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2006TEXT4 2011/6/14Many things make people think that artists are weird. 许多东西使人们认为 艺术家 是荒诞的许多原因使得人们认为艺术家是荒诞的weird ADJ oft it v-link ADJ to-inf/-ing If you describe something or someone as weird, you mean that they are strange. (INFORMAL) Hes different. Hes weird. Drugs can make you do all kinds of weird things. It must be really weird to be rich. 很多事情使人们认为艺术家是怪人形容词的名词化But the weirdest may be this: artistsonly job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad但是最荒诞的可能是： 艺术家的仅有的工作是 探索情感， 并且他们选择集中于这些东西 他们感到不好的但是最荒诞的事情可能是：艺术家仅有的工作就是探索情感，并且他们选择集中于不好的情感上 yet 1ADV usu with brd-neg, ADV with v, ADV group You use yet in negative statements to indicate that something has not happened up to the present time, although it probably will happen. You can also use yet in questions to ask if something has happened up to the present time. In British English the simple past tense is not normally used with this meaning of yet. They havent finished yet. No decision has yet been made. She hasnt yet set a date for her marriage. Has the murderer been caught?Not yet. Have you met my husband yet?. Hammer-throwing for women is not yet a major event. 2 ADV usu with brd-neg, ADV with v, ADV group You use yet with a negative statement when you are talking about the past, to report something that was not the case then, although it became the case later. There was so much that Sam didnt know yet. He had asked around and learned that Billy was not yet here. 3 ADV with brd-neg, ADV with v If you say that something should not or cannot be done yet, you mean that it should not or cannot be done now, although it will have to be done at a later time. Dont get up yet. The hostages cannot go home just yet. We should not yet abandon this option for the disposal of highly radioactive waste. 4 ADV n ADV, ADV adv/-ed, ADV after superl You use yet after a superlative to indicate, for example, that something is the worst or the best of its kind up to the present time. This is the BBCs worst idea yet. Her latest novel is her best yet. .one of the toughest warnings yet delivered. 5 ADV ADV before v You can use yet to say that there is still a possibility that something will happen. A negotiated settlement might yet be possible. = still 6 ADV n ADV You can use yet after expressions which refer to a period of time, when you want to say how much longer a situation will continue for. Unemployment will go on rising for some time yet. Nothing will happen for a few years yet. Theyll be ages yet. 7 ADV ADV to-inf If you say that you have yet to do something, you mean that you have never done it, especially when this is surprising or bad. She has yet to spend a Christmas with her husband. He has been nominated three times for the Oscar but has yet to win. 8 CONJ You can use yet to introduce a fact which is rather surprising after the previous fact you have just mentioned. I dont eat much, yet I am a size 16. It is completely waterproof, yet light and comfortable. = but 9 ADV ADV with adj/n/adv, usu ADV with compar emphasis You can use yet to emphasize a word, especially when you are saying that something is surprising because it is more extreme than previous things of its kind, or a further case of them. I saw yet another doctor. They would criticize me, or worse yet, pay me no attention. It is plain to see we will not have anything to eat yet again. 10 PHRASE PHR with cl You use as yet with negative statements to describe a situation that has existed up until the present time. (FORMAL) As yet it is not known whether the crash was the result of an accident. 而最怪异的可能是：艺术家唯一的工作就是探索情感，但他们却将焦点投向负面的情感This wasnt always so并不永远是这样的情况并不总是如此The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy.最早的艺术形式， 比如绘画和音乐， 是最适合表达喜悦正如绘画和音乐等最早的艺术形式 都是最适合表达喜悦的我猜测：主谓宾形式：The earliest forms of art主语；谓语：are；宾语：those；后置定语中those 最早的艺术形式，如绘画和音乐，是最适合表达欢乐的But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring , as we went from wordsworths daffodils to baudelaires flowers of evil 宾补但是在某种程度上， 从19世纪以后，更多的艺术家开始把幸福看作是无意义的，甚至厌烦，正如我们从 到 的作品一样但是从19世纪以后，在某种程度上，更多的艺术家开始把幸福看做是无意义的，甚至是令人厌烦的，正如我们从 的作品到 的作品看到的一样more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or , boring主语 谓语 宾语 补语worst of allBut somewhere from the 19th century onward 时间状语 插入语 时间状语从句as we went from wordsworths daffodils to baudelaires flowers引导词 主谓 介词短语作状语 of evil some|where 1ADV ADV after v, ADV with be, oft ADV cl/group, from ADV You use somewhere to refer to a place without saying exactly where you mean. Ive got a feeling Ive seen him before somewhere. Im not going home yet. I have to go somewhere else first. Perhaps we can talk somewhere privately, said Kesler. Somewhere in Ians room were some of the letters that she had sent him. I needed somewhere to live in London. 2 ADV ADV prep You use somewhere when giving an approximate amount, number, or time. Caray is somewhere between 73 and 80 years of age. The W.H.O. safety standard for ozone levels is somewhere about a hundred. 3 PHRASE V inflects If you say that you are getting somewhere, you mean that you are making progress towards achieving something. At last they were agreeing, at last they were getting somewhere. 注意时间状语的位置，以及somewhere 在特定位置的翻译但是从19世纪的某个时候开始，当我们从花儿华丝的水仙花转向波德莱尔的恶之花时，越来越多的艺术家开始把快乐看做似乎毫无意义的、虚伪的甚至是令人厌倦的东西You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery.你可能会争论说，艺术变得更加怀疑幸福，因为现代我们看到了太多的不幸你可能会说，由于现代社会我们看到了太多的不幸，艺术变得越来越怀疑幸福mis|ery 1N-VAR Misery is great unhappiness. All that money brought nothing but sadness and misery and tragedy. .the miseries of his youth. 2 N-UNCOUNT Misery is the way of life and unpleasant living conditions of people who are very poor. A tiny, educated elite profited from the misery of their two million fellow countrymen. 3 PHRASE V and life inflect If someone makes your life a misery, they behave in an unpleasant way towards you over a period of time and make you very unhappy. .the gangs of kids who make our lives a misery. 4 PHRASE V inflects If you put someone out of their misery, you tell them something that they are very anxious to know. (INFORMAL) Please put me out of my misery. How do you do it? 5 PHRASE V inflects If you put an animal out of its misery, you kill it because it is sick or injured and cannot be cured or healed. = put down see 1VERB no cont, V n, V n -ing, V, V that, V wh When you see something, you notice it using your eyes. You cant see colours at night. I saw a man making his way towards me. She can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste. As he neared the farm, he saw that a police car was parked outside it. Did you see what happened? 2 VERB V n, V n If you see someone, you visit them or meet them. Mick wants to see you in his office right away. You need to see a doctor. 3 VERB no cont, V n, V n If you see an entertainment such as a play, film, concert, or sports game, you watch it. He had been to see a Semi-Final of the FA Cup. It was one of the most amazing films Ive ever seen. = watch 4 VERB no cont, V that, V wh, V n -ing, V, be V-ed to-inf If you see that something is true or exists, you realize by observing it that it is true or exists. I could see she was lonely. .a lot of people saw what was happening but did nothing about it. You see young people going to school inadequately dressed for the weather. My taste has changed a bit over the years as you can see. The army must be seen to be taking firm action. 5 VERB no cont, no passive, V wh, V n, V that If you see what someone means or see why something happened, you understand what they mean or understand why it happened. Oh, I see what youre saying. I really dont see any reason for changing it. Now I see that I was wrong. = understand 6 VERB V n as n/-ing, V it as n, V it as n to-inf, V it, be V-ed to-inf If you see someone or something as a certain thing, you have the opinion that they are that thing. She saw him as a visionary, but her father saw him as a man who couldnt make a living. Others saw it as a betrayal. I dont see it as my duty to take sides. As I see it, Llewelyn has three choices open to him. Women are sometimes seen to be less effective as managers. 7 VERB no cont, no passive, V n in n, V in n n If you see a particular quality in someone, you believe they have that quality. If you ask what someone sees in a particular person or thing, you want to know what they find attractive about that person or thing. Frankly, I dont know what Paul sees in her. Young and old saw in him an implacable opponent of apartheid. 8 VERB no cont, V n -ing, V n If you see something happening in the future, you imagine it, or predict that it will happen. A good idea, but can you see Taylor trying it?. We can see a day where all people live side by side. = imagine 9 VERB no passive, V n, V n inf, V n -ed If a period of time or a person sees a particular change or event, it takes place during that period of time or while that person is alive. Yesterday saw the resignation of the acting Interior Minister. He had worked with the General for three years and was sorry to see him go. Mr Frank has seen the economy of his town slashed by the uprising. 10 VERB V wh, V wh You can use see in expressions to do with finding out information. For example, if you say Ill see whats happening, you mean that you intend to find out what is happening. Let me just see what the next song is. Shake him gently to see if he responds. 11 VERB V if, V wh You can use see to promise to try and help someone. For example, if you say Ill see if I can do it, you mean that you will try to do the thing concerned. Ill see if I can call her for you. Well see what we can do, miss. 12 VERB V that, V to it that If you see that something is done or if you see to it that it is done, you make sure that it is done. See that you take care of him. Catherine saw to it that the information went directly to Walter. 13 VERB V n prep/adv, V n prep/adv If you see someone to a particular place, you accompany them to make sure that they get there safely, or to show politeness. He didnt offer to see her to her car. Goodnight.Ill see you out. 14 VERB V amount of n If you see a lot of someone, you often meet each other or visit each other. We used to see quite a lot of his wife, Carolyn. 15 VERB V n If you are seeing someone, you spend time with them socially, and are having a romantic or sexual relationship. My husband was still seeing her and he was having an affair with her. 16 VERB V wh, V that Some writers use see in expressions such as we saw and as we have seen to refer to something that has already been explained or described. We saw in Chapter 16 how annual cash budgets are produced. Using the figures given above, it can be seen that machine A pays back the initial investment in two years. 17 VERB only imper, V n See is used in books to indicate to readers that they should look at another part of the book, or at another book, because more information is given there. See Chapter 7 below for further comments on the textile industry. 18 PHRASE CONJ SUBORD You can use seeing that or seeing as to introduce a reason for what you are saying. (mainly BRIT INFORMAL, SPOKEN) Seeing as Mr Moreton is a doctor, I would assume he has a modicum of intelligence. = since 19 CONVENTION formulae You can say I see to indicate that you understand what someone is telling you. (SPOKEN) He came home in my car.I see. 20 CONVENTION People say Ill see or Well see to indicate that they do not intend to make a decision immediately, and will decide later. Well see. Its a possibility. 21 CONVENTION People say let me see or lets see when they are trying to remember something, or are trying to find something. Lets see, theyre sixno, make that five hours ahead of us. Now let me see, whos the man we want? 22 PHRASE V inflects If you try to make someone see sense or see reason, you try to make them realize that they are wrong or are being stupid. He was hopeful that by sitting together they could both see sense and live as good neighbours. 23 CONVENTION You can say you see when you are explaining something to someone, to encourage them to listen and understand. (SPOKEN) Well, you see, you shouldnt really feel that way about it. 24 CONVENTION formulae See you, be seeing you, and see you later are ways of saying goodbye to someone when you expect to meet them again soon. (INFORMAL, SPOKEN) Talk to you later.All right. See you love. = bye 25 CONVENTION You can say Youll see to someone if they do not agree with you about what you think will happen in the future, and you believe that you will be proved right. The thrill wears off after a few years of marriage. Youll see. 26 to have seen better days: see day to be seen dead: see dead as far as the eye can see: see eye to see eye to eye: see eye as far as I can see: see far to see fit: see fit to see red: see red it remains to be seen: see remain wait and see: see wait你可能认为艺术对快乐产生越来越多的怀疑是因为现代社会经历了太多的痛苦，But its not as if earlier times didnt know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents.但是他并不是仿佛早期人们并不知道永远的战争，灾难和大屠杀但是早期的人们并不是不知道永远的战争、灾难和大屠杀从这句话可以理解翻译的汉语语义化但是并不是说以前的时代就没有经历过连年的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜通过此句理解翻译的时候要根据中文的说话习惯连年征战、滥杀无辜The reason, in fact ,may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today这个理由，事实上，可能正是相反：那有太多的幸福在这个世界上但实际上，理由可能正是相反：当今世界上有太多的幸福damn 1EXCLAM feelings Damn, damn it, and dammit are used by some people to express anger or impatience. (INFORMAL, RUDE) Dont be flippant, damn it! This is serious. 2 ADJ ADJ n emphasis Damn is used by some people to emphasize what they are saying. (INFORMAL, RUDE) Theres not a damn thing you can do about it now. ADV ADV adj/adv Damn is also an adverb. As it turned out, I was damn right. 3 VERB V n If you say that a person or a news report damns something such as a policy or action, you mean that they are very critical of it. .a sensational book in which she damns the ultra-right party. = slam 4 see also damned, damning 5 PHRASE V inflects emphasis If you say that someone does not give a damn about something, you are emphasizing that they do not care about it at all. (INFORMAL, RUDE) 6 PHRASE usu PHR n emphasis Some people say as near as damn it or as near as dammit to emphasize that what they have said is almost completely accurate, but not quite. (BRIT INFORMAL, RUDE) Its as near as damn it the same thing. 事实上，原因可能正好相反：如今的世界上有太多的快乐了。After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness?总之，现代的表达形式 什么 几乎完全的 描绘幸福？总之，现代的那种表达形式完全的致力于描述幸福？这句话补充完整应该是：What is the one modern form of expression that is almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness？the one modern form是一个短语，特指后面提到的Advertising，one这里是唯一的意思。1. 表示“尽管怎样，但还是”，可译为“终究”、“毕竟”（通常放在句末）。如： I was right after all. 毕竟是我对。 He tried for an hour and failed after all. 他试了一个钟头，终究还是失败了。 2. 表示“别忘了”（通常放在句首）。如： I know he hasnt finished the work but， after all， hes very busy. 我知道他还没做完工作，但别忘了他很忙。 注：不要将 after all 理解为“最后”、“终于”，而与finally 或at last 混淆。dedi|cate 1VERB V pron-refl to n/-ing, V n to n/-ing approval If you say that someone has dedicated themselves to something, you a