android客户端的数据传给web服务端进行操作.doc

由于刚接触android开发，故此想把学到的基础知识记录一下，以备查询，故此写的比较啰嗦：步骤如下：一、介绍： 此文主要是介利用android网络通信功能把android客户端的数据传给web服务端进行操作 此项目列举三个个传值方式：1、GET方式，2、POST方式，3、HttpClient方式二、新建一个android工程NewsManage 工程目录： 三、AndroidManifest.xml配置清单 由于要访问网络，故需要添加网络访问权限，红色标注添加部分 四、main.xml配置： 五、string.xml配置： Hello World, NewsManageActivity! 资讯管理 视频标题 播放时长 保存 保存成功 保存失败六、NewsManageActivity.java Activity源码：package com.example.newsmanage;import com.example.service.NewsService;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.Toast;public class NewsManageActivity extends Activity /* Called when the activity is first created. */ EditText titleText; EditText lengthText; Button button; Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); titleText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.title); lengthText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.timelength); button = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button); public void save(View v) throws Exception String title = titleText.getText().toString(); String timelength = lengthText.getText().toString(); boolean result = NewsService.save(title,timelength); if(result) Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.success, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); else Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),R.string.fail, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); 七、NewsService .java 业务类源码：注：业务类提供三种发送请求的方式：get/post/httpClientpackage com.example.service;import java.io.OutputStream;import .HttpURLConnection;import .URL;import .URLEncoder;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;public class NewsService /* * 保存数据，传递参数给web服务器端 * param title 标题 * param timelength 时长 * return */ public static boolean save(String title, String timelength) throws Exception /05为本机IP地址，不能用localhost代替 String path = 05:8080/web/ManageServlet; Map params = new HashMap(); params.put(title, title); params.put(timelength, timelength); /get请求方式 /return sendGETRequest(path,params,UTF-8); /post请求方式 /return sendPOSTRequest(path,params,UTF-8); /httpClient请求方式，如果单纯传递参数的话建议使用GET或者POST请求方式 return sendHttpClientPOSTRequest(path,params,UTF-8);/httpclient已经集成在android中 /* * 通过HttpClient发送post请求 * param path * param params * param encoding * return * throws Exception */ private static boolean sendHttpClientPOSTRequest(String path, Map params, String encoding) throws Exception List pairs = new ArrayList();/存放请求参数 for(Map.Entry entry:params.entrySet() pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(); /防止客户端传递过去的参数发生乱码，需要对此重新编码成UTF-8 UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairs,encoding); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(path); httpPost.setEntity(entity); DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost); if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() = 200) return true; return false; /* * 发送post请求 * param path 请求路径 * param params 请求参数 * param encoding 编码 * return 请求是否成功 */ private static boolean sendPOSTRequest(String path, Map params, String encoding) throws Exception StringBuilder data = new StringBuilder(path); for(Map.Entry entry:params.entrySet() data.append(entry.getKey().append(=); /防止客户端传递过去的参数发生乱码，需要对此重新编码成UTF-8 data.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(),encoding); data.append(&); data.deleteCharAt(data.length() - 1); byte entity = data.toString().getBytes();/得到实体数据 HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(path).openConnection(); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); conn.setRequestMethod(POST); conn.setDoOutput(true);/设置为允许对外输出数据 conn.setRequestProperty(Content-Type, application/x-www-form-urlencoded); conn.setRequestProperty(Content-Length, String.valueOf(entity.length); OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream(); outStream.write(entity);/写到缓存 if(conn.getResponseCode()=200)/只有取得服务器返回的http协议的任何一个属性时才能把请求发送出去 return true; return false; /* * 发送GET请求 * param path 请求路径 * param params 请求参数 * return 请求是否成功 * throws Exception */ private static boolean sendGETRequest(String path, Map params,String encoding) throws Exception StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder(path); url.append(?); for(Map.Entry entry:params.entrySet() url.append(entry.getKey().append(=); /get方式请求参数时对参数进行utf-8编码，URLEncoder /防止客户端传递过去的参数发生乱码，需要对此重新编码成UTF-8 url.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), encoding); url.append(&); url.deleteCharAt(url.length()-1); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url.toString().openConnection(); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); conn.setRequestMethod(GET); if(conn.getResponseCode() = 200) return true; return false; 八、由于要把数据传递给web服务端，而web端传递过来的数据有两种格式，故需要新建一个web服务，使之能接收android客户端传递的参数； 1、新建一个servlet可以接收传递的参数，源码如下： package com.example.servlet;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;/* * Servlet implementation class ManageServlet */public class ManageServlet extends HttpServlet private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /* * see HttpServlet#HttpServlet() */ public ManageServlet() super(); /* * see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException String title = request.getParameter(title); /把客户端传递过来的参数进行重新编码使之能支持中文 /title = new String(title.getBytes(ISO8859-1),UTF-8);/使用过滤器后就不需要每次都要进行此操作 String timelength = request.getParameter(timelength); System.out.println(视频名称：+title); System.out.println(播放时长：+timelength); /* * see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException String title = request.getParameter(title); /把客户端传递过来的参数进行重新编码使之能支持中文 /title = new String(title.getBytes(ISO8859-1),UTF-8);/使用过滤器后就不需要每次都要进行此操作 String timelength = request.getParameter(timelength); System.out.println(视频名称：+title); System.out.println(播放时长：+timelength); 2、由于传递过来的参数默认编码为ISO8895-1，故打印后台的参数回事乱码故需要传递的过来的参数进行编码,但是如果每次都要对传递过来的参数都要 进行编码转换，是比较麻烦的，故需要建立一个拦截器，对传递过来的参数进行统一在一起进行编码转换，当请求/*时拦截器先进行编码处理： 拦截器代码如下： EncodingFilter .java 源码如下：package com.example.filter;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.Filter;import javax.servlet.FilterChain;import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;/* * Servlet Filter implementation class EncodingFilter */public class EncodingFilter implements Filter /* * Default constructor. */ public EncodingFilter() /* * see Filter#destroy() */ public void destroy() /* * see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) */ public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request; if(GET.equals(req.getMethod() EncodingHttpServletRequest wrapper = new EncodingHttpServletRequest(req); chain.doFilter(wrapper, response); else /post req.setCharacterEncoding(UTF-8); chain.doFilter(request, response); /* * see Filter#init(FilterConfig) */ public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException EncodingHttpServletRequest .java源码如下：package com.example.filter;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;public class EncodingHttpServletRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper private HttpServletRequest request; public EncodingHttpServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) super(request); this.request = request; Override public String getParameter(String name) String value = request.getParameter(name); if(value!=null) try value = new String(value.getBytes(ISO8859-1),UTF-8); catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) e.printStackTrace(); return value; 注意：在运行android项目前必须先运行web服务 九、先运行web服务器，然后运行android项目，发送参数后，web后台就可以打印出相应的信息十、注意事项以及相关知识点： 1、由于涉及访问网络，故需要添加网络访问权限 2、访问web服务时地址必须写网络的IP地址，否则会在本地服务上查找 3、熟悉怎么向web服务端发送请求以及方式（http协议） GET方式：HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection(); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); conn.setRequestMethod(GET); conn.getResponseCode() = 200 来判断是否请求成功 POST方式：byte entity = data.toString().getBytes();/得到实体数据 HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(path).openConnection(); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); conn.setRequestMethod(POST); con