【翻译】2炙热考点【课堂笔记】.doc

翻译炙热考点英语汉语1用词多变异&$#&*$2表述多抽象表述多具体3句子多被动句子多主动4句子多糅合句子多分解5句子重逻辑句子重语义6倒装7省略 一 从多变到一致以语境为媒介！1. 英汉词汇均多义义由境生So it is a bit confusing when Vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, Whats the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?2. 英语用词多替换互文现义（近义词、指代关系）We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.The monkeys most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, it had learned to solo on the vehicle.There will be television shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.3. 【真题范例】Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 2003-61-36而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence 2010-46-31科学家赶快用明显站不住脚的证据来救驾he believes that this very difficulty2008-46-32Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness2008-50-33二 从抽象到具体1. 名词转换为动词词组或分句Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst.Even an elementary knowledge of statistics is sufficient to enable the journalist to avoid misleading his readers.2. 动词加入适当的宾语或转义（状语）There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.3. 【真题范例】This seems 这种观点看似a justification for neglect of those in need, justjustify justification在证明忽视那些经济拮据的人是正确的and a rationalization of exploitation, of 剥削the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. Rationalrationalize也在证明剥削、社会上层的优越感及社会底层的自卑感是合理的。2011-48-31三 从被动到主动Mary was kissed by John.1. 若by后为动作发出者，以其为主语，将句子主动化翻译；What measures have been or are being adopted by the government to reduce air pollution?2. 将“被”转换为“得到”“受到”“遭到”或“由”；The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.The Apollo XII crew reported that their spaceship was being followed by two UFOs.This conference is presided over by me. 3. 可以加入虚拟主语（人们、我们）或逻辑主语（推导），将句子主动化翻译；The area has been marked out for building more hotels.Interest in historic method has arisen.This research was conducted 300 years ago.In this research, the metal should be heated to about 3000 C.4. 可以将被动句灵活转换为判断句或祈使句（情态动词）My first forty years were spent in Southern Europe.New sources of power must be found,This problem must be solved. and this will take time, but it is not likely to .5. 被动结构It should be realized that It may be said without fear of exaggeration that .It cannot be denied that不可否认It has been illustrated that据说明；据图示；图中表示It has been proved that已经证明It is(usually) considered that据(通常)估计；人们(通常)认为It is assumed that假定It is believed that大家相信It is alleged that据称It is demonstrated that已经证明，文中(图中)表明It is estimated that据估计It is expected that人们希望It is found that据发现；人们认为It is generally agreed/recognized that.人们通常认为/承认It is hoped/still to be hoped that(我们)希望/仍希望It is mentioned that据说It is noticed/noted that人们注意到/前面已经指出It is proposed that有人提议(指出)It is recommended that有人推荐It is regarded that人们认为It is reported that据报道It is said that据说It is stressed that人们强调说It is supposed that据推测；假定It is thought that有人认为It is universally accepted that普遍认为It is well known that众所周知It is well known that必须承认It should be pointed out that必须指出It will be seen from it that由此可见6. 【真题范例】And it is imagined by many that the operation-processes of the common mind can by no means be compared with scientists operation-processes, and they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。【返回】四 从糅合到分解欣赏：【英】The last few days has found me very restless. This evening as I sat in the yard to enjoy the cool, it struck me how different the lotus pool I pass every day must look under a full moon.杨宪益【汉】这几天心里颇不宁静。今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘，在这满月的光里，总该另有一番样子吧。名词性从句：主语、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句形容词从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句（时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较）1. 同位语从句That1. 跟随在抽象名词后，详解抽象名词信息；2. That从句不缺失某个名词。WhetherWe are caught in a dilemma, whether should view as a blessing or curse.可前：“同位语”， 这。可后：，即“同位语”。that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen有人认为记者必须比普通人更加深刻的理解法律，但是这种观点源自对既定惯例及媒体特殊责任的理解。但是有一种观点源自对既定惯例及媒体特殊责任的理解，即记者必须比普通人更加深刻的理解法律。But the idea rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.2007-48-33 但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更为深刻的理解法律，这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的即定惯例和特殊职责的理解2. 定语从句1. n. + which/that/whoI purchased a house that is surrounded by a river.2. n. +prep. +whichI purchased a house behind which locates a well.3. n. + where / when I purchased a house where I married my first wife.I will never forget the day when I kissed Hilary for the first time.4. , which / as As is known to all, everything has two sides.Everything has two sides, which is known to all.A. 与主句相比，若从句简短，“的”；B. 与主句相比，若从句冗长，“另起语句”；C. 若主句空洞，无论从句长短，“的”；D. 若主从之间蕴含某种逻辑关系，体现这种关系。In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-midia groups have been increasingly successful groups 在欧洲，就像其他地方一样，传媒集团的经营越来越成功，将有业务往来的电视、广播、报纸及出版业整合在一起。which bring together television, radio, newspapers and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. 2005-47-34在欧洲，就像其他地方一样，传媒集团越来越成功，这些集团将业务彼此相关的电视、广播、报纸及出版社组合在一起。Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed 2005-46-34电视是引发和传递这些情感的手段之一We now live in a very new economy, a service economy, where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.附录现在我们正生活于一种全新的经济，即服务性经济中，各种关系越来越比物质产品更为重要。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized languages could be how diverse.2004-61-35希腊人认为, 语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。3. 让步状语从句a. While,.Although, As , .b. Young as he is, he has already 7 wives.While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.06-48 07-50 08-48 09-4811-47【返回】五 从逻辑到语义The time for sharpening pencils, arranging desks, rather than writing has ended.1. 正义反译；反义正译You have lived up to the public expectation.动词：fail, miss, live up to, ignore, over-look, excludeEscape ones attention名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, 形容：be far from双否：nobut.There is no man but have fault.He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”他谦虚的补充道，有可能自己“在注意到容易被人忽视的事物并对其仔细观察这两个方面优于常人。”2008-49I cannot do it.I cannot afford to do it.Be superior to Have the superiority over .Be inferior to A is preferable to B.A is senior to B.A is junior to B.2. 特殊结构选择关系多少关系more A than B; less B than A; not so much B as/but A完全否定no more A than B, not A any more than Bno A anymore than B.否定递进much less, still less, to say nothing of, not to speak of, not to mention, let alone区分形近词Nothing but（else than）Anything but（else than）Mr. Fu is nothing but (only) a hooligan.Mr. Fu is anything but (except) a hooligan.It was a curious exchange, less a debate than a quarrel between two aggressive men, each of whom determined to impress the audience as more peaceful than the other.这是一次奇妙的交谈，与其说是两个好斗的人之间的一场辩论，还不如说是一次吵嘴，双方都竭力想使听众觉得自己比对方更爱和平。There is no reason anyone should limit how many hours you spend on study every day, any more than they can limit how much physical exercise you do. He knows little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry.The young mans failure in the NETEM is nothing else than his laziness.His failure was due to nothing else than his own carelessness.【返回】六 从倒装到顺畅1. 语法倒装部分倒装：a. Only 强调状语开头, b. 否定意义的状语开头完全倒装：1. 状语开头；2. 谓语：“移动”或“处所”；3. 主语不是代词。Under the amusing appearance of the cartoon lies a truth that .Only gradually the by-product of the institution was noted, and only more gradually still this effect was considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.MisconductMisdeedDelinquency2009-47-32人们只是逐渐的才注意到机构这一副产品，而人们把这一作用视为机构运作的知道因素的过程则更为缓慢。and perhaps never before it has served so much to connect diffe