21世纪大学英语读写教程第一册Unit 3.doc

Course Name: College English I (21st century)Level: Band One, UndergraduateClass hours: 8 hoursUnit ThreeObjectives of the course:Students will be able to1. grasp the main idea and structure of the text;2. appreciate the write and reading skills;3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.Time Division for two-hour classes one time: 1) Revision (10 minutes)2) Course delivery (around 70 minutes)3) Review and assignment (5-10 minutes)I. Revision: 1. Reviewing Units 1 & 2;2. Reviewing what has been learnt about this unit in the course of learning it.;2. Testing the students mastery of the key language points including the writing skill;3. Doing some dictating.II. Course deliveryi. Study of Text A “Stevie wonder: Sunshine in the Shadow”i) Pre-reading activities1. Several musical terms1) Gospeln.福音;【圣】the Gospel 新约四福音书之一;口主义、信条;真理实;美黑人福音音乐The word gospel usually refers to any of the four books of the Bible wihich contain details of the life of Jesus Christ. In music, gospel refers to a style of religious music originally performer by black Americans. Gospel music is considered to have begun in the United States, sometime in the 19th century, first appearing in print in 1874 with the publication of Gospel Songs by Philip Bliss.2) Rock and roll, rock and roll music, or rock musicRock and roll is a type of popular music, marked by a steady beat (;连续节拍) and a strong rhythm (有力的节奏), which is often played at high volume. Rock music combines elements of blues n.抑郁, 沮丧,忧郁布鲁斯歌曲(蓝调音乐), country and gospel and its popularity can be traced (vi.上溯, 沿路走) to the mid-1950s when Elvis Presley was its most successful performer. By the early 1960s, rock and roll, which often expressed a rebellious attitude towards society, became the most popular form of music for teenagers and such British groups as the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were influential performers. Since the 1960s, rock and roll has gained worldwide popularity not only among teens, but also among persons of college age and older.3) JazzJazz is a kind of music that has often been called the only art form to originate in the United States. The history of jazz began in the late 1800s. The music grew from a combination of influences, including black American music, African rhythms, American band traditions and instruments, and European harmonies and forms. One of the key elements of jazz is improviszation(n.即兴作诗, 即席演奏).Another important element of jazz is syncopation(n.切分法, 省略中间的音节, 中略). To syncopate their music, jazz musicians take patterns that are even(a. 恰好的, 平均的, 连贯的) and regular and break them up(break up v.打碎, 破碎, 分裂, 结束, 衰落, 分解, 变坏, 驱散), make them uneven, and put accents (accent n.重音, 口音, 重音符)in unexpected places.The earliest jazz was performed by black Americans who had little or no training in Western music.2. Pre-reading listening Do the listening practice concerning Stevie Morris and answer the related questions.Script:When Stevie Morris was born, it looked as though his life would be very hard. Not only was he poor and black, he was also blind from birth. But Stevie was so busy laughing, playing, and enjoying himself that he didnt notice how he was different from other children.Almost as soon as he could walk, Stevie showed a love for music. His family was amazed by how quickly Stevie learned to play the toy drum set (一套玩具鼓) and the toy harmonica (玩具口琴) he was given. Soon, Stevie taught himself the piano and began playing rock and roll music with his friends on the front porch of the apartment building =apartment house(美)公寓大楼 where he lived.When Stevie was only nine years old, he auditioned (n.试听；试唱；试演; 听, 听力; vt., vi. 试唱；试演) for Motown Records (即Motown Record Company). When they heard him play, the record company people knew he was something special(他有点与众不同). “Hes a wonder(n.奇才)!” Somebody said, and soon Stevie had a new name. He would become world-famous as Little Stevie Wonder(小奇才Stevie).Stevie Wonders first hit n. (演剧等的)成功 record (n.唱片) , called “Fingertips(fingertip n. 指尖, 指套),” came when he was just twelve years old. As he became an adult, Stevie started producing his own albums and became one of the most popular and influential performers in popular music.In 1973, at the height of (at the height of在.的高度, 在.的最盛时 在.的高潮中) his fame (在他最负盛名时), Stevie encountered another challenge. A car accident left him badly injured, unable to speak or walk. But Stevie fought back (抵抗)from the accident (战胜了车祸带来的伤痛) and soon resumed (resume vt. 恢复) his place at the top of the pop music charts chart n. (pl)流行音乐排行榜 (恢复了其在流行乐排行榜上的顶尖位置). Stevie Wonder overcame his own darkness and his music has brought sunshine to the shadow of many other lives (给许多别的人带来了阳光,驱除了其生活中的阴影).3. Pre-reading questions on P50 of Unit 3.ii) Words and expressions:Go through the words and expressions, paying attention to pronunciation meaningshaving in mind synonyms and antonyms word building: learn word building knowledge to enlarge vocabulary in terms of suffixes, prefixes and word root. suffixes: -ous and al can be added to nouns to form nouns (do Ex. VI); -ness can be added to adjectives to form nouns (do Ex. VII); prefixes;word root: (part of a word) on which other forms of that word are based,如grat= to please (喜好); 词根词根act = to act (行动)学习2个词根: grat, act: 词根: grat= to please (喜好)l grateful a. 感谢的,感激的 (充满欢喜的)l ungrateful a.不知感激的 l gratify v.使高兴,使满意 (使高兴)l gratification n.满足,令人愉快之事l gratitude n.感激 l ingrate n.忘恩负义 (in+grat+itude= not + please + n.)l gratis ad.,a. 免费地(的)l gratuitous a.没有报酬的,免费的,无故的l gratuity n.小费,礼物,退役慰劳金l gratulaeite v. 欢迎,祝贺,表示欣喜l gratulant a.欣喜的，祝贺的l grace n.优雅,温文,仁慈,美德 v.增光,增色 (可喜的)l graceful a.优雅的,得体的l gracious a.亲切的,仁慈的l disgrace n.不名誉,耻辱 v.玷污 l agree v.同意,赞成 (使对方高兴) l agreeable a.令人愉快的l agreement n.协定,一致,协调,同意l congratulate v.祝贺,恭贺 l congratulation n.祝贺,庆贺; (pl.)贺词 (Text A 词汇表中单词)l ingratiate v.讨好,逢迎 (使高兴向着某人) l ingratiation n.讨好,巴结词根act = to act (行动)l act n.行为,法案,一幕 v. 行动,扮演,作用l action n.行动,动作,作用,诉讼,战斗l actionable a.可引起诉讼的,可被控诉的l activate v.刺激,使产生活动l activation n.活化l activator n.触媒,催化剂l active a.活动的,活跃的,能起作用的l activity n. 活动,行动,活动力 (Text A词汇表中单词)l actual a. 真实的,实际的l actuality n.现实l actualize v.实现,实行l actually ad.真实地,实际地l actualist n.现实主义者,现实论者,实际者 l actuate v.使活动,使动作,促使l enact v.制定为法律,扮演 l enactment n.(法律之)创制,法令 l exact a.(=drive out)需要,强索a.正确的,精确的,严格的 l exacting a.苛求的,费力的l exaction n.勒索,榨取,税l exactitude n.正确,精密,严正 l exactly ad.正确地l inaction n.不活动,懒散,怠惰l inactive a.不活动的,不活泼的,懒惰的l interact v., n. 交互作用,互相影响 l react v.反动,反作用,起化学反应 l reactor n.反动者,起反应者,核反应堆l reaction n.反动,反应,反作用l transact n.处理,执行,交易 (行得通) l transaction n.办理,处理,交易 l agency n.动作,力量,代理,经售,代理处,经销处 (实行,做) l agent n.代理人,代理商,动作者,原动力 (做的人)l agile a.活泼的,轻快的,敏捷的 l agility n.动作的敏捷,机敏 l agitate v.震动,煽动l agitation n.摇动,激动的状态,煽动l agitator n.煽动者,游说者l agony n.极大的痛苦,精神上的激动 (缠绕心头)l cogent =to drive together a.强有力的,使人信服的 (劝动别人一起去) l cogitate v.思考,计划,设计l cogitable a.可思考的,可想像的l exigent a.急切的,紧急的,所需极多的 (驱逐出去) l prodigal a.浪费的,挥霍的 n.浪费者,浪子 e.g. play the prodigal过放荡生活iii) Language points including text analysis1. The teacher guides the students to go through the text paragraph by paragraph and in this process the teacher may mainly focus on the key language points with examples if necessary and give students practice.1）likely would always be that way - would probably remain blind all his lifelikely (1)a. (-lier, more likely; -liest, most likely)很可能的, 合适的, 可靠的, 有希望的, 可相信的, 似真的, 漂亮的, 吸引人的e.g. The train is likely to be late.这趟火车很可能晚点。a likely plan有成功可能的计划She is the most likely girl to win the prize.她是最有希望得奖的女孩。a likely story可能是真实的故事a likely young man一个有希望的青年She is not likely to come next month.她下月很可能不来。It is very likely that he will not consent.很可能他不会同意。I have found a likely house at last.最后我找到了一间合适的房子。(2) ad. 或许, 可能, 大概e.g. Ill very likely be at home all day.我可能整天都呆在家里。(3) 习惯用语:as likely as not (=most very likely)可能, 多半, 说不定be likely to do (sth.)很可能会做(某事)It is likely that.很可能.Not likely!口不可能! 才不呢! (强调否认或拒绝)2）She broke into tears She suddenly began to cry.她突然泪流满面。break into (1) give sudden utterance to e.g. The audience broke into warm applause/laughter at the end of the performance.The fans of the winning team(得胜队) broke into song.（2）begin suddenlye.g. When the little boy saw his mother, he broke into a run.The girl broke into a run when at the sight of the school bus.3）Blind and black and poor - being blind and black and poorThe adjective phrase functions as an adverbial, which normally occurs either at the beginning or the end of a sentence.e.g. Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.Mrs. Smith gazed at him speechless for a moment. speechless a. （由于激动、震惊等）,一时不能说话，哑口无言，张口结舌, 说不出话来的, 缄默的,言语表达不出的, 无言的;(英俚)烂醉的 4) In her wildest dreams (在她异想天开的梦中), Mrs. Morris could never have imagined that - Even in her wildest dreams, Mrs. Morris could never have considered the possibility that e.g. In his wildest dreams he could never have expected to see her again. Who, in his wildest dreams, could ever think of such a scheme (schemeski:m n.安排, 配置, 计划, 阴谋, 方案, 图解, 摘要 v. 计划, 设计, 图谋, 策划)?5）He was brought up among church-going people whose faith helped them bear the poverty.Church(-)going (a.经常上教堂/做礼拜的 n.上教堂) people or church(-)goers (n.经常去做礼拜的人) are people who attend church services (service n.仪式；宗教仪式) regularly, and who believe zealously(ad.热心地, 热情地,积极地,狂热地) in religious teachings (teaching n. 教学, 宗教义, 教导) on kindness (n.仁慈, 亲切, 好意, 善意), obedience(n.服众, 顺从), endurance n.忍耐(力), 持久(力), 耐久(性), and other qualities. Thus, they will accept all worldly (a.世间的 e.g. worldly-minded营求名利的；worldly-wise a.精于世故的) hardships and sufferings（suffering n.苦楚, 受难 a.受苦的, 患病的） readily. The sentence suggests (v.暗示) that, under the influence of these people, Stevie was content with his conditions.bring up: take care of during infancy and childhood; nurse and educate 抚养，养育e.g. I was brought up by my grandparents.Though many Chinese families have only one child to bring up now, they dont feel the task easy at all.6) He loved music and would pound spoons or forks on any surface that faintly resembled a drum. 他会在看起来有点象鼓的物面上敲敲打打。faintly adv. slightly, mildly 微弱地, 轻微地，朦胧地, 模糊地e.g. I remember faintly that Ive read this novel somewhere.Suddenly the ground started shaking faintly. Was it an earthquake?resemble vt. - look or be like 象; 类似；古比拟; 譬喻(to)；罕使象(某人, 物)；古仿造; 摹写e.g. She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。He strongly resembles his father.他酷似他的父亲。7) sighted children children who are able to see8) As far as he knew, that was all anyone could do.As stevie was born blind, he had no idea what sight was. He thought that, like himself, all other people were only able to hear, smell and touch. That in the sentence refers to the ability to hear, smell and touch.9) get tired of be no longer interested in 厌倦，厌烦e.g. I left the job for good becasuse I had got tired of it.Singing is something that Mary never gets tired of.同义词组：be fed up with 饱受, 厌烦be sick of 厌烦6T10) wear out - (1) become useless or worthless as the result of use 把用坏，把穿破旧e.g. Cheap shoes soon wear out.My socks are worn out.（2）tire sb. Greatly; cause to become exhausted逐渐耗尽, 使疲惫不堪, 使虚弱, 使衰老e.g. I am worn out with all this talking (n.谈论).The kids wore me out with their screaming and crying （尖叫和哭喊）.Cf. wear away磨损, (时间)消逝wear down磨损, 使衰弱, 疲惫不堪wear off磨损灭; 损耗; 逐渐消失wear on(时间)慢慢过去;(以同样方式)继续下去;使恼火, 使烦躁不安戴在.上wear well经久耐用11）clap time to the beat clap hands by following the rhythm of the musicbeat bi:t (1) vt., vi. beat, beaten 或 beat, beating连打，敲打使成形，规律性地拍击，搅拌，击败；胜过e.g. The rain was beating against/on the deck.雨打在甲板上。The rain beat against the windows.雨水拍打在窗户上。sto beat a drum击鼓The heart beats.心脏跳动。to beat eggs打鸡蛋We played the top class at football but we couldnt beat them.我们踢足球是一流水平, 但是我们不能战胜他们。习惯用语：Beat it!走开！beat time打拍子 beat down压低价钱；杀价The sun beat down all day. (喻)太阳整天晒得热辣辣的。beat in连击使之破裂beat up打成重伤（2）n.一击，有规律的敲击声, （音乐或诗的）拍子，节拍（警察）巡逻路线e.g. a drumbeat鼓点声a heartbeat心跳声(3) adj.非常疲乏的e.g. Im dead beat after going through all this mass of details of the case!我看完这一大堆这个案件的所有细节后简直快累死了!12) At first, they were being nice.At first, they were only polite, but not really enthusiastic.The progressive tenses of be are used to express temporary activity or behavior at the moment of speaking but not about states of mind or feelings.e.g. You were being stupid. You were behaving stupidly (although you normally didnt).你当时表现得很愚蠢。 Youre being very patient with me.你对我表现得很耐心。13）congratulate express pleasure at someones accomplishment or good fortune恭喜,道贺,向致祝词/祝贺/道贺（on）; 庆幸（自己）congratulate oneself on (doing) sth.consider oneself fortunate or feel pride for (doing) sht.e.g. I congratulated my friend on her birthday.我向女友祝贺生日。Let me congratulate you on the birth of your daughter.我祝贺你喜获千金。You really should congratulate yourself on your appearance.你真该为自己的外表而庆幸。We congratulated him on having passed the examination.我们祝贺他通过了考核。He is to be congratulated for his success.他的成功是该受到庆贺的。14) with ease - without difficulty容易地，无困难地，熟练地，轻而易举地e.g. Her friends broke into cheers (爆发出一片欢呼声)when the first-year girl won all the running races with ease.The little (矮小的) man can lift a hundred kilograms with great ease.15）The name stuck.- People have since called him by this name.这个新名字流传了下来。(stick p.t. & p.p. stuck)stick (1) stick vt. (stuck, sticking) （常与in, into, through连用）（把尖 物）插入，刺入，戳入; （与in, into, on连用）粘住；贴住; 附着；固着; 放，置; 忍受，容忍;（与at连用）继续努力做e.g to stick a fork into a potato用叉子叉上马铃薯I stuck a needle into the cloth.我把一根针扎进布里。I stuck a stamp on the letter.我把一张邮票贴在信上。The wheels of the car stuck in the mud and we could not go on.车轮陷入泥里，我们不能前进了。Stick the chair in the corner.将椅子置于墙角。习惯用语：stick in ones throat难以接受；难以启齿knock sb. to sticks俚大大胜过某人; 把某人打得一败涂地big stick美大棒(政策); 实力政策; 美俚救火梯big sticks美俚森林cancer stick香烟(因吸烟易患癌症, 故名)cut (ones) stick俚连忙逃走get stuck in俚全神贯注吃饭或工作; 使劲干give sb. the stick用棒惩罚某人(2) n. 柴枝，小树枝, 手杖，拐杖, 棒子，棒状物; 枯燥乏味的人; (pl) 穷乡僻壤；偏远的乡村棒子e.g. We made the fire out of dry sticks.我们用干柴枝来生火。The old man walked leaning on a stick.老人拄着拐杖走路。cocktail stick取食签get the wrong end of the stick 误解16）hit/smash/smash hit-a great success of a new play, film, book, etc. 成功的表演, （戏剧、电影、书籍等）极大的成功 ,轰动/风行/风靡一时e.g. That song was a hit last year.那首歌是去年风行一时的歌曲。The song was a hit at once and its recording tape rose to No.1 on the bestseller list.这首歌曲立刻风靡一时,它的录音带跃登畅销带榜首。The concert was quite a hit in Chicago.这场音乐会在芝加哥曾轰动一时。附：l hit 的全部含义：n. 一击；打击；碰撞；击中; 成功的表演e.g. The arrow scored a hit.箭命中了红心。a hit at sb.对某人的讽刺Thats a clever hit.这是一句巧妙的俏皮话。vt., vi. (hit, hitting)打,击; 碰撞，使碰撞; 找到,到达,走上; 受影响e.g. He hit me with his hand.他用手打了我。The boy hit the other boy and was naturally punished by the headmaster.这男孩打了另一个男孩,理所当然地受到校长的处罚。In old schools the headmaster could hit the boys with a cane for fighting in school.旧学校里如果学生在学校打架,校长可以用藤条抽打他们。He hit the ball with the bat.他用球拍击球。The falling tree hit a car.倒下的树砸着了小汽车。The baby hit his forehead against the corner of a desk and began to cry.孩子的额角在书桌的角上碰了一下,于是大哭起来。She hit her head on the table.她的头在桌上碰了一下。The ship hit heavy fog on its voyage.船在航行时碰上了大雾。We hit the main road here.我们找到了这里的大路。The arrival of the national football team hit the headlines in the local press.国家足球队的到来成为当地报纸的头条新闻。We hit the main road two kilometres further on.我们又走了两公里才到达大路上。We were all hit by the depression.我们都受到了不景气的影响。Price increases hit everyones pocket.物价上涨冲击了每个人的钱袋。Strike waves hit several Western European countries.罢工的浪潮袭击了好几个西欧国家。l smash 的全部含义：n.打碎, 粉碎; 重击,猛拍;（戏剧、电影、书籍等）极大的成功 (= smash hit)adj.出色的vt., vi.（常与up连用）打碎, 捣碎，摔碎；（常与into, through连用）碰撞，猛冲，撞击，投掷; （与in连用）破碎，粉碎，使粉碎;（网球等）扣球，杀球; vt.使用(假钱)e.g. Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.虽然床摔碎了,人却奇迹般地没有受伤。17) winningn.胜利, 获得, 成功, 赢得物; (pl)（获胜所得的）奖金, 奖品; 【矿】开采; 备采煤区adj.得胜的, 胜利的, 得奖的; 迷人的，吸引人的,动人的e.g. Jean was really lucky that she picked a winning number on the first draw.简真是幸运之极,她第一次便抽到一个中奖号码。The chair of the Students Union with her winning (meaning “persuasive”) ways will be able to solve the dispute.The crowd cheered the winning team.The child actress had a winning (meaning “attractive”) smile that was very impressive.clay winning粘土采掘electrolytic(adj.电解的, 由电解产生的) winning电解冶金法, 电解提炼, 电解开采,winning post(赛马场的)决胜终点winningly adv.可爱地winningness n.18) formulan. (-las 或 lae)公式,配方，分子式;定则, 原则,方案adj.（赛车的）级的，方程式的; 根据公式的, 俗套的e.g. a legal formula法律上的惯用语句The chemical formula for water is H2O.水的化学分子式是H2O。the secret formula for a new rocket fuel新火箭燃料的秘密配方Drinking and driving is a formula for trouble.酒后开车是引起事故的不变法则。The employers and the union leaders have agreed an acceptable formula for wages.雇主和工会领袖已就工资问题达成了一个可行方案。They proposed a third formula for the new swimming pool.他们为新游泳池提出了第