Earthquake.doc

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls. My name is Marshall, I am Intermediate level.Today, I would like to talk about Earthquake.As you remember, on March 11th, 2011, an earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale struck about 400km north-east of Tokyo. Officials say over 15,000 people are dead and about 9506 missing, but it is feared the final death toll will be much higher. Another, because of the big earthquake and nuclear leakage, more than 115,500 people has become the Displaced People.Earthquake is one of the most powerful natural forces on earth. Earthquakes can have a range of magnitudes with the strongest having devastating consequences for the areas where they are centered, nearby areas, and even some far away areas in the case of earthquake-generated tsunamis.Earthquakes may take place anywhere on the earths surface. During all earthquakes, the vibrations make the earths surface tremble, and even crack open. Houses fall, people are killed or injured and sometimes whole cities are destroyed.Can we do something to protect ourselves against earthquakes? Can we take precautionary measures? We can. Scientists have made investigation on earthquakes. They have made maps showing the earthquake belts. In areas along these belts, earthquakes are likely to occur. In these areas we can build special houses to resist earthquake shocks and protect ourselves.In the future, scientists will be able to predict exactly when and where earthquakes will take place. Then they will be able to tell people to take precautionary measures. Thus lives can he saved and damage can be lessened.Since earthquake may cause great destruction, we need to learn how to detect them quickly. Animals always give us warnings. For example, before an earthquake hens would not enter their cages; rats run out from their hiding places and much fearlessly throw houses; even normally quiet dogs bark in chorus all over town. Pigeons are especially noisy and fly in unusual patterns. And most noticeable in a chemical change in ground water can be seen before a quake. To prevent destruction of property, the architects design columns and horizontal beams of equal strength. Besides the efforts to improve building structures, people also should prepare their houses for the possibility of a great earthquake. It is advisable to check and reinforce their homes regularly. And remember to place heavy objects in low positions, attach cupboards and cabinets to walls, and the like. All these precautions can make a great difference in saving lives and preventing the loss of homes.How to Prevent the Destruction Caused by Earthquakes?The earthquake is really a frightening natural disaster. People are getting to know about it clearer and clearer. But how to prevent the destruction caused by earthquakes? When the earthquake happens, everything on the ground shakes so much that the buildings begin to fall down. If the level of the earthquake gets above 5, the earthquake will definitely cause a huge damage. So nowadays, people try to use more and more steel to strengthen the buildings to prevent the expecting destruction. Besides, people will have to make good preparations for the earthquake once it happens.So lets all make us armed when the earthquake comes some day.The direct disasters caused by earthquake are:The destruction of buildings and structures, such as houses collapsed, Bridges, DAMS break fall cracking, rails deformation, etc.Ground damage, such as ground fissures, collapse, water-jet emit sand, etc.Magnitude：大小，量级Crack:裂缝fissure：裂缝；裂沟The destruction of mountain etc natural objects, such as landslide, etc.Landslide：山崩Tsunamis, undersea earthquake generated huge waves driven ashore, causing the destruction of coastal areas.Tsunamis(海啸)coastal areas（沿海地区）Moreover, in some earthquake, and DeGuang burns zoonosis-borne phenomenon.Zoonosis：动物传染病Earthquake directly after disasters, trigger a secondary disasters. Sometimes, secondary disasters caused casualties and losses, is greater than direct disasters. Great kanto earthquake in Japan in 1932, directly by earthquake collapsed homes only 10,000 blocks, and when the earthquake fire is burned 700,000 arena.Casualties:伤亡，人员伤亡Great kanto earthquake:关东大地震arena：舞台竞技场The earthquake caused secondary disasters are mainly,The fire caused by earthquake fire control,fire control：火力控制By the dam burst or floods, landslides Congestion River caused,Congestion：拥挤，拥塞Poison gas leaking, by building or device destruction caused by,Device：装置The plague, the earthquake live environment caused serious damage. A completes the earthquake prediction.Before the earthquake there is bodeful. Now we know this omens are: groundwater, turn a variable muddy flowers, bubble, stale, The chicken &duck pig sheep run monkey; Mice flight, fish in water disorderly jump. This adumbrative crust will bend, fold the wrinkle fracture, is about to happen earthquake. Currently the world any country can accurately forecast the earthquake, Chinas earthquake prediction can say is a world leading status. Most of the earthquake prediction that can point to an area in a certain period of time is likely to earthquakes. In 1976, before the Tangshan earthquake, Liaoning province HaiCheng area has happened above cet 6 earthquake, many times before imminent, the government urged the indoor all placed in earthquake tents, and repeatedly proclaiming know only, the result earthquake casualties reduced to the minimum. Therefore, the key to prevent earthquake prediction timely, preparation, and grasp the earthquake rescue knowledge.Plague：瘟疫；灾祸；麻烦bodeful：不祥的；预兆的；omens:预兆，征兆；muddy：泥stale：陈腐的Flight:迁移disorderly:混乱的，无秩序的adumbrative:暗示的，预示的crust：外壳fracture：破裂，断裂Wrinkle：褶皱be about to：即将，刚要，正打算imminent：即将来临的，迫近的urged：催促Tent：帐篷proclaiming：公告Two, make family shockproof plan.Shockproof：防震的In the event of an earthquake, it is possible to make our power supply, water supply, heat supply system, traffic system, the necessities of life supply system, information system, and medical health system was a certain degree of damage, affect peoples normal life, so, we should set up a family shockproof plan.health system:医疗体系a certain degree：到某种程度First to eliminate indoor high content, the cabinet, and suspension gallows vertically items, change its put the position and the way to make the difficult seismic fall hurt. At the same time to remove all flammable and explosive substances. The bed should move to some place far away from the window. The window labeled anti-fog shatterproof strip. Shockproof appliance bag easily grab place. For out of danger. You may only grab an item of time, urgent things in it, it will help you overcome difficulties. These items include cash, drinking water, prevent flu and diarrhea medicines.Suspension：悬浮；暂停；gallows：承梁vertically：垂直地Seismic：地震的flammable：易燃的，易爆的substance：物质Shatterproof:防碎的；抗震的diarrhea：腹泻，痢疾Three, schools should be done before the earthquake preparation.In schools should popularize shockproof knowledge, the earthquake training school should have shock-proof scheme, and if taking lessons earthquake when, the teacher should immediately give students a simple instructions, lets the student in situ shutting fell on the desk. A region, in a certain period of time could during an earthquake. Family and school often should communicate. Earthquake conditional school should be prepared relief items, such as: emergency medical supplies, cold-resistant rainproof supplies, tools, and according to class or classroom distribution, until the individual hand.Popularize：普及，使通俗化in situ：在原地relief：减轻，解除；安慰If an earthquake happened, how to protect myself?Once the earthquake happened, if in the outside, must not near the building, chimney, such as any poles could collapse of tall buildings or trees, leaving the overpass Bridges, roads, to open field is more secure. Earthquakes are caused by population casualties though the scourge, but also is not prevented. If can seize the opportunity, using shockproof knowledge can preserve their like earthquake happened before observed birds, animals, abnormal restless, When the earthquake happened squat down below the