英语语音弱读略读冠词的读法以及名词复数动词第三人称单数动词ed的读法.doc

英语 语音 弱读 略读 冠词的读法 以及 名词复数 动词第三人称单数 动词ed的读法弱读与略读语法性虚词是被弱读的对象，实词很少被弱读。而语法词在英语中的大量运用，使弱读和略读现象在口语会话中极为普遍，请同学们给予足够的重视，养成习惯并加以掌握。StandardCommon ContractionExampleNoteandnDo you know Nancy n DavidarerMy classmatesr on vacationAre youyaYa going to school?Where ya going?are you is contracted only when followed by one or more words. Therefore, it would be incorrect to contract. How are you? to How ya unless it was followed by one or more words such as:How ya going?becausecause(*)I dont like her cause she is too proud.cancnI cn be there in an ecmCm over to our house around 10:00This contraction does not apply if come falls at the end of the sentence.could havecoud not havecoulda couldnaYou coulda hurt yourself?He couldna done it.This also applies to the following:Should have = should,aShouldnt have = shouldna Would have = wouldaWouldnt have = wouldnadid youdidja or djaHow didja do it?How dja do it?When followed by a word beginning with the letter “e” or “a” dja is commonly contracted to dj: Did you eat yet? Did you ask her = dj ask er?does shedushiDushi speak English?dont knowdunno(*)I dunno where you live.forferHe works fer his father.This also applies to the following: forgive = fergiveforget = fergetgive megimme(*)Gimme that.going togonna(*)(when followed by a consonat)gonnu(when followed by a vowel)Im gonna give him a present. Im gonnu invite her to the party.When followed by a vowel, “going to” if commonly contracted to gonnu, although gonna is also acceptable. SEE got to = gotta or gottagoodbyeGbyeIll talk to you tomorrow. Gbye!This alse applies to the following: good night = gnightgot togotta(*) (when followed by a consonant, pronounced gotta)gottu(*) (when followed by a vowel. pronounced gottu)I gotta give him a present.I gottu invite her to my birthday party.When followed by a vowel, “got to” is commonly contracted to gottu, although gotta is also acceptable.had betterbetterYou better set off right now.have tohaftaI hafta go home immediately.Also (S) he hasta/haddaheeWho is e?This does not apply. If he begins a sentence.he/she hashe/sheasHeas a house at the beach.hererThis iser book.This does not apply. If her begins a sentence.himimI like im very much.hisisWhat is is name?This does not apply. If his begins a sentence.how did youhowdya / howdj aHowdya / Howdja make that?how doeshowsHows she feel today?how do youhowdyaHowdya do it?When pronounced as two syllables, how dya, the tense changes from present to past. Although subtle, this difference is easily detected by native-born American. Howdya do it? = How did you do it?Howdya do it? = How do you do it? in front ofin fronnaHe parked in fronna the garden.-ing-in(*)Im goin to the store.is thatizatIzat your new car?ALSO: Zat your new car?ofa or o(*)Hes sorta strange.Its made ogold.Although you will occasionally see the conjunction of contracted to o, it is pronounced like a. There fore, its made ogold would be pronouced its made a gold.oldol(*)Theres the ol house.orrDo you like ice creamr candy?As you may have noticed. r is a contraction not only of are but of or as well. The connotation depends on the context: I cn invite Bobr Tom. = I can invite Bob or Tom.Bobn Tomr invited = Bob and Tom are invited.out ofoutta(*)(pronounced: oudda)Get outta the class at once!Pronounced Ged oudda the class at once!probablyprobly(*)Hell probly come for dinner.should not haveshouldnaYou shouldna leave so soon.somesmI want sm apples.suresherSher. I like chocolate!A common expression indicating agreement is For Sure!Pronounced Fer Sher!themm / em(*)I likem / I likeem.totaI dont know what ta do now.NOTE(1): This applies to any word that begins with the combination “to and whose accent does not fall on the first syllable: today, tomorrow, tobacco etc.Pronounced taday, tamorrow, tabacco.NOTE(2): when preceded by a word which ends with an “r” ”o” sound, to is commonly pronounced da: I dunno where da go now.want towanna(*)(when followed by a consonant or vowel) wannu(when followed ty a vowel only)I wanna go outside.I wanna eat something.I wannu avoid the subject.Wanna may be used either before a consonant or a vowel. Whereas wannu may only be used before a vowel. It would sound strange to the ear to use wannu before a consonant such as: wannu go.whatwudWud if we went to the movies.“What” is pronounced whad only when followed by a vowel.what are youwachya or wachaWachya / Wacha doin?This contraction can only occur if it is followed immediately by one or more word. It cannot stand alone:what are you? Crazy? It would be incorrect so say. Wacha? Crazy?what did youwudidya or wudjya or wudjaWudidya / Wudija / Wudja buy?would not havewudnaI wudna done that if I were you.what is thewhats aWhats a matter?ALSO: Wassa matta?(*)what do youwhat cha or what chya or wuddyaWhat cha / What chya / Wuddya doing?When wuddya is pronouced as two syllables. Wuddya, it becomes past tense. When pronounced as three syliables. Wuddya, it changes to present tense. This subtle difference is easiler detected by any native born American.what doeswhats(*)Whats her do for a living?Although a common colloquial contraction for “what does”. Whats is traditionally a contraction for “what is”would not youwudnaI wudna done that if I were you.Youya(*) / ja(common pronounciation when preceded by the letter “d”) y(common contraction when followed by a vowel)How are you?Would ja like some ice cream?If yever need me, just call.Did yever see the movie?why did youwhydya or whydjaWhydya / Whydja tell him to leave?why do youwhydyaWhydya work so hard?When whydya is pronounced as two syllbles. Why dya, it becomes past tense. When pronouced as three syllables, whydya, it changes to present tense. This subtle difference is easier detected by any native born American.冠词读法从笔者的教学经验中不难发现，冠词几乎人人会用，也都知道什么时候用哪个，以及如何读。但多数人在实际口语表达中却总是用错，读错，即使有很多年英语学习经验的人也不例外。这说明了大多数人对规范用法及读法不够重视。冠词读法元音前用不定冠词an，辅音前用不定冠词a。定冠词the在元音前读DI，在辅音前读D。名词复数的读法很多同学不清楚单词后什么时候加 s 或 es ，是读s、z还是读iz。本章将说明、解决这一问题。发音方法单词以s、z、S、Z、t