高三英语二轮复习 专题六 史地常识型阅读理解精品课件 新课标.ppt

专题六史地常识型阅读理解 专题六史地常识型阅读理解 专题六 专题导读 史地常识型文章通常介绍异域风光 历史事件 进一步扩大我们的视野和对其他国家 尤其是对英语国家的了解 因此史地常识型文章经常出现在高考阅读理解中 其趋势是 1 选材 英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件 历史年代 2 命题 以细节题为主 有部分推断题 3 知识 涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识 史地常识型文章多以细节题为主 着重考查考生理解文中具体信息的能力 细节题一般分为以下几类 专题六 专题导读 1 排序题 根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子间的逻辑关系 找出事件的正确顺序 一般采用 首尾定位法 来做题 即先确定出第一个和最后一个事件 缩小范围 得出答案 2 图文转换题 根据短文描写找出相应图形或根据图形找出答案 一般采用 文史锁定法 找出文字 按 文 定 图 或 图形标示法 在图中标出内容 以便理解 3 数字换算题 根据数据 找出换算关系 计算并得出答案 专题六 专题导读 4 表格理解题 看懂行和列分别代表的意义 正确理解 做出选择 5 同义转换题 6 代词指代题 理清人物 事件间的逻辑关系 使人物 事件更加条理化 简明化 专题六 真题典例 2011 安徽卷 thinkaboutthedifferentwaysthatpeopleusethewind youcanuseittoflyakiteortosailaboat windisoneofourcleanestandrichestpowersources 来源 aswellasoneoftheoldest evidenceshowsthatwindmills 风车 begantobeusedinancientiranbackintheseventhcenturybc theywerefirstintroducedtoeuropeduringthe1100s whenarmiesreturnedfromthemiddleeastwithknowledgeofusingwindpower 专题六 真题典例 formanycenturies peopleusedwindmillstogrind 磨碎 wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepunderground whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio however bythe1940swhenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheunitedstates windmillswererarelyused 专题六 真题典例 duringthe1970s peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever then windwasrediscovered thoughitmeanshighercosts today thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind 解析 本文是一篇说明文 主要介绍人们使用风的几种不同方式 可以放风筝 可以扬帆航行 还是最清洁最丰富的能源 很早以前人们就开始用风能发电了 专题六 真题典例 1 fromthetextweknowthatwindmills a wereinventedbyeuropeanarmiesb haveahistoryofmorethan2 800yearsc usedtosupplypowertoradioinremoteareasd haverarelybeenusedsinceelectricitywasdiscovered 解析 c细节理解题 从第二段whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio 可知风车在偏远的地区曾用来发电 人们可以照明和听广播 专题六 真题典例 2 whatwasanewuseforwindpowerinthelate19thcentury a sailingaboat b producingelectricity c grindingwheatintoflour d pumpingwaterfromunderground 解析 b细节理解题 从第二段第二句whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity 可知在19世纪末期 人们开始用风车来发电 专题六 真题典例 3 oneofthereasonswindwasrediscoveredinthe1970sisthat a windpoweriscleanerb itisoneoftheoldestpowersourcesc itwascheapertocreateenergyfromwindd thesupplyofcoalandgasfailedtomeetneeds 解析 a细节理解题 从文章最后一段前两句可知 人们从20世纪70年代开始关注烧煤和气来发电产生的空气污染 而且煤和气不会持久 尽管风能发电成本高 但是人们还是开始重新考虑用风能发电 专题六 真题典例 4 whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows a theadvantagesofwindpower b thedesignofwindpowerplants c theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy d theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind 解析 d推理判断题 从文章最后一句可知作者下段可能会讨论全球用风能发电的趋势 新题预测 专题六 新题预测 一 petsarenostrangerstothewhitehouse manyofamerica spresidentshavebeenanimallovers inrecenttimes whitehousepetshavebeentamedogsandcats longago however presidentialpets likeournationitself werewilder 专题六 新题预测 in1806 presidentthomasjeffersonlivedinthewhitehouse passers byoftencaughtsightofhispetbears explorershaddiscoveredthesefiercebears caughtapairofsmallones andsentthemtojefferson whilethepresidentwasexcitedabouthisbears hisenemiesincongressconstantlylaughedathispets callingthewhitehouse thepresident sbeargarden 专题六 新题预测 by1825 thebearswerelonggonefromthewhitehousescene nowthebuildingwashometopresidentjohnquincyadamsandhiscrocodile thegreenbeastactuallybelongedtogenerallafayette afrenchherowhohadhelpedtheunitedstateswintherevolutionarywar whenlafayetteaskedadamstokeepthecrocodileforhim thepresidentcouldn trefuse whilepresidentadamsbabysatthehugecrocodile firstladylouisaadamswasbusyraisingthousandsofsilkworms sheusedthesilkfromthesilkwormstomakeclothforherdresses 专题六 新题预测 whenpresidentmartinvanburenmovedintothewhitehousein1837 hebroughthistigerswithhim atleast vanburensaidthetigerswerehis thesultanofomanhadsentthetigerswhenvanburenwaselected socongressarguedthatthecatsbelongedtotheamericanpeople afightoverthetigerscontinuedformonths intheend congresssentsomeonetoseizethetigersandputtheminazoo 专题六 新题预测 twentyyearslater presidentjamesbuchananreceivedanothervaluablegiftwhenhewasinhisfirstyearinthewhitehouse thistime thekingofsiamsentseveralelephants buchananhadnodesiretosharehisbuildingwiththebigcreatures sohesentthemtothezoo buchanandid however keepanothergift apairofbirds theywereafittingsymbolofpresidentialpower 解析 饲养宠物一直是西方人的喜好 然而在白宫内总统饲养宠物还是一件新鲜事 本文以时间为顺序详细讲述了美国总统饲养宠物的趣事 专题六 新题预测 1 accordingtothepassage wecaninferthat a thepetsthepresidentsraisedwereallhugeonesb thepetsthepresidentsownedwerealltheirfavoriteonesc thepresidentskeptthepetsnotonlyathomebutinthezood thepresidents petswerenotonlycaredaboutbytheirfamilies 解析 d推理判断题 可用排除法 专题六 新题预测 2 howdidthepresidentsmentionedgettheirunusualpets a theygotthemintheforest b theyboughtthematthemarket c thepetsweregiventothembyothers d theirfamilymembersofferedthemthepets 解析 c细节理解题 文章中一共提到thomasjefferson johnquincyadams martinvanburen jamesbuchanan等美国总统 他们的宠物都是别人赠送的 专题六 新题预测 3 whatsimilarpoliticaleffectdidjefferson sbearsandvanburen stigershave a thepetsmadethemhappyandgay b ittookthemtoomuchtimetolookafterthem c itmadepeoplebelievethattheywereanimallovers d itbroughtaboutdissatisfactionwiththemincongress 专题六 新题预测 解析 d细节理解题 由第二段的 hisenemiesincongressconstantlylaughedathispets callingthewhitehouse thepresident sbeargarden 和第四段的 socongressarguedthatthecatsbelongedtotheamericanpeople afightoverthetigerscontinuedformonths 可知这两位总统在白宫养宠物引起了国会的反对 专题六 新题预测 4 presidentjamesbuchanangotelephants whilepresidentbillclinton whocametopowerabout yearslater keptdogsaspets a nearlytwohundredb overonehundredandthirtyc aboutonehundredd aroundforty five 解析 b由文章最后一段可知presidentjamesbuchanan得到大象时是在1857年 而billclinton是在1992年竞选当总统的 相距135余年了 因此选项b为答案 专题六 新题预测 二 islandsintheworldarefamousfordifferentthings buthawaiiisspecialforitsvarietyoffeatures beautifulsandybeaches activevolcanoes 火山 agreatcanyon 溪谷 andspecialhistoryandcultureadduptocreateitsfamouslyromanticatmosphere formedbyvolcanoesatthebottomofthesea thehawaiiislandsarelikeanecklace 项链 inthemiddleofthepacificocean 6 000kilometresoffthewestcoastofmexico thereareeightmainislandsinthegroup hawaii orbigisland maui kahoolawe lanai molokai oahu kauai andniihau 专题六 新题预测 theyoungestandbiggestisland alsocalledhawaiiwasformed430 000yearsagoandisstillgrowing kauai theoldestwasformed5 1millionyearsago fortourists thesightofthelava 熔岩 thatstillflowsfromsomeofthevolcanoesdowntothesea isamajorattraction hawaiiisthenewestandsmalleststateintheus in1900theislandsjoinedtheus inmodernhistoryitwillalwaysberememberedfortheattackonpearlharborbythejapaneseairforce1941 专题六 新题预测 about1 000yearsagotheislandsweresettledbypolynesians 波利尼西亚人 captainjamescookledthefirstgroupofwesternerstherein1778 nativehawaiianshaveaspecialcultureandlanguages althoughnowadaysenglishistheofficiallanguageofhawaii folkmusicanddancingarestillwidelypracticed thetraditionaldanceoftheislandsisthehula ahawaiianwordthatmeansdance 专题六 新题预测 hawaii sreputationforromancewasspreadwhenhollywoodstartedtouseitstypicalmusicinmoviesinthe1960s today hawaiiisfamousforitsmixofcultures chinese japaneseandfilipinosalllivethere chinesearrivedintheislandsasearlyasthelate18thcentury drsunyat sen thefamouschineserevolutionary grewupthere 专题六 新题预测 everyoneinhawaiiisamemberofanethnicminority 少数民族 andgenerallytheyexistinapleasantharmony 和谐 ofracesandcultures 解析 本文是说明文 全文说明了夏威夷的形成以及自然与人文风情 专题六 新题预测 1 whichofthefollowingdirectlyledtotheformationofthehawa