp139-140)6. What are the personal and structural factors that influence social mobility?7. Explain the relation between community structure and stratification?第七章 美国城市生活（P148）1 Show and explain the difference of living ways between residents of central city and suburban city (Pp149-156)2. What is the consequences of suburban growth or suburbanization?3. How did sociologists take (think) suburban residence as a cause of life-style? (P156, 169)4. The two myths of “suburban” in American culture. (P156, 158)5. Status, ethnic variations and their relations with residential location (segregation). (P149-L, Pp149-188)第八章 城市社会心理学（P193）1How did Simmel term the “Metropolitan type” of human personality? (194)2. Explain Mertons theory of anomie and its critiques (Pp198-199)3. Explain the major categories of personal space. (209-R)第九章 美国城市改造 （P219） 1. What is the social meaning of “urban sprawl”? (城市蔓延,P223, 369)2. Human benefit and cost of the urban renewal (Gentrification)(Meaning and process of urban renewal. P236-R)3. What is eminent domain? （238-L）国家征地权4. Explain the social goals and significance of zoning. (243)第十章 城镇规划（P252）1. Origination and significances of the idea of Garden City (252-R)2. Munfords developmental phases of the city. (P257)3. The different perspectives of physical-ecological determinists and the social-culturalists (Pp270-271) 4. How to understand the difference of density and crowding, and their relation to social pathologies. (P103, 275) 5. Keys terms of urban planning (land use, total floor space per hectare plot, plot ratio, building density)第十一章 当今世界的城市化第十二章 城市化与现代化的原因与结果 （P322）1Causes and consequences of urbanization and modernization (P322)2What are the differences between the past and the present urbanization? (330-331, 339-R)3What does Louis Wirths theory of urbanism tell us? （Pp4-7, Pp338-339）第十三章 第三世界城市化的问题1. What are the major problems of Third World Urbanization? (P342)2What is “primate city”? Why does primacy occur? (P346)3. Definition of “over urbanization” and problems associat