5.12汶川地震(英文版).doc

5.12 Wenchuan earthquakeSeismic parameters Time: at 14:28 on May 12, 2008 04.0 seconds Latitude: 31.0 N Longitude: 103.4 E Depth: 33 km Richter: Richter 8.0 The greatest intensity: 11 degrees Epicenter: Yingxiuwan town of Wenchuan County, Sichuan Dujiangyan city, 21 km (267 ) northwest worship City 48 km (327 ) Dayi County, northwest 48 km (346 ) northwest of Chengdu 75 km (302 ) Historical background: Wenchuan earthquake in China since the founding of Chinas most since a strong earthquake, the direct and serious disaster-stricken areas of 100,000 square kilometers Earthquake causes: CAS researcher at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Research Wang Wenchuan 27 pairs more familiar with regional geological structure, in early May has been Wenchuan area. He analyzed that Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, western Sichuan Longmenshan the center, located in Wenchuan - Timor-mao on the fault zone. Indian Ocean plate northward movement, squeezing the Eurasian plate, causing uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. At the same time in the uplift of the plateau, also eastward movement, squeezing the Sichuan Basin. Sichuan Basin is a relatively stable block. Although the main looks Longmenshan tectonic activity is not strong, but the stress may be stored in the process of accumulation to a certain extent, the crust will break down, so the earthquake. The U.S. Geological Survey also released the news that the earthquakes epicenter and focal mechanisms and Longmenshan fault or a related movement of tectonic fault in line, the earthquake is a thrust to the northeast of the campaign results. From the mainland scale, Central Asia and East Asia, the seismic activity is due to the Indian Ocean plate collision of the Eurasian Plate. Southern California Earthquake Research Center, Professor Li Yonggang told Xinhua, Longmenshan fault zone is earthquake-prone region of active faults, from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau deep eastward flow of material disruption to the Sichuan Basin, the upward movement, which both border For the fault plane. If the fault movement a few centimeters a year, once every 50 to 70 meters, the accumulation of stress and energy can be generated from a magnitude 7 earthquake above. As the source shallow, and focal mechanism for the eastward thrust of the campaign, coupled with soft soil earthquake zone, seismic waves will spread eastward very long, making far to Shanghai and Beijing and other cities have generally felt. British Geological Survey earthquake monitoring and information service center director Brian Bapu Di in the Xinhua News Agency reporters Dian Huacai and Fang Shiyue, from the geological structure, the earthquake and the Himalayan collision zone on, is clearly the Northeast - to the Southwest Longmenshan fault zone in the compression of the result. Frances Institute of Geophysics, geologist Paul Daboniye the media said about 5,000 years ago, the Indian Ocean plate drift northward, collided with the Eurasian Plate after diving to the latter below, which formed the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is still squeezed by the two plates, making the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the surrounding areas into intensive earthquake zone. Earthquake type: Wenchuan for thrust earthquake, D, squeeze-fault earthquake. Longmenshan tectonic earthquake is tectonic fault zone with the central, role in squeezing the stress, by Nancy East thrust northward movement; this earthquake is a one-way breakdown of the earthquake, by Nancy East migration northward, resulting in the north east aftershocks To the expansion; squeeze-thrust earthquake in the main shock, stress and the spread of the release process has been slow, resulting in greater intensity aftershocks, continuing a long time. Focal depth: Wenchuan earthquake was shallow earthquake. Wenchuan deep earthquake does not belong to the effects of plate boundaries, in the brittle crust - toughness conversion zone, focal depth of 10 km to 20 km, devastating huge. The affected areas Including the epicenter was 50 km within the scope of the county and 200 km within the scope of large and medium-sized cities. Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Tibet, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Fujian and Taiwan, Such as the various provinces and cities have clearly felt. In addition to Chinas Heilongjiang, Jilin, Xinjiang, the quake was felt in varying degrees. Sichuan provinces to which Shangan the most serious earthquake. Even the Thai capital Bangkok, the capital of Hanoi, Vietnam, the Philippines, Japan, was felt. State Department announced: May 19 to 21 as a national mourning State Council Notice For the expression of the people of all nationalities of the four Chuan Wenchuan earthquake victims compatriots deep condolences, the State Council decided in 2008, from 19 to 21 May as a national mourning. In the meantime, the national and foreign institutions Xiaban Qi Zhi Ai, and stop public recreational activities, the Foreign Ministry and Chinas embassies and consulates set up condolence book. At 14:28 on May 19, people across the country and observe silence for three minutes, then cars, trains, ships whistle, air defense alarm is ringing. In 19 to 21 May national mourning period, the Beijing Olympic torch will not pass. Statistics casualties Summary of casualties throughout the country (as at 12:00 on June 14) The victims: 69,170 people Injuries: 374,159 people Missing: 17,428 people Material assistance funds The country at home and abroad to receive donations of the community (as at 12:00 on June 13) Total: 45.502 billion yuan To the actual accounts of: 43.626 billion yuan Donations allocated to the disaster areas of Total: 14.016 billion yuan Provinces, autonomous regions to support the situation 21 to support the provinces to support the Dujiangyan City, Shanghai, Hunan support Pengzhou City, Heilongjiang support Wenjiang, support Pixian County of Shanxi, Inner Mongolia support Dayi County, Hebei support Chong City, Jiangsu support Mianzhu City, Beijing support Shifang City, Liaoning Support County, Shandong support Beichuan County, Jilin support Pingwu Xian, Henan support Jiangyou City, Guangdong support Wenchuan County, Fujian support arguments County, Tianjin support Maoxian, support Songpan County, Anhui, Jiangxi support Xiaojin Xian, Guangxi support Heishui County , Support Qingchuan Xian, Zhejiang, Hubei support Hanyuan Xian, Hainan support Baoxing Xian. At the same time, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of Gansu and Shaanxi to support the disaster areas have also done a detailed arrangements. Identified in Beijing, Tianjin, Sichuan in to support the counties of the disaster at the same time, Beijing also to support Longnan City, Tianjin City to support Gannan. No commitment to support the task of Guizhou, Tibet, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and other six provinces (autonomous regions and the Corps) to receive donations of the key used to support the victims in disaster areas in Shaanxi living arrangements and reconstruction.Wenchuan the moving deeds of the earthquake: If you can live, we must remember that I love you Mother physically Huzhu baby, were rescued when the baby is still asleep. This is a widely circulated Internet message, an unknown name of the mother, on the back with their own weak to withstand the collapse of the Hong Ran housing, with the warm embrace of love Sleeping baby, she left the children is testament to the last sentence: Dear Baby, if you can live, we must remember that I love you! The rescue team found the mother, she has been the landslide crushed the house. End cleaning up rubble, people found her body lying under her children. The children were carefully wrapped in a yellow flower Hongdi the yard was small, probably three or four months, was found Haofa not injured, quietly sleeping. Rescue doctors ready to untie quilts for children to do inspections, found a cell phone Cypriots in the yard. See a doctor has written message: Dear Baby, if you can live, we must remember that I love you. Convey the phone at the scene, each message to see the tears of the people. Dear, we Sang Sang stubbornly together, Bulibuqi, Zhisibuyu. This is when many couples in love-general of the oath, Wenchuan in the earthquake, this sentence in an ordinary man, who was the most authentic expression. Wenchuan to help the town pool at the scene of a disaster, the earthquake relief staff found a couple to the victims: a boulder, a middle-aged man with arch Pa posture, under the protection of the body of a middle-aged woman, and women were closely To cling to men, their bodies have been unable to separate, but together Rulian. May 12 afternoon, the incoming earthquake suddenly, a world time change, to help pool the mountains around the town of 10,000 air-wear, the size stones like blasting down on the next, then a woman screaming scared screaming, next to the A middle-aged man holding her tightly, their Beichao flying stones in the direction Huzhuo woman ran forward. But how far did not run, a house-sized boulder Zazhong the men and women will also join immediately overwhelmed. A few days later, rushe