罗宾斯《管理学》英文原版讲义全集StuRC8eCh.ppt

PowerPointPresentationbyCharlieCookCopyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 2 LEARNINGOUTLINEFollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter UnderstandingCommunicationsDifferentiatebetweeninterpersonalandorganizationalcommunication Discussthefunctionsofcommunication TheProcessofInterpersonalCommunicationsExplainallthecomponentsofthecommunicationprocess Listthecommunicationmethodsmanagersmightuse Describenonverbalcommunicationanhowittakesplace Explainthebarrierstoeffectiveinterpersonalcommunicationandhowtoovercomethem Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 3 LEARNINGOUTLINE cont d FollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter OrganizationalCommunicationExplainhowcommunicationcanflowinanorganization Describethethreecommoncommunicationnetworks Discusshowmanagersshouldhandlethegrapevine UnderstandingInformationTechnologyDescribehowtechnologyaffectsmanagerialcommunication Definee mail instantmessaging voice mail fax EDI teleconferencing videoconferencing intranet andextranet Explainhowinformationtechnologyaffectorganizations Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 4 LEARNINGOUTLINE cont d FollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter CommunicationIssuesinToday sOrganizationDiscusshowInternetemployeegripesitesaffectcommunications Explainhoworganizationscanmanageknowledge Describewhycommunicatingwithcustomersisanimportantmanagerialissue Explainhowpoliticalcorrectnessisaffectingcommunication Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 5 LEARNINGOUTLINE cont d FollowthisLearningOutlineasyoureadandstudythischapter WhatIsAnOrganization Describethecharacteristicsofanorganization Explainhowtheconceptofanorganizationischanging WhyStudyManagement Explaintheuniversalityofmanagementconcept Discusswhyanunderstandingofmanagementisimportantevenifyoudon tplantobeamanager Describetherewardsandchallengesofbeingamanager Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 6 WhatIsCommunication CommunicationThetransferandunderstandingofmeaning Transfermeansthemessagewasreceivedinaformthatcanbeinterpretedbythereceiver Understandingthemessageisnotthesameasthereceiveragreeingwiththemessage InterpersonalCommunicationCommunicationbetweentwoormorepeopleOrganizationalCommunicationAllthepatterns network andsystemsofcommunicationswithinanorganization Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 7 FourFunctionsofCommunication FunctionsofCommunication Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 8 FunctionsofCommunication ControlFormalandinformalcommunicationsacttocontrolindividuals behaviorsinorganizationsMotivationCommunicationsclarifyforemployeeswhatistodone howwelltheyhavedoneit andwhatcanbedonetoimproveperformance Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 9 FunctionsofCommunication cont d EmotionalExpressionSocialinteractionintheformofworkgroupcommunicationsprovidesawayforemployeestoexpressthemselves InformationIndividualsandworkgroupsneedinformationtomakedecisionsortodotheirwork Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 10 InterpersonalCommunication MessageSource sender sintendedmeaningEncodingThemessageconvertedtosymbolicformChannelThemediumthroughwhichthemessagetravelsDecodingThereceiver sretranslationofthemessageNoiseDisturbancesthatinterferewithcommunications Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 11 DistortionsinCommunications MessageEncodingTheeffectoftheskills attitudes andknowledgeofthesenderontheprocessofencodingthemessageThesocial culturalsystemofthesenderTheMessageSymbolsusedtoconveythemessage smeaningThecontentofthemessageitselfThechoiceofmessageformatNoiseinterferingwiththemessage Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 12 DistortionsinCommunications cont d TheChannelThesender schoiceoftheappropriatechannelormultiplechannelsforconveyingthemessageReceiverTheeffectofskills attitudes andknowledgeofthereceiverontheprocessofdecodingthemessageThesocial culturalsystemofthereceiverFeedbackLoopCommunicationchanneldistortionsaffectingthereturnmessagefromreceivertosender Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 13 InterpersonalCommunicationMethods Face to faceTelephoneGroupmeetingsFormalpresentationsMemosTraditionalMailFaxmachinesEmployeepublicationsBulletinboardsAudio andvideotapes HotlinesE mailComputerconferencingVoicemailTeleconferencesVideoconferences Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 14 EvaluatingCommunicationMethods FeedbackComplexitycapacityBreadthpotentialConfidentialityEncodingeaseDecodingease Time spaceconstraintCostInterpersonalwarmthFormalityScanabilityTimeconsumption Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 15 InterpersonalCommunication cont d NonverbalCommunicationCommunicationthatistransmittedwithoutwords SoundswithspecificmeaningsorwarningsImagesthatcontrolorencouragebehaviorsSituationalbehaviorsthatconveymeaningsClothingandphysicalsurroundingsthatimplystatusBodylanguage gestures facialexpressions andotherbodymovementsthatconveymeaning Verbalintonation theemphasisthataspeakergivestocertainwordsorphrasesthatconveysmeaning Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 16 InterpersonalCommunicationBarriers Defensiveness NationalCulture Emotions InformationOverload InterpersonalCommunication Language Filtering Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 17 BarrierstoEffectiveInterpersonalCommunication FilteringThedeliberatemanipulationofinformationtomakeitappearmorefavorabletothereceiver EmotionsDisregardingrationalandobjectivethinkingprocessesandsubstitutingemotionaljudgmentswheninterpretingmessages InformationOverloadBeingconfrontedwithaquantityofinformationthatexceedsanindividual scapacitytoprocessit Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 18 BarrierstoEffectiveInterpersonalCommunication cont d DefensivenessWhenthreatened reactinginawaythatreducestheabilitytoachievemutualunderstanding LanguageThedifferentmeaningsofandspecializedways jargon inwhichsendersusewordscancausereceiverstomisinterprettheirmessages NationalCultureCultureinfluencestheform formality openness patternsanduseofinformationincommunications Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 19 OvercomingtheBarrierstoEffectiveInterpersonalCommunications UseFeedbackSimplifyLanguageListenActivelyConstrainEmotionsWatchNonverbalCues Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 20 TypesofOrganizationalCommunication FormalCommunicationCommunicationthatfollowstheofficialchainofcommandorispartofthecommunicationrequiredtodoone sjob InformalCommunicationCommunicationthatisnotdefinedbytheorganization shierarchy PermitsemployeestosatisfytheirneedforsocialinteractionCanimproveanorganization sperformancebycreatingfasterandmoreeffectivechannelsofcommunication Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 21 CommunicationFlows Lateral Diagonal Downward Upward Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 22 DirectionofCommunicationFlow DownwardCommunicationsthatflowfrommanagerstoemployeestoinform direct coordinate andevaluateemployees UpwardCommunicationsthatflowfromemployeesuptomanagerstokeepthemawareofemployeeneedsandhowthingscanbeimprovedtocreateaclimateoftrustandrespect Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 23 DirectionofCommunicationFlow cont d Lateral Horizontal CommunicationCommunicationthattakesplaceamongemployeesonthesamelevelintheorganizationtosavetimeandfacilitatecoordination DiagonalCommunicationCommunicationthatcutsacrossbothworkareasandorganizationallevelsintheinterestofefficiencyandspeed Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 24 TypesofCommunicationNetworks ChainNetworkCommunicationflowsaccordingtotheformalchainofcommand bothupwardanddownward WheelNetworkAllcommunicationflowsinandoutthroughthegroupleader hub toothersinthegroup All ChannelNetworkCommunicationsflowfreelyamongallmembersoftheworkteam Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 25 TheGrapevine Aninformalorganizationalcommunicationnetworkthatisactiveinalmosteveryorganization ProvidesachannelforissuesnotsuitableforformalcommunicationchannelsTheimpactofinformationpassedalongthegrapevinecanbecounteredbyopenandhonestcommunicationwithemployees Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 26 InformationTechnology BenefitsofInformationTechnology IT IncreasedabilitytomonitorindividualandteamperformanceBetterdecisionmakingbasedonmorecompleteinformationMorecollaborationandsharingofinformationGreateraccessibilitytocoworkers Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 27 InformationTechnology cont d NetworkedComputerSystemsLinkingindividualcomputerstocreateanorganizationalnetworkforcommunicationandinformationsharing E mailInstantmessagingVoice mailFaxmachinesElectronicDataExchange EDI TeleconferencingVideoconferencing Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 28 InformationTechnology cont d TypesofNetworkSystemsIntranetAninternalnetworkthatusesInternettechnologyandisaccessibleonlytoemployees ExtranetAninternalnetworkthatusesInternettechnologyandallowsauthorizedusersinsidetheorganizationtocommunicatewithcertainoutsiderssuchascustomersandvendors Wirelesscapabilities Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 29 HowITAffectsOrganization RemovestheconstraintsoftimeanddistanceAllowswidelydispersedemployeestoworktogether ProvidesforthesharingofinformationIncreaseseffectivenessandefficiency IntegratesdecisionmakingandworkProvidesmorecompleteinformationandparticipationforbetterdecisionsCreatesproblemsofconstantaccessibilitytoemployeesBlursthelinebetweenworkandpersonallives Copyright 2005PrenticeHall Inc Allrightsreserved 11 30 CurrentCommunicationIssues BeingconnectedversusbeingconcernedManagingInternetgripesitesasavaluableresourceforuniqueinsightsintotheorganization Employeecomplaints hot button issues CustomercomplaintsRespondingtoInternetgripesitesRecognizedthem