福建省德化县第三中学初中英语 语法复习 虚拟语气.doc

语法复习 虚拟语气在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:从 句主 句与现在事实相反主语+动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）主语+would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形与过去事实相反主语+had + 过去分词 主语+ would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反 主语+动词过去式，/should + 动词原形，/were to + 动词原形主语+would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: if my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿, 一切都没问题了。2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: if you had taken my advice，you wouldnt (couldnt) have failed in the exam. 如果接受我的建议，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: if it were sunday tomorrow, i should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就去看望我奶奶。if it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如: if you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在) 5、省略连词if的倒装。如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: should he come (if he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。were i you (if i were you), i would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。三用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语或副词等来表示。如：without,but for.,but, otherwise等。如: without air (if there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。but for your help (if it hadnt been for your help) i couldnt have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。i was busy that day. otherwise i would have gone there with them. (if i hadnt been busy that day, i would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就)。i would have finished the work, but i have been ill. (if i hadnt been ill, i would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成)四表示与事实相反或者无法实现的愿望。if only 过去式（与现在事实相反）wish + 主语+ 过去完成时（与过去事实相反）would rather would十动词原形（表示对将来的主观愿望）as if如:if only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)i wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；i wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻来。i would rather i hadnot told you about it. 我宁愿没有告诉你这件事。he treated me as if i were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。she talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么as if引导的方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。五在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire，urge等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。i demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。he suggests that young people be sent to the place where they are most needed. 但是，suggest如果表示“暗示”，“表明”之意时，不能用虚拟语气。如：her tired look suggested that she had been working for a long time.my father insisted that we go to the seaside for the holiday.但是，insist如果表示“坚持说” 之意时，不能用虚拟语气。如：he insisted that he hadnt done anything wrong.六虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在it is time (that) 句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是该干某事的时候了。如: its (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。七、虚拟语气的其他用法虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在it is important (strange，natural，necessary)that这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构，（should）可以省略，表示某事是重要、奇怪、自然、必要等意义。如: it is important that