Unit 11 Depression.doc

新思维研究生英语读写教程Unit 11 DepressionPrereadingLook at the pictures above and the title of the text, then discuss the following questions with your partners.1. What do you know about depression?2. Give some effective ways to deal with depression.Sharing InformationWork in groups. Give out your interpretations for these quotations. Do you agree with any of them? Why or why not?Its a recession when your neighbor losers his job; Its a depression when you lose yours. -Harry S.TrumanDepression is the inability to construct a future. -Rollo MayNoble deeds and hot baths are the best cures for depression. -Dodie SmithDepression is nourished by a lifetime of ungrieved and unforgiven hurts. -Penelope SweetJust like other illnesses, depression can be treated so that people can live happy,active lives. -Tom BosleyMany people think that depression is something you just have to live with when you get older, but its not. -Tom BosleyIdea In BriefMajor depressive disorder, also known as major depression, unipolar depression, clinical depression, or simply depression, is a mental disorder characterized by a pervasive low mood and loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. Major depression can be a serious and often disabling condition that can significantly affect a persons work, family and school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. Around 3.4%of people with major depression commit suicide, and there is also a higher rate of dying from other causes. Many psychologists have devoted their lives to finding effective ways to help those people.TextDepression:A Thorny ProblemI just read an op-ed piece written by a doctor in which he discusses why he feels it would be better for people with depression to be forced to work rather than allowed to go on disability. The crux of his argument seemed to be that when he was a junior doctor he lived next door to some young men who were on disability for depression yet they were able to get out in the yard and play football. The more I read of his article, it became clear to me that he was, in fact, jealous because he was working hard learning to be a doctor so he could treat these people who seemed to be living the easy life, drawing a check from the government, even though they were not really debilitated enough, in his opinion, to be disabled.Reading this article, it occurred to me that depression doesnt get the respect that it should because it is an invisible illness. There is nothing obviously wrong with people who are depressed. They plaster on a fake smile, make an appearance at work every day and everything appears to be normal. But, does the fact that depressed people are physically capable of getting themselves to work mean they arent too disabled to work? I think only someone who has experienced depression knows the real answer to that question.I am one of the lucky ones who was able to recover from depression with treatment. But, what if I had been treatment-resistant, going from one medication to another with no relief, the way so many people do? I can remember dragging myself to work most days, pulling myself out of bed at the last possible second because my sleep had been so poor. I would be there in body, but not really up to the task emotionally, psychologically or even physically. I made numerous mistakes, my productivity was low and all-around I was just not a good employee when I was depressed.Whenever I possibly could, I used sick days and vacation time to relieve the unbearable stress. I can well imagine what it is like for the chronically depressed person who is not able to find relief through any means. How can you do a competent job at work when you can barely find the energy to pull yourself out of bed? If you are struggling to hold a job because of your depression and there is no end in sight for your symptoms, why shouldnt you be considered disabled?The study found that women with clinical depression were more than twice as likely to be obese body mass index of 30 or more and obese women were more than twice as likely to be depressed.Obese women also exercised the least, had the worst body image and ate more calories than women with lower BMIs.Even when marital status, education, tobacco use and antidepressant use were factored in the association between depression and obesity remained.Are generics as good as brand name drugs? In theory, yes. The FDA requires generic drugs to have the same quality, strength, purity and stability as brand name drugs. One area they may differ in, however, is inactive ingredients.One implication of this variation in ingredients is that you may find you have an allergic reaction to a generic drug that you didnt have with the brand name drug because they use some dye or filler that wasnt in the brand name drug. Or the inactive ingredients could affect you in some other way. For example, a few years ago I was given a generic version of the acne cream Retin-A. When I applied it to my skin I got an unbearable burning sensation that I did not get with the brand name drug. As a result,I could not use the generic version that my insurance company paid for and had to pay out-of-pocket to get the brand name drug. The most important question though is whether the active ingredient works the same. As I said previously, the FDA requires that generic drugs be virtually the same as the brand name in dosage, purity and how it behaves in your body.Unfortunately, Ive heard from many people who have cast doubts on just how reliable generics are.The conclusion Ive reached is that we should use caution when using generic drugs, especially with drugs that affect our mental well-being.While they thoretically should be the same, peoples experiences do not always back this up.Its better to be safe than sorry I say.Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicines Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic studied nine women with bipolar disorder to examine the effects of light therapy in the morning or at midday on mood symptoms. The women used the light boxes daily for 15-,30-,and 45-minute periods for two weeks at a time. Of the nine women treated, six achieved some degree of improvement, with several recovering fully from their depression symptoms. While most got the best response with midday light, a few responded better to a final adjustment to morning light.“Three of the women who received morning light initially developed what we call a mixed state, with symptoms of depression and mania that occur all at once-racing thoughts, irritability, sleeplessness, anxiety and low mood,”said study author Dr. Dorothy Sit. “But when another group began with midday light therapy, we found a much more stable response.”“People with bipolar disorder are exquisitely sensitive to morning light, so this profound effect of morning treatment leading to mixed states is very informative and forces us to ask more questions,”said Dr. Sit. “Did we introduce light too early and disrupt circadian rhythms and sleep patterns?There has been a lot of speculation going on over the past year about just what is going on with Britney Spears.Is it drugs and alcohol that fuel her erratic behavior?Postpartum depression? Bipolar disorder? Maybe shes just spoiled by fame and easy money? Yesterday I heard Greta Van Susteren from Fox make what I thought were some Very interesting comments. I dont have the exact quote, but she said something to the effect that maybe Britneys behavior(referring to her recent hospitalization) was just a normal response to the circumstances of losing her kids.Good question. Is what she is going through a normal response for a young woman with limited coping skills who has lost first her husband and then her children ? Or is something deeper going on?Have you ever been around someone who had on so much perfume that you thought they must have bathed in it? They may have been depressed,say Israeli scientists who recently found a link between depression and a mechanism that affects the olfactory glands.“Our scientific findings suggest that women who are depressed are also losing their sense of smell, and may overcompensate by using more perfume,”Said Prof. Yehuda Shoenfeld, a member of the Sackler Faculty of Medicine at Tel Aviv University. “We also believe that depression has biological roots and may be an immune system response to certain physiological cues.”Prof.Shoenfeld notes that women who are depressed are also more likely to lose weight. With a reduced sense of smell, they are less likely to have a healthy appetite, he said. Shoenfeld believes that depression accompanying autoimmune diseases like lupus may be more than just an emotional reaction to being ill, it may be a part of the disease. In patients with autoimmune diseases,the body produces a particle called an autoantibody which attacks the persons own immune system. This particle has also been found to weaken the sense of smell and induce depression.Shoenfeld suggests that a smell test might be useful in diagnosing depression and autoimmune diseases and that aromatherapy may play some role in treating depression.If you are dieting in the new year, please be aware of the importance of good nutrition in maintaining a level mood. Deficiencies in the B-complex vitamins, vitamin C and various minerals can all cause symptoms of depression. When you cut calories, you may also be cutting out adequate levels out these vital nutrients.If youre in doubt about whether you are getting enough vitamins and minerals in your diet, consider supplementing. Youve probably read about the research that indicates that exercise can help depression.If youre like me, you may wonder how that information can help when just getting out of bed can feel overwhelming. I ran across an article written by Paige Waehner about this topic that I found motivating. In this article, Paige explains why exercise can benefit depression and she gives some simple tips to help you get started.I find her recommendations both realistic and helpful.If you are interested in eating healthier and feeling better about yourself, but feel overwhelmed by the thought of exercising, Id recommend reading this article.Never do today what you can put off for tomorrow. Better yet , never put offtil tomorrow what you can avoid altogether!I dont know who coined these phrases, but they must have been a depressive. The symptoms that we face, such as fatigue and hopelessness, make it so easy to say to ourselves, “Ill just put this off until tomorrow when I feel better.” Before we know it, that deadline is creeping up on us and were starting to panic. Whats the best way to deal with panic? Hide your head in the sand and hope it goes away! Not really, but procrastination an easy habit to fall into and as the panic mounts, so does the depression. The more depressed we get, the more we avoid reality.Words and Expressions1. legitimate a. Correct or allowable according to the law or the generally accepted standards of behaviors2. crux n. the essential point 3. debilitate vt. to weaken (the body)4. plaster vt.to put sth. On a face5. fake a. artificial; false 6. medication n. a medical substance7. obese a.(of a person )very fat; unhealthily fat 8. obesity n. the state of being obese 9. calorie n. a measure used to show the amount of heat or energy 10. marital a. of or relating to marriage or married life11. ingredient n. an element in a mixture; constituent12. allergic a. having an allergy or peculiar or excessive susceptibility (esp.to a specific factor)13. generic a.of genes or genetics14. exquisitely ad.sensitively and delicately15. overcompensate v.to repay too much for a loss16. acne n. A skin disorder common among young people, in which many small raised spots appear on the face and neck17. bipolar a.having, or at, two poles18. mania n. A desire or interest so strong that it seems mad; a(dangerous)disorder of mind19. circadian a. repeating or performing in a 24-hour cycle, esp. In an organism20. olfactory a.of or relating to smelling or the body which produces a liquid substance21. gland n.an organ of the body which produces a liquid substance22. autoimmune a.of reactions to ones own tissues or antigens23. Iupus n.any of various destructive skin diseases affecting chiefly the face and hands24. a level mood a stable moodNotes1. op-ed piece/page/article a page in a news paper that has articles containing opinions on various subjects, or one of these articles2. clinical depression(also called major-depressive disorder or unipolar depression) a psychiatric disorder, characterized by a pervasive low mood, loss of interest in usual activities and diminished ability to experience pleasure3. Generic vs Brand name drug a brand name drug, is marketed under a specific trade name by a pharmaceutical manufacturer. In most cases, brand name drugs are still under patent protection, meaning the manufacturer is the sole source for the product but in many countries around the world this is not the case and a generic alternative is readily available.A generic drug is made with the same active ingredients in the same dosage form as a brand name drug. The generic drug is therapeutically equivalent to the brand name drug but is sold under its chemical “orgeneric name.4. Retin-A Retin-A (tretinoin) is a powerful acne treatment medication, derived from vitamin A. It can be used to treat mild to moderately severe acne, and is especially effective for those with comedonal acne (many blackheads and whiteheads).5. University of Pittsburgh The University of Pittsburgh, commonly referred to as Pitt, is a non-sectarian, coeducational, independent, state-related, “public” research university located in Pittsbutgh, Pennsylvania,United States.6. light therapy a standard treatment for seasonal affective disorder7. postpartum depression a form of clinical depression which can affect women, and less frequently men , after childbirth 产后抑郁症8. Greta Van Susteren (June 11,1954-) an American journalist and television personality on the Fox News Channel, where she hosts On the Record with Greta Van Susteren9. Yehuda Shoenfeld, M.D. A physician and autoimmunity researcher at Sheba Medical Center in Tel-Hashomer and at Sackler Faculty of Medicine at Tel Aviv University in Israel. He is also editor of two journals, Harefuab(Medicine ) in Hebrew with English abstracts and Israel Medical Association Journal(IMAJ).10. Tel Aviv University located in Israels cultural, financial and industrial heartland, Tel Aviv University is the largest university in Israel and the biggest Jewish university in the world. Sackler Faculty of Medicine is a medical school which is part of Tel Aviv University in Tel Aviv, Israel.11. Paige Waehner a certified personal trainer through the American Council on Exercise and a freelance writer ExercisesI. Reading for Main Ideas1. The theme of this article is depression. Give a very brief introduction to depression.2. How many parts can this article be divided into? Give the main idea of each of the parts.II.Reading for DetailsA. Complete the following sentences using the correct form of words or phrases taken from the text. You will not use them all.fake exquisite allergic obese marital compensate legitimate depression debilitate initial coin overwhelm chronical competent implication sensation purity ingredient relief cue erratic disable1. Marguerite had been pretty, but the greater the commotion that attends the lives of these women, the smaller the stir once they are dead.2. He speaks English and French with the same of diction.3. As a result, more people became sensitized to latex and developed reactions.4. The UN Charter says that the essential criteria for recruitment shall be “the highest standards of efficiency, and integrity”.5. All nations have the right to maintain an appropriate national defense capability and to self-defense.6. He thought that many parents were irresponsible putting their young children in the hands of overseas education agencies, especially since many have turned out to be .7. Allen King in Salinas has also adopted a new approach to helping his patients improve the quality of their lives.8. American idioms are colorful, varied, and , the sports-based ones particularly so.9. China is an active supporter and promoter of cooperation in drug control in the sub-region, as by the UN.10. Cohen the term “virus” at this point and is considered the father of what we know today as computer viruses.B.Figure out which of the four choices A,B,C and D will keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. The whole park was overwhelmed by a holiday atmosphere as if life had opened a new road for the people.A. full off B.to the full C.full to bursting D.at the full2. But they never laugh at a disabled person or a madman. Sympathy is felt to be stronger than laughter.A. handicapped B.paralyzed C,incapable D.distorted3. Altogether, this dwelling, which was attended to by the two women, was exquisitely clean from top to bottom.A. extremely B.expressively C.explosively D.explicably4. Everything is a bit depressing at the moment but I carry on in the belief that a good times are just around the corner.A. discouraged B.discouraging C.worrying D.melancholia5. Scientists study all kinds of emotions and behavior, but