中考英语语法讲解资料及练 第14讲宾语从句.doc

中考英语语法讲解资料及练习第14讲：宾语从句 一个句子如果加上宾语从句，句子显然变复杂了，也变的difficult了，其实，你大可不必发愁。只要掌握好宾语从句的用法，一切问题就迎刃而解了。 宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同，可把宾语从句分为三类。 以that引导的宾语从句。 如：I hear that you have passed the examination. Good luck! 以if 和whether引导的宾语从句。 如：I dont know if you can come tomorrow. 以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 如：Please tell me how you can get here. 运用宾语从句要注意以下几点：宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。主句的谓语动词的时态如果是过去时态，宾语从句谓语动词的时态要选用相应的过去某一种形式。 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理，事实时，即使主句是过去式，从句仍用一般现在时。 练习： 1. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 2. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B. where C. what D. when 3. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell you. A. if, whether B. whether, whether C. if, That D. if, If 4. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. where is in their stockings C. where is their stocking in D. what in their stockings 5. Can you tell me _? A. when does the ship leave B. when the ship will leave C. when the ship leave D. when will the ship leave 6. Can you tell me _? A. when did he come B. when he came C. when did he came D. he came when 7. Can you tell me _ the radio ? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 8. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen 9. I didnt know what colour_. A. is the bag B.the bag is C. was the bag D. the bag was 10. Could you tell me _ with the money? A. how to do B. what should I do C. how should I do D. what I should do 实践： 1.We are _ going to the factory and work there. A. briefly B. lately C. recently D. shortly 2.For most students, their teachers advice is more important than _ of their parents. A. one B. what C. which D. that 3.They talked in a low voice _ be heard by others. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. so as to 4.Not until this evening _ that the meeting had been put off. A. I did know B. did I know C. I knew D. I have known 5.We are looking forward to seeing you again,and well be very disappointed if you _. A. didnt come B. havent come C. wont come D.dont come 6.If I _ there earlier, I _ him. A. had arrived ,would have met B. have arrived, would have C. arrived, have met D. arrived, had met 7.Lily is said _ for London last month. A. to have left B. to leave C. to be leaving D. to be left 8.Life on earth _ impossible unless we stop destroying the forest and poisoning the oceans. A. was B. has been C. will have been D. will be 9.The twins will go fishing with us this weekend _ they are free. A. though B. if C. whether D. but 10. -_ we go at 8:00? -What about _ it a little earlier? A. Shall, making B. Shall, to make C. Will, making D. Will, make 11.New York is bigger than _ in the United States. A. any other city B. any cities C. any city D. other cities 12.Her mother _ for more than three years. A. has died B. had died C. is dead D. has been dead 13.All the guests _ got to the classroom on time. A. invited B. being invited C. inviting D. to be invited 14.At twelve that night we arrived in the village _ we once lived. A. what B. which C. where D. that 15.He ran from house to house, _ people the good news. A. told B. telling C. tell D. to tell在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句，它内容完整，句型结构较为复杂，主句和从句时态搭配要求严格，在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。学习宾语从句并不难，只要你能过好下面的三道关：第一关，选好连接词（也有人叫关联词）。引导宾语从句的连接词，课本上写有三类，但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。1连词that：只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如：1）Heknew（that）heshouldworkhard2）Iamglad（that）youvepassedtheexam2连词whether或if：它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口语中多用if。例如：3）Doyouknowwhetherhewillridehereat8tomorrowmorning？（注：2002上海市徐汇区中考试题填上答案后的句子。以下再有这种例句，都为2002年中考题，只写某地。）4）Tomdidntknowifwhetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大，同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如：5）HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming他问我是否要来。（该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用。）3连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which：它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有其自己的意义。例如：6）Theteacheraskedthenewstudentwhichclasshewasin？（武汉市）（which引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰class，意为“哪个”。）7）Canyoutellmewhomheiswaitingfor？（天津市）4连接副词when，where，why，how：起连接作用，分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，各有其自己的意义。例如：8）Iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。（where在从句中作地点状语，修饰got，意为“哪里；什么地方”。）9）Hedidnttellmehowoldhisfriendwas（四川省）（how引导宾语从句，作程度状语，修饰old，意为“怎样；如何”等意。）第二关，牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即“连接词主语谓语其他”。这里特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序，不是疑问句的倒装语序。例如：10）Youmustrememberwhatyourteachersaid（河南省）11）Dad，doyouknowwhenthefootballgamewillstart？Inhalfanhour（宁波市）12）汉译英：你能不能告诉我，我们去看望谁？误：Canyoutellmewho（m）dowehavetosee？正：Canyoutellmewho（m）wehavetosee？错句的错误出在宾语从句中误用了疑问句的结构主语前加了个助动词do。因为我们已经习惯了特殊疑问句，如WhattimedoestheplanearriveinParis？就顺口说出“DoyouknowwhattimedoestheplanearriveinParis？”这种错误句子来。但是一旦我们注意了，我们不久就习惯于说“DoyouknowwhattimetheplanearrivesinParis？”了。第三关，注意时态的呼应。宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。例如：13）汉译英：我原以为你今天有空的。误：Ithought（that）youarefreetoday正：Ithought（that）youwouldbefreetoday错句中宾语从句用are很可能是因为有today，但因为主句谓语是thought，所以从句谓语就该用过去将来时wouldbe了。这种时态的呼应，如果主句谓语是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语时态不受限制，如上述例句2），3），7），8），10），11），12）。如果主句时态是过去时，宾语从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等）。例如：14）Hethoughthewasworkingforthepeople15）IheardshehadbeentotheGreatWall16）Johnhopedthathewouldfindajobsoon但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则不变化：17）Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun核心知识巩固与检测请做下列2002年中考题：1Inthebookshop，areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook（北京市东城区）AthatBhowCwhatDif2Idontknow_MrGreenwillcometoseeusHewillhelpuswithourEnglish（杭州市）AwhyBwhenChowDwhere3Weneverknow_theoldmanisTheysayheisateacher（鄂州市）AwhatBwhoCwhichDwhere4Iwastold_BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers（重庆市）AthathowBhowthatCwhenthatDthatwhen5Doyouknow_？ImgoingtoseehimSorry，Idontknow（北京市海淀区）AwheredoesMrLiliveBwheredidMrLiliveCwhereMrLilivesDwhereMrLilived6Wheredoyouthink_he_thecomputer？Sorry，Ihavenoidea（南京市）A；boughtBhas；boughtCdid；buyDdoes；buy7IdontfeelverywellMumaskedme_thismorning（重庆市）AwhatthematterisBwhatiswrongCwhatthematterwasDwhatwrongwas8WhereisJack？HeisawaytospendhisholidayHesgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan，butImnotsure_（南昌市）AthatBwhichCwhereDthere典型例题Key:宾语从句与中考试题14DAAD58CACC宾语从句是目前初三学生正在学习的语法内容，也是初中英语的语法重点与难点。由于宾语从句是由陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句等转换而来，而且时态亦要发生变化，所以不少学生在实际运用中容易发生一些错误。现将宾语从句简单归纳如下： 宾语从句与其他名词性从句一样，也有三种类型： 1由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词that常可被省略。例如：I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy. Cant you see (that) Im a bird?注意：1）当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：I dont think he will come.我认为他不会来。2）两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否（有，能，已经）”等一般疑问句的含义。例如：I wonder whether (if) he lives here.The teacher asked whether (if) they were getting ready for the English Evening.如果要强调“究竟还是不”，常用连词whether引导宾语从句，后面再加or not或直接在whether后加or not。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：Id be interested to know whether he will see the film“House of Flying Daggers”or not.=Id be interested to know whether or no the will see the film“House of Flying Daggers”. 3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表示“谁，谁的，什么，哪（个，些），何时，何地，怎样，为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序。例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother.Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was. 宾语从句的时态呼应：1）当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。2）主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。3）情态动词must一般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。做宾语从句练习要记住“一连词，二语序，三时态”。宾语从句一、定义： 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句可以用连词that，连接代词who，whom，what，which；连接副词 how，when，where以及if和whether引起。连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中作一相应的句子成分，if或whether表示疑问，而that没有意义仅起连接作用。二、宾语从句的分类：1 1 作动词的宾语从句：如：Everyone knows that he is a good student.He wondered how the pyramids were built.2 2 作介词宾语：如：This depends on how hard you work.Is there anything wrong in what I said?3 3 作形容词的宾语：如：They are confident that they can do the job well.I am not certain whether the train will arrive on time.三：使用宾语从句要注意的问题：1 1 宾语从句引导词that的省略：在非正式场合下，that在引导宾语从句时，可以省略。如：I think (that) you are right.2 2 形式宾语it：如果宾语从句后面跟有补语，要用形式宾语it来代替，而将从句放到补语的后面去。如：He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1901. 3宾语从句的时态呼应：如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态要按照时态呼应规则进行相应的调整。但是若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或自然观念，其谓语时态仍用一般现在时。如：He said that he had left his umbrella in the library. The teacher told the students that the Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.4 4 宾语从句否定意义的转移：在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词所根的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句宾语变为肯定形式。如：I dont think he has time to play chess with you.I dont suppose it is the rush hour yet.5一些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气：一般说来，在一些表示坚持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand) 等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should +动词原形”（其中的should在美国英语中常省略，但是引导从句的that通常不省略）：如：She suggested that we (should) leave earlyHe ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane 6whether 与 if 引导介词宾语从句时，只能用 whether，不用if；与“or not”连用时，一般用whether，不用if。 如：I am interested in whether hell go abroad We dont know whether he will come or not 7宾语从句的语序 连接词后面为陈述语序。 如：I dont know what your name is. 8直接引语变为间接引语 间接引语的使用应注意选择合适的动词。陈述用saytell，疑问用askwonder，而祈使用 tellorder，建议用advisesuggest。注意这些动词后面的结构和语气。 如：“Could you get some tea for me？” MrBlake said to his wife Mr. Blake asked his wife whether she could get some tea for him. “Shall we go dancing tonight？”John said John suggest