key-jyss2012-07在职研究生英二模拟.doc

答案： 2012在职英语专业教育硕士-英语II 复习材料7Section I Use of English (20 min. 10%)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name(人们不敢说，不知由来). But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases 4 previously thought to have a bacterial细菌引起的cause were actually infections感染, which aroused much controversy争论 when it was first suggested.Even he, however, might tremble 震颤at the 5 of _6_ he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about引起. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and （这组人）have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as同时the 12 of their elites精华精英, including several world-renowned名望 scientists, 13 they also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty恶劣genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously 14 unrelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation离析. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures进化压力 that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1.A selectedB preparedsb/sth forC obliged迫使D pleased2.A uniqueB particular独特C special专门的， 特殊的D rare稀有的人3.A of搭配, ofB withC inD against4.A being not B were notC not D not being5.A thought一想到B sight一看见C cost以的代价D risk冒着.的危险6.A whatB howC whenD where7.A advisesB suggestsC protests声明反对意见D objects反对8.A progress进行中B factC need在危难中D question被讨论的9.A attaining获得B scoring得分C reachingD calculating10.A normal标准的B commonC mean平均的D total11.A unconsciously B disproportionately不成比例地，太大或太小;（想不到这么大） C indefinitely不定地 D unaccountably不可解释地12.A missions使团，使命 B fortunesC interestsD careers历程，生涯13.A affirm证实B showingC whileD but14.A thoughtB beenC been thought D being thought15.A given upB got over让人明白C carried onD put down归因于16.A supervisedB supervising监督指导C valuedD valuing评价重视17.A developmentB originC consequenceD instrument18.A linked关联B integrated合为一体C woven交织在一起D combined结合19.A limited限制B subjected使经受C converted转变D directed指向20.A paradoxical似乎矛盾的 B incompatible不兼容的C inevitable不可避免的 D continuous Section II. Reading Comprehension (70min. 50%)Part A Read and choose A B C or DGiving Credit Where Credit Is Not Due应有的 在不该讲信用的地方讲信用The big identity-theft个人身份信息被盗 bust告破，半身像last week was just a taste of whats to come. Heres how to protect your good name. HERES THE SCARY 引起惊慌的THING about the identity-theft ring交易圈，团伙 that the feds 联邦调查局cracked破获粉碎 last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job监守自盗, according to court documents法庭公文诉讼文件. A lowly平庸的 help-desk求助台 worker at Teledata电信数据 Communications通讯, a software firm that helps banks access访问，取出（资料）使用 credit reports信用报告 online, allegedly被说，据说 stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop每一个（=population族群）. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick最佳决定选择 consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts账户 in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising. Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date迄今为止, is just a drop in the bit（bite的过去分词）刺穿的 bucket冰山一角. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked劫持，偷窃every year. Its one of crimes biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number-which can often be found on the Web-is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus伪造的line of credit信贷限额. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion万亿 annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue收入 to fraud欺诈行为, so theres little financial incentive刺激 for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands按照现在情况now, its up to you 你自己的事to protect your identity. The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists投机取巧者, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster（邓普斯特尔是其商标）一种运送垃圾的罐子 diving潜入俯冲（在垃圾中找）for those millions of pre-approved事先批准 credit-card mailings信件 that go out过时every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding撕碎your junk废弃物 mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony极度痛苦 later. But the most effective way to keep your identity clean不被盗窃 is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits(全套)工具: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading汤水过去 through voice-mail hell语音邮件炼狱 on their他们提供的 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnions website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive包罗万象-laying out state-by-state每个州的 prices, rights and tips提示 for consumers in easy-to-read fashion. If youre lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entitled授权 to one free report a year by law. Otherwise its going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round全年的 for about $70; thats $10 more than the going现行的 rate among thieves. If you think youre a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts 欺诈警报to be put on file 存档at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at /idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate愤怒的 creditors债权人 come knocking上门找茬. Just dont expect justice. That audacious胆大妄为 help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.1.What is the trend of credit-theft crime? P.2; L last ATightly suppressed.BMore frightening.CRapidly increasing.Dloosely controlled.2.The expression “inside job”(Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.Aa crime that is committed by a person working for the victimBa crime that should be punished severely Ca crime that does great harm to the victimDa crime that poses造成 a great threat to the society3.The creditors can protect their identity in the following way except _.Adestroying your junk mailBleaving your Social Security card at homeCvisiting the credit-report website regularlyDobtaining the free report from the government P5; L 1 (这只是某些地区的一种权利)4.Why is it easy to have credit-theft? P3; L3AMore people are using credit service.BThe application program is not safe enough.CCreditors usually disclose暴露 their identity.DCreditors are not careful about their identity.5.What is the best title of the text?AThe danger of credit-theft BThe loss of the creditorsCHow to protect your good nameDWhy the creditors lose their identityPart B choose from A-F to fit each gap. There is one extra choice.The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable不可避免的事 and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. （一切准备好了，开始写一稿。）1Be flexible非僵化. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad使仓促行事 you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. （大纲可以扩充，有新的就可以加到草稿中。）2Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise修改. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit追寻 of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.（要注重修改）3Your pages will be easier to keep track of跟得上，与一致 that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.（如反面有字，也会剪掉。）If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. （用计算机写作，修改起来就简单多了）4These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.（用打出的稿子修改容易）Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A & P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic沙文主义，盲目爱国 attitudes toward women. （举例子）5Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times - and then again - working to substantiate 证实and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt突变or confusing shifts. Awkward 笨拙的or wordy冗长的phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked戳捅，猛击 and prodded剥掉，刺 into shape使有条理.3 ATo make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper（为了修改方便，不要正反面用纸）BAfter you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. Its probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression. （最后总结段）4 C Its worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off 新出来a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as 像.一样容易读the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently谨慎地 store（电脑保存） their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems. （初看打出来的稿子）1 DIt makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative 尝试性的thesis, you can assemble收集 your notes and begin to flesh out 长出肉，填肉whatever outline you have made. （给提纲填肉）5 EAlthough this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammys decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengels crabbed执拗，难理解的response to the girls so that she could lead up to 带到the A & P “policy” he enforces坚持. （举例子）2 FBy using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers dont use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft .（你会发现一稿比提纲要点会丰富）Part C choose from A G to summarize each paragraph. There is an extra one.1Opinion polls民意测验 are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to say该说道说道了. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.2But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm常规? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive 复兴the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?3The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs上班分形式. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed颠倒，倒退. This seems a daunting吓人的 thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal 普遍employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.4Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving剥夺 them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries（小农自产自销） and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted长途来往，减轻 longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.5Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit福利 regulations规定still assume假定 this norm today, and restrict more flexible灵活有弹性 sharing of work roles between the sexes.6It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excludeda problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated受挫失意 at school and more retired people want to live active lives. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch转变 some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage勉强生活下去 without full-time jobs. 3 A . Employment should not be treated as the norm.B Teenagers are frustrated at school and become employed earlier.5 C. Women are much less employed now.1 D. Some efforts should be devoted to helping cope with the problem of unemployment.6 E. Teenagers are not hopeful for their future work.4 F. Development of factories and modern means of transportation contributes to the spread of employment2 G. Some fundamental questions about the future work are to be asked first.Part D Decide Yes, No, or Not Given. Homing pigeons信鸽 are placed in atraining program from about the time they are twenty-eight days of age. They are taught to enter the cage through a trap活板门and to exercise above and around the loft(鸽棚) , and gradually they are taken away for short distances in willow柳木 baskets and released. They are then expected to find their way home in the shortest possible time. In their training flights or in actual races, the birds are taken to prearranged distant points and released to find their way back to their own lofts. Once the birds are liberated, their owners, who are standing by at the home lofts, anxiously watch the sky for the return of their entries进入者，出赛者. Since time is of the essence, the speed with which the birds can be induced引诱 to enter the loft trap may make the difference between gaining a win or a second place. The head of a homing pigeon is comparatively small, but its brain is one quarter larger than that of the ordinary pigeon. The homing pigeon is very intelligent伶俐and will persevere坚持不懈 to the point of达到程度 stubbornness; some have been known to fly a hundred miles off course 离开航线to avoid a storm. Some homing pigeon experts claim that this bird is gifted天赋 with a form of built-in radar that helps it find its own loft after hours of flight, for hidden under the head feathers are two very sensitive ears, while the sharp机警的, prominent凸出的 eyes can see great distances in daytime. Why do homing pigeons fly home? They are not unique in this inherent skill; it is found in most migratory迁移的 birds, in bees, ants, toads蟾蜍, and even turtles乌龟, which have been known to travel hundreds of miles to return to their homes. But in the animal world, the homing pigeon alone can be trusted with its freedom大胆 and trained to carry out the missions that people demand.Yes No Not Given1CHoming pigeons enter their first race when they are about a month old.A B C2AOne difference between a homing pigeon and an ordinary one is the size of the brain.A B C3BHoming pigeons always follow the course home no matter how far the distance is.A B C4BThe author mention bees, ants, toads, and turtles in order to show they, like homing pigeons, can be trained to carry out the missions that people demand.A B C5CThe small head of a homing pigeon enables a homing pigeon toreturn home.A B CSection III. Translation (20min. 20%)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.Firs