SENTENCE TYPES 2.doc

教 案200 200 学年第 学期系 英语师范系教研室(组)课 程 名 称商务英语写作授 课 年 级06级授 课 教 师郑妤娟职 称 讲师四川外语学院成都学院教务处制二 八 年 八月教 案（首页）课程名称写作授课专业英语班级授课方式课堂讲授（ ） 实践课（ ）考核方式考试（ ） 考查（ ）课程类别 必修课公共必修课（ ） 专业必修课（ ）选修课公共选修课（ ） 专业限选课（ ） 专业任选课（ ）课程总学时36周学时2学时分配课堂讲授 学时；实践课 学时教 学目 标在英语专业基础知识和基本技能方面已经得到强化和提高的基础上，使学生了解经贸英语函电的英语知识和有关经贸业务知识，对学生进行严格的阅读、翻译、写作等基本技能训练，培养学生实际运用语言的能力和独立工作能力。学生通过本课程的学习和训练，理解并掌握经贸英语函电的基本词汇、基本句型和基本格式，对经贸成交过程及其中各个环节特点有所了解，能草拟和阅读一般经贸业务文、电。使用教材教材名称商务英语写作编（著）者胡英坤， 车丽娟出版社及出版时间外研社2005指定参考书国际商务写作教程，王素清，对外经济贸易大学出版社。商务英语写作教程，王晓英，东南大学出版社。 教 案周 次第 周，第 次课授课时间年 月 日授课章节本（章）节授课方式课堂讲授（ ） 实践课（ ）教学时数授课要点本 （章） 节 教 学 目 标教 学 重 点 和 难 点思考题或作 业教学内容与组织安排Sentence Types ()Loose, and Periodic Sentenceso A. She decided to study English though she was interested in music.B. Although she was interested in music, she finally decided to study English.o A. You cannot make great progress in English without good study habits.B. Without good study habits, you cannot make great progress in English.o Translated terms: o loose sentence: 松句英语修辞p,44；松散句大学英语1993年第1期p.92；松句英汉大词典p.1053。o Periodic sentence: 掉尾句英语修辞p,45; 掉尾句大学英语1993年第1期p.92；尾重句，圆周句英汉大词典p.1348。o The popular translated terms are :loose sentence松散句Periodic sentence掉尾句o 1. He was an inch, perhaps two, under six feet, powerfully built, and he advanced straight at you with a slight stoop of the shoulders, head forward, and a fixed-from-under stare which made you think of a charging bull. His voice was deep, loud, and his manner displayed a kind of dogged self-assertion which had nothing aggressive in it. It seemed a necessity, and it was directed apparently as much at himself as at anybody else. He was spotlessly neat, appareled in immaculate white from shoes to hat, and in the various Eastern ports where he got his living as ship-chandlers water-clerk he was very popular.The difference between the two types of sentenceso Loose sentences are easier, simpler, more natural and direct; periodic sentences are more complex, emphatic, formal, or literary.Parallel Sentenceso When a sentence contains two or more parts of the same form and grammatical function, it is one with parallel construction:o Let us be ruthless in our criticism, cruel to personal vanities, indifferent to age, rank or experience if these stand in our way. -Norman Berthuneo It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done.o 人不能生活在回忆当中，不能生活在对美好往昔的怀念或对去世的友人的哀念之中。一个人应当把心思放在未来，放到需要自己去做点什么的事情上。 o Such parallel sentences are emphatic and forceful. When a sentence contains two parallel clauses similar in structure but contrasted in meaning, it is a balanced sentence.o 对偶句是一种重要的修辞方法:就是把结构相同、意义相关的两个句子或词组对称地排列在一起的一种修辞方式。对偶句形式工整、匀称并节奏鲜明，音调和谐，便于记忆和传诵；对偶句前后呼应，互相映衬，对比鲜明，语言凝炼，能增强语言的表现力，使读者留下深刻的印象。o On hearing the news, he was angered, and I was saddened.o In Platos opinion man was made for philosophy; in Bacons opinion philosophy was made for man.o The President wanted an increase in taxes to reduce the national debt; the Congress wanted a reduction in taxes to stimulate business. o 在美国英语中politician这个词往往有很强烈的贬义色彩，引起别人的蔑视。它指为谋取个人私利而搞政治、耍手腕的人。这个词还有“精明圆滑的人”（smoothoperator）之意，指一个人做事或说话时，信心十足，非常老练。汉语“政治家”这个词应译为statesman，在英国英语和美国英语中都很贴切，statesman主要表示善于管理国家的明智之士；人们通常把有威望的高级政府官员称为statesman。 Short and Long Sentenceo Our city is on the threshold of a great era. Of this we can be sure. We must be willing to workand to spend in order to fulfill the promise of the future. We need a large police force for public protection. We need a modernized fire department. We need an enlarged library. We need to improve our water supply. For all these needs there is but one solution. We must see that the bond issue is approved by the voters in the November election.Thus, good sentences are more than grammatically correct. They are varied in length, in word order, and in their rhetorical patterns. As you read essays, consider the sentence structure of each selection. And as you write your own essays, apply the techniques for attaining sentence variety that we have discussed.Effective Sentenceso Unityo Coherenceo Concisenesso Emphasiso VarietyUnity (p.54)o Example: “I got up early. Mom told me that there was always traffic jam and our car was a little bit too old and we need buy a new one”.o Mom told me that there was always traffic jam, and as our car was a bit old and couldnt run fast，wed better start earlier.”Coherence（连贯性）Exercises: The following sentences are not unified or coherent. Please improve them.o Bernard Shaw was one of the best-known playwrights.o I read the novel on the train, which did not interest me at all.o Tell Mary, if she is at home, I will come to visit her.o The children promised to be careful and that they would return home early.o If interested in painting, a course can be taken at the evening school.o I read an interesting story in a magazine about sportsman.o The idea he mentioned at first sounded good.o Students should learn to analyze and solve problems independently. Dont rely on your teachers help.o Those who wish to take Linguistics are expected to sigh his name on this sheet of paper.o She reviewed the lesson taught last week and all the exercises assigned by the teacher were done. Concisenesso redundancieso needless repetitiono roundabout phraseso Avoid saying the same thing twice. o Avoid unnecessary initial it and there o Reduce Clauses to Phrases, Phrases to Single Words.o at all times _alwayso at the