【高考能力急救箱】高考常用词语辨析(q、r).doc

精品系列资料 传播先进教育理念 提供最佳教学方法quarrel about, quarrel with quarrel about意为“为某事吵架”，后接吵架的事由；而quarrel with则为“和某人吵架”，后接吵架的对象。如：Sometimes they would quarrel about money. 有时他们因金钱而吵架。The six blindmen quarrelled with each other. 那六个瞎子互相吵架。将上述两个词组可合为一个，即：quarrel withabout，意为“因某事和某人吵架”。如：All the six blindmen quarreled with each other about the elephant. 六个瞎子为大象之事相互争吵起来。 quiet, silent, still, calm 1）quiet的“静”主要指没有吵闹的动乱的一种状态，带有持久性，silent主要指不出声，不说话，不发出声响。如：I spent a quiet evening at home. 我在家度过一个宁静的夜晚。He lives in a quiet street. 他住在一条安静的街上。The winds are quiet now. 现在风小了。He is silent about what happened. 他对发生的事情默不作声。2）用作表语，quiet也表示不出声。如：The boy kept quiet（silent）. 这小孩不说话。3）still“静止的、无声的”，指完全没有声音并且有不动的意思。且时间较为短暂。如：The Swede stood quiet still. 那个瑞典人站着一动不动。4）calm指天气或海洋的“平静”，“无风浪”的意思。也指人“心平气和”的意思。如：The sea was fairly calm yesterday. 昨天海风平浪静。She always remains calm when she meets difficulties. 当她遇到困难时总是保持平静。still, silent, quiet指“不说话，不作声”或用作表语时可以通用。如：Miss Ogden keeps silent（still或quiet）. 奥格登小姐保持沉默。 quite a bit, quite a few, quite a little, quite a lot quite a bit常用于more或less前面表示“相当多”。Quite a bit more snow is coming tonight. 今晚的雪下的还要大。quite a few常用于口语中表示“不少，相当多”，后接可数名词，相当于not a few。如：Quite a few people I have spoken to are of that opinion. 不少和我交谈过的人都有那个意见。quite a little也表“不少”，但后接不可数名词，相当于not a little。如：Quite a little is left to do. 还有不少工作要做。Cleaning the back yard needed quite a little work. 打扫后院费了不少工夫。quite a lot也表“许多”，可直接作宾语或状语。如：I saw quite a lot of him last year. 去年我常见到他。We have read quite a lot. 我们已经读了许多了。 raise, lift raise意思是“举起”，“好到更高的水平”。例如：Raise（put up）your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果有问题要问，请举手。He has been raised to higher office. 他被提升了职位。Our salary was raised. 我们的工资提高了。lift是从地面“举起”的意思。例如：He lifted a large stone from the ground. 他把一块大石头从地面上搬了起来。The box is too heavy for her to lift. 这箱子太重，她搬不起来。 rare, scarce rare的意思是“稀罕的，罕有的”。多指难得到的或不常见的东西，往往含有珍贵的意味。其反义词是common。如：The emerald is a rare gem. 翠玉是一种罕有的宝石。There are plenty of rare books worthy of preservation in the library. 图书馆有许多有保存价值珍贵的书籍。scarce的意思是稀少的、稀有的，只用于指具体物品，表示某物过去多，目前缺少，以致供不应求的意思，但不一定是珍贵之物。反义词是abundant。When winter comes, eggs get scarce. 冬天来到时，鸡蛋少起来了。Fruit is now scarce in this district. 这个地方目前水果缺少。 rather than, would ratherthan 1）would ratherthan“宁愿而不”，表示主观愿望，用这一结构要注意两个比较的部分对等。如：I would rather have the small one than the big one. 我宁愿要小的，不要大的。She would rather go today than tomorrow. 她宁愿今天去，而不愿明天去。I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema. 我宁愿呆在家里，而不愿去看电话。应该注意的是，比较的部分如果是分词，than后应是动词原形。2）rather than不和would连用，不表示主观愿望，而表示一个事实即“做而不”的意思，注意than前的动词要与主句中与之相当的动词在形式上一致。如：I took the small one rather than the big one. 我拿了小的，而不是大的。Well have a meeting in the classroom rather than in the auditorium. 我们在教室开会，而不在礼堂。Her ran all the way rather than walked. 他一路跑，而不是走。He should be rewarded rather than be punished. 他应受奖励而不应受惩罚。这种rather than可以用在句首，但其后的动词必须改用动名词。如：Rather than being punished, he should be rewarded. reach, reach to, reach for, reach out for reach及的动词，“到达”。You can reach London in two days. 你两天后可到达伦敦。reach to“延伸到”，to是介词。The new railway line will reach to our village. 新铁路将修到我们村子。reach out for“设法得到（抓住）”You should try your best to reach out for good chance they give you. 你应尽力得到他们给你提供的好机会。This is what Ive been reaching out for. 这是我一直设法要得到的。 read, read of 1）read是“读”，“看得懂”，“读懂”的意思。如：We read newspapers every day. 我们天天读报。The child can read the clock now. 这孩子会看钟了。He read himself to sleep. 他读着读着入睡了。2）read of（about）表示“在阅读中得知”的意思。如：I read of the arrival of the foreign guests. 我看报纸得知这些外国朋友到了。 real, true, actual 1）true可作表语，是“真实的”“正确的”意思，指与实际或事实相符的，不是虚假的。如：Im true to my friend. 我是忠于朋友的。What he said is true. 他说的是真的。2）real作定语表示“真实的”，“不是想象的”，指客观存在的，而非伪造的或想象的。true作定语表示“符合实际的”，这时不能互换。如：This is a story of real life. 这是个从真实生活中取材的故事。This is a true story. 这是个真实的故事。3）real, true作表语，表示“真的”，可互换。如：It is real（true）pearl. 这是真珍珠。4）actual意为“实际的，现实的”，指某事物已经发生或存在，而不是想象中可能发生或存在的，可与real互换。如：That is his actual experience. 那是他的实际经验。Name an actual case of bravery. 请举出一个勇敢的实例。 reason, cause 两个名词均可作“原因，理由”讲。reason指用来解释某种看法，理由，借口，并由此得出一定的结论。如：The reason for my absence was that I was ill. 我之所以缺席是由于生病了。Give me your reasons for refusing. 说一说你拒绝的理由。cause指直接导致行为或事情发生的原因，由它产生出结果，作“理由”讲时，指正当的或充分的理由。如：What were the causes of the First World War? 第一次世界大战的起因是什么？His illness is the cause of his failure in the examination. 他病了，这就是他考试失败的原因。Dont complain without reason or cause. 不要无缘无故地怨天忧人。 recover, get well, be well again, be all right 以上这组词语均有“康复”之义。recover可作及物动词和不及物动词用，指“痊愈，恢复”，主语是人且常用主动语态，作不及物动词用时，常与from连用。如：Shes beginning to recover her strength after her fever. 她退烧后开始恢复体力。Youd better put off studying till youve fully recovered. 你最好待病愈后再学习。Have you quite recovered from the attack of measles? 你患麻疹后身体复原没有？get well, be well again, be all right常用于口语和非正式文体中表示“恢复健康，好了”。如：The doctor said that I would be well again（all right again）in a week. 医生说我一周后可以康复了。 refer to, referto refer to的意思是：提到，提及；查阅，参考；指而言，适用于。如：The teacher referred the students to books on English. 老师让学生参阅有关英语的书。He referred to his teacher in his speech. 他在谈话中常提到他的老师。referto是“把提交给”，“把归功于”的意思。如：She referred her success to the good teaching she had had. 她把她的成功归功于她所受的良好教育。He referred a bill to a committee. 他把议案交给委员会讨论。This rule doesnt refer to girls. 这条规则不适合女孩。 remain, stay 两者均可作不及物动词，意为“逗留，停留”，stay的用法最常见，特指以客人身份在某地暂住。如：They went for tea and stayed for dinner. 他们去喝茶，还呆在那里吃了饭。They couldnt decide whether to stay or to go. 或留或去他们无法决定。remain用于其他人离去后“留下”的意思时，相当于stay behind; remain比stay更正式。表示继续呆在某地或处于某种状态，可互换。如：Few remained in the building after the alarm was sounded. 警报发出后，就没有什么人留在大楼里了。How many weeks will you remain/stay here? 你将在此停留几个星期？The door remained（stayed）closed. 门仍然是关着的。 remember doing, remember to do, remember sb. to sb. remember doing的意思是“记得做了某事”表示doing的动作已经完成。此时，可用不定式to have done来替换。如：I remember taking the medicine at the right time. 我记得已经按时服药。remember to do的意思是“记住做某事”，表示to do的动作还没有发生，往往指有意识的行为。如：I remember to take the medicine at the right time. 我记住要按时服药。forget, regret的用法同remember。remember sb. to sb.意为“代某人向某人问好”。如：Please remember me to your family. 请代我向你的家人问好。 repair, mend 两词均有“修理”之意。Repair比较普通，常指对一些大而复杂东西的修理。如对建筑物，堤坝、机器、车辆的修理等。但有时repair也可指对一些小东西，如桌椅的修理等。如：The tractor has been repaired. 这台拖拉机修好了。mend有“修补”之含义，常指对简单东西的修理，如补衣服、袜子等。事态的改变也可以用mend，但不能用repair来代替。I was mending/repairing my bike. 我在修自行车。The matter cant be mended. 这事无法补救。 report, report on, reportto sb., report（oneself）at/to report vt. 报道，报告。What he reported was based on facts. 他所报道的都依据事实。vi. 带状语如：report on报道关于。He always reports on the work. 他常报道那项工作。reportto sb. 向某人汇报。Dont report it to our class teacher. 别把这件事向班主任汇报。report（oneself）at/to表示报到、登记。Everyone may report himself here. 每个人可在这里登记。 require, demand 人做主语时，require表示按权利提出要求；事物做主语时，表示因其内在特性而急需。They require the captain to see them. 他们要求队长接见他们。Your bike requires repairing. 我的单车需要修理。require doing. 主动式但表达被动意义。动词want, need用法相同。demand语气较重，表示主语态度强硬，要求宾语绝对服从。The teacher demanded to be told the whole thing. 老师要求了解整个情况。require和demand接从句时用虚拟语气，谓语为（should）do。We require that he be sent for. 我们要求去请他。 require sb. to do, require sth. of sb., require to be done require sb. to do为依据权力而要求某人去做。We require him to examine the patient in no time. 我们要求他马上检查病人。require sth. of sb. 向某人索要某物。The child always requires money of its father. 那孩子常常向他父亲要钱。require to be done需要（被）做。Our coloured TV set requires to be serviced. 我们的彩电很需维修。require（或want, need）to be donerequire（want, need）doing remind, remind of 1）remind后接名词，不定式，that从句，都表示提醒，即提醒某人将应做某事。如：If I forget, please remind me. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。He reminded me to turn off the light. 他提醒我关灯。Please remind me that I must call him up before six. 请提醒我六点前给他打个电话。2）remind of表示“使记起”（过去的事），of可后跟名词、动名词和what引导的从句。如：Her talk reminded me of the days when we were together. 他的话使我想起我们在一起的日子。Her talk reminded me of my staying there. 她的谈话使我想起曾在那儿呆过。The film reminded me of what I had seen in Qingdao. 这部电影使我想起在青岛看到的一切。 rich, the rich rich是形容词，“有钱的，富的”意思。与定冠词连用指“富人”这类人，接复数动词。the richthe rich peopleHe became a rich farmer. 他成了一名富裕农民。The rich are not always happy. 有钱人并不总是幸福的。“一个富人”不应说a rich，而为a rich person。一些形容词前加定冠词the，这形容词就名词化，指这一类人或事。如：the poor 穷人 the wise 有智慧的人 the dead 死人the sick 病人 the wounded 受伤的人 the blind 盲人 rich, well off, wealthy rich的意思是富有的、有钱的、丰富的。多指有许多钱、土地、商品等，是最普通用词。This invention made him rich. 这项发明使他富有。The United States is rich in oil and coal. 美国有大量的石油和煤。well off的意思是富有的、境迂佳的。着重指走了好运，生活过得舒适，处于佳境。These people are very well off. 这些人很富有。He doesnt know when he will be well off. 他不知道他何时生活才能处于佳境。wealthy的意思是富有的、有钱的。指人时，不仅表示有钱有商品，还可以表示不同层次的富有。He is one of our most wealthy citizens. 他是最有名有钱的市民之一。Jack lives in a moderately wealthy family. 杰克生活在一个中等有钱的家庭里。 right, rightly 两个词均可作副词用，其区别是：right表示“刚刚、正好”用于副词和介词短语前，此时不能用rightly。如：He turned up right after lunch. 刚吃过午饭，她就来了。A difficulty arose right here. 麻烦就出在这里。right还可作方位副词用，而rightly则不能。如：Turn right at the second turning. 第二个转弯处向右拐。He look neither right nor left. 他既没向右看也没向左看。right和rightly均有“正确地”的意思，在句中的位置不同，right用于动词后，而rightly则多位于动词之前。如：You didnt spell that word right. 那个词你没拼对。He answered right. 他回答对了。I rightly supposed that he was there. 我推测对了，他是在那里。Rightly or wrongly, she refused to speak to him. 不管对错，她都不愿同他讲话。 right, rightly, right away, right off, right now right adj. adv. 正当，正确，对。We think it right to reject a bribe. 我们认为拒贿是对的。It was by the right way that they succeeded. 因为采取了正确的方法，他们获得了成功。The woman guessed right. 那女人猜对了。副词right和rightly一般可换用，但修饰主语，说明动作正在发生，尤其在动词前，要用rightly，修饰宾语，表示行为的结果，人的感觉等用right。He rightly answers the question. 他对它的回答对了。right away/off立刻，right now就在此刻。We must start our work right away/off. 我们得立刻开始工作。He is waiting there right now. 此刻，他正在那儿等着。 ring up, ring back, ring off ring up打电话，ring sb. upring up sb. 给某人打电话。up为副词，代词宾语要置于其前ring him up；ring back回电话。ring off类似于turn off表示关掉电源，即挂断电话，现常用hang off。Headmaster rung you up at nine this morning. 校长今早九点给你来电话。 rob sb. of sth, steal sth. from sb., cheat sb. of sth. rob, steal和cheat均为vt. 但宾语有别。rob抢劫，宾语是人或地方，用of引用抢劫物：rob sb.（或a place）of sth.；steal偷，宾语是被偷的物，用from引出被偷的人或地方：steal sth. from sb.（或a place）；cheat诈取，常用结构：cheat sb.（out）of sth.如：The stranger is robbed of his wallet. 那个陌生人被抢了钱包。At 2 this morning, many things were stolen from the store. 今晨2点店里被偷了许多东西。The dishonest man cheated the blind man of his money. 那个不诚实的人骗走了那个瞎子的钱。 rise, raise 二者都可以表示“上升，提高”的意思。但用法不同。rise是不及物动词，多指由于自然现象的原因而“上升，提高”；raise是及物动词