七年级上英语期末复习重点句型.doc

七年级英语期末复习【本讲主要内容】期末复习本课我们会对七年级上所学过的内容进行回顾。会把重点的词汇和语法进行重新地讲解与复习，希望大家通过本课的讲解，能够对这一册书的内容进行宏观地把握与理解，能够把以前所学的知识穿成一条线，对于期末考试以及三年后的中考有所指导。同时，我们会比较侧重的在阅读方面给大家进行一些方法的讲授，使大家能够掌握一些做阅读理解的技巧。【知识掌握】【知识点精析】【词汇用法】1. and, or, but在本书中，我们重点涉及的是这三个连词。它们都是连接两个或以上的并列成分。但用法不同。and表示的意思是“和”，表示前后关系的并列。例如：I like English and Chinese. 同时，and 还有另外一种用法需要注意：英语里常常使用连词and把两个组成部分连接起来而构成一个整体，这时所致的就不是两样东西了，而是一件完整的东西。例如：bread and butter指的是“涂了黄油的面包”而不是“面包和黄油”。 or 的意思是“或者、要不然、否则”，表示前后关系的并列或选择。例如：He isnt a doctor or a teacher. Lets hurry up, or well be late for the train. but 的意思是“但是”，表示前后成分之间的转折。如：I like English, but I dont like Chinese. 2. get to / reach/ arrive这三个词都表示“到达”，但是所搭配的介词有所不同。get 搭配介词to，arrive 后面要跟的是in 或at, 随着地点的大小而决定用at还是in, reach 后面不加任何介词。例如：I will get to Beijing at 10:00. I will arrive in Beijing at 10:00. I will reach Beijing at 10:00. 以上三句话所表达的意思都是我会十点钟到北京。值得注意的是reach除了“到达”的意思以外，还有一个意思是“接触得到”。例如：Im not tall, so I cant reach the apple on the tree. 3. like to do / like doing这两个词组都表示的是“喜欢做”，现在的用法区分不是很明显，可以通用。但如果细分的话，like to do 表示“瞬间或不长久的爱好”，而like doing表示“自己的长期的爱好”。例如：I like playing basketball, but I dont like to play it today. 4. lots of/ a lot of/ many/ much以上的词表示的意思都是“许多”，但是many 用来修饰可数名词，much 只能修饰不可数名词，lots of 和a lot of 既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。5. can / may / must这三个词都是情态动词，在用法上的区别是：can既可以表示能力，也可以用来请求对方做某事或得到别人的许可。例如：Can you speak English? （询问能力） Can I play the piano with you? （请求得到别人的许可）在答语上，第一句的回答应为：Yes, I can. / No, I cant. 而第二句的答语则可以为：Yes, you can./ No, you cant. 也可以为：OK. / All right. may 表达的意思也是请求，希望得到别人的许可。但是它的语气非常委婉，而且礼貌。在这种情况下，它的用法与can/ could 一致，但是要比can的语气委婉礼貌。例如：May/ Can/ Could I have a look at your new watch?在答语方面：肯定答语可以为：Yes, you may. / can./ OK. / Certainly否定答语为：No, you cant. / mustnt. 值得注意的是could 一般不用于答语中，而否定句中也没有may not的形式。must 表示“必须”的意思，在这种句式出现时，肯定答语要用must, 而否定答语中则用“neednt”。例如：Must I get up early tomorrow? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 6. at / on / in 表示时间这三个介词平时比较多地用来表示时间，具体用法如下：at表示具体某一时刻或点钟，例如：at noon/ midnight/ night/ present at 7:00on 表示在具体的某一天，不管是什么时候，只要出现具体的一天，就都要用on。例如：on Sunday afternoon on May 1st on a storming night in 表示泛指的上午/下午/晚上，也表示在洲、月、季节、年等范围比较大的时间内。 例如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening in May/ the week/ 2008/ summer7. thanks for/ thank you for 这两个词组表示的意思是“因为而感谢”，后面可以直接跟名词或名词短语，如果要跟动词的话，就要接动词的ing形式。例如：Thank you for your help. （help是名词） Thank you for helping me. （这里的help是动词）【语法的重点难点】 1. 人称代词与物主代词 在本书中，我们出现了大量的人称代词和物主代词，在这里我们做详解。 代替人或事物的代词叫做人称代词。人称代词有主格、宾格，单数、复数以及第三人称单数的变化。第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格主格宾格主格宾格主格宾格主格宾格Imeweusyouyouyouyouhesheithimherittheythem人称代词在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语。They are playing games. （主语） The teacher gave her some advice. （宾语）Whos the boy in the picture? Its me. （表语）表示事物所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词可以分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两类。第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性名词性形容词性名词性形容词性名词性myourmineoursyouryouryoursyourshisherItstheirhishersitstheirs形容词性物主代词在句子中起形容词的作用，修饰名词，做定语。Where is your dictionary?My father is a teacher. 名词性物主代词在句子中起名词的作用，可做主语、宾语和表语。Our English teacher is tall and thin. But theirs is short and fat. （主语）Is this book yours? （表语）My bike is broken. May I use yours? （宾语）注意：双重所有格的形式要用 “of+名词性物主代词” 来表示。A friend of mine came to see me last Sunday. 2. 名词在本书中，我们还见到了许多的名词，它们的用法到底是怎么样的呢？名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念等的词。如：girl, city, milk, Henry, London, China名词的特征：1）大部分有复数的变化形式：There are many trees in the forest. 2）与冠词或其他限定词连用：The tree is very tall. Some girls like English very much. 3）有固定的语序。在陈述句中，名词作主语时一般位于谓语动词之前，作宾语时一般位于谓语动词之后。名词的规则复数形式：构成方法例词在词尾加 -sdeskdesks dogdogs在以 s, z, ch, sh. 结尾的名词之后加 es如词尾为e, 只加-sclassclasses dishdishesHorsehorses如词尾为f或fe,则一般变为-vesleafleaves thiefthieves以辅音+y结尾的名词，变y为i再加-espartyparties familyfamilies以辅音+o结尾的名词，加-esheroheroes tomatotomatoes以元音+o结尾的名词，加-sradioradios zoozoos以th结尾的名词，加-sbathbaths monthmonths有些以辅音+o结尾的名词仍加 s （外来词或缩略词）memomemos kilo-kilos photophotos pianopianos名词的不规则复数形式构成方法例词变内部元音footfeet manmenmousemice toothteeth词尾加-enchildchildren oxoxen形式不变deerdeer sheepsheep不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。物质名词可借助单位词表一定的数量a glass of water a cup of tea a cake of soap a bottle of milk a piece of papera tin of pork名词的所有格：名词的所有格表示所有等关系，它有两种不同的形式：一是由名词词尾加s 构成（有-s或-es的复形名词末尾只加 “ ”）; 二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多用来表示有生命的东西；后者多用来表示无生命的东西。The boys mother.The two boys mother.The rocket of the space shuttle.3. how 引导的特殊疑问句 在七年上中，以how引导的特殊疑问句有如下几种： How much/ many 表示“询问多少”，how much 用来修饰不可数名词，例如：How much are these pants? How many 用来修饰可数名词，例如：How many students are there in your class? How old ? 用来询问年龄。例如：How old is your sister? How are you？的意思是你好吗？在今后的学习中我们还会见到以下的句式:How long 多久、多长时间How far 多远How often 多长时间一次4. wh- 型的特殊疑问句 what 什么what time 几点，通常询问具体点钟 when 什么时候，通常询问其它时间 which 哪个 where 哪里 why 为什么5. 一般现在时 在本书中，我们所接触的时态是一般现在时。它主要的变化就是在主语是第三人称单数时动词的变化在词尾加-s或以辅音字母+y结尾时变y为i加-es或以-o,-s,-x, -ch, -sh结尾时在词尾加-es。其他人称时动词用原形。Be 动词的变化形式是am, is, are。表示习惯的、永久性的或反复发生的动作或表示能力、特征或状态。例如：She always takes a walk in the evening. She loves music. 一般现在时的结构为：肯定句：主语+ 动词+ 其他否定句：主语+ dont/ doesnt + 动词原形 + 其他一般疑问句：Do / Does + 主语 + 动词原形 +其它？ 答语为：Yes, 主语+do/ does. No, 主语 + dont/ doesnt. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + do/ does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它？当句子中的动词为be 动词时，句式的变化以be 动词的变化为主。【功能用语及拓展】 Target language：Unit 1 Introduce yourself, Greet People（介绍自己，问候他人，询问和给出电话号码）1. A: Whats your name? B: My names Jenny.2. Im Gina. Nice to meet you.3. A: Hello, Im Mary. B: Hi, Mary. Im Jim.4. A: Excuse me, are you Mark? B: Yes, I am.5. A: Whats your phone number? B: Its 278-7928.Unit 2 Identify ownership（确认物主关系）1. A: Is this your pencil? B: Yes, it is. Its my pencil.2. A: Is this your ruler? B: No, it isnt. Its her ruler.3. A: Whats this in English? B: Its an eraser.4. A: How do you spell pen? B: P-E-N.5. Im looking for my watch.6. Heres your baseball.7. Please call Mary at 235-0285.Unit 3 Introduce people; Identify people（介绍他人,确认人物）1. Thats my sister.2. Those are his brothers.3. A: Is this Jeff? B: No, it isnt. Its Dave.4. My friends are Alice and Peter.5. Thanks for the great photo of your family.Unit 4 Talk about where things are（谈论物品的位置）1. A: Wheres my backpack. B: Its under the table.2. A: Where are the keys? B: Theyre on the dresser.3. A: Wheres the ruler? B: I dont know.4. I need some things for class this afternoon.Unit 5 Talk about ownership; Make suggestions（谈论物主关系，提出建议）1. A: Do you have a baseball? B: Yes, I do. / No, I dont.2. A: Does he have a soccer ball? B: Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.3. Lets play computer games.4. That sounds interesting / boring / fun.5. He doesnt play sports.6. She plays sports every day.Unit 6 Talk about likes and dislikes（谈论好恶）1. A: Do you like salad? B: Yes, I do. /No, I dont.2. I like salad. I dont like French fries.3. A: Does he like hamburgers? B: Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.4. She likes ice cream. She doesnt like bananas.5. How about broccoli?Unit 7 Ask about prices; Thank someone（谈论购物与价格）1. A: How much is this / that T-shirt? B: Its seven dollars.2. A: How much are these / those socks? B: Theyre two dollars.3. Ill take those.4. A: Thank you. B: You are welcome.Unit 8 Talk about dates（谈论日期）1. A: When is your birthday? B: My birthday is October tenth.2. A: Can you help me fill in the calendar? B: Sure.3. A: How old are you? B: Im fifteen.Unit 9 Talk about preferences; Make plans（谈论喜好与定计划）1. A: Do you want to go to a movie? B: Yes, I do. I want to see a comedy.2. A: Do you want to go to an action movie? B: No. I dont like action movies.3. A: What kind of movies do you like? B: I like romances and comedies. I dont like thrillers.4. Romances are sad. Action movies are exciting.5. I like comedies, because theyre funny.6. I dont like thrillerstheyre scary.7. My father and I like it a lot.Unit 10 Talk about abilities（谈论能力与活动）1. A: Can you paint? B: Yes, I can. / No, I cant.2. I want to join the music club.3. A: What club do you want to join? B: I want to join the chess club.4. A: What can you do? B: I can play the guitar.5. Maybe you can be in our school concert.Unit 11 Talk about routines; Ask about time（谈论日常活动与时间安排）1. A: What time do you usually get up, Rick? B: I usually get up at five oclock.2. A: You have a big family, dont you, Rick? B: Yes, I have two brothers and two sisters.3. A: How many showers do you have? B: We only have one shower.4. A: What time is it? B: Its eight thirty.5. A: When do you usually go to bed? B: I usually go to bed at ten oclock.Unit 12 Talk about preferences; Give reasons（谈论喜好与理由）1. A: Whats your favorite subject? B: My favorite subject is science.2. A: Why do you like P.E? B: Because its fun.3. A: Who is your science teacher? B: My science teacher is Mr. Baldwin.4. A: When do you have math? B: I have math on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.5. I dont like history. Its boring.道歉Sorry.Im sorry.Thats OK.Thats all right.Its doesnt matter.道谢Thanks a lot.Thank you very much.Thats all right.Youre welcome.Its my pleasure.告别Good bye!Bye-bye!See you soon/ tomorrow /later!【考点突破】【考点指要】 阅读对于学生来说是一种非常重要的英语学习技能。大量的阅读还可以促进英语的听、说、读、写的能力。新的英语课程标准对于初中阶段的英语学习也提出了较高的要求，要求学生在中学阶段课外阅读量每年要达到10万字，因此掌握一定的阅读技巧对于提高学习成绩有着至关重要的作用。下面我们就从阅读理解的主要题型与阅读理解的解题技巧两个方面对大家进行讲解，希望会对同学们有所帮助。 目前的阅读理解的题型主要是以下几种：1. 事实题。也就是把文中的事实提炼出来询问学生，这类题比较简单，只要学生看清题意、细心、找到所问问题的正确位置就可以找到答案。2. 推理判断题，这类题要求就比较高，需要学生能够理解文章和作者的意图，做出正确的判断。在做这方面的题时，千万不要把自己的意志放到文章中妄加揣测。3. 数据题。这类题主要考的是学生的综合能力，需要把题目要求的文中出现的所有数据相加或相减进行正确的运算，从而答出正确的答案。4. 概括大意题。这类题主要考查学生对文章的主旨的理解，对学生的要求较高。这类题的主要一些问法为：The passage is mainly about_Whats the main idea about this passage?The writer just wants to tell us_What do you think is the best title to the article?在做这类题时，最好的方式就是先找到每一段的主旨句，然后归纳整篇文章的大意。而每一段的主旨句往往就是这一段的第一句话或者是最后一句话。在此，我们所向你推荐的一些方法如下：1. 多读。平时最好每天做一篇阅读理解，增加自己的阅读积累，俗话说“熟能生巧”，做得多了，能力自然也就强了。当然，随着自给能力的提高，还可以多读一些英文的简易读本，使自己的综合能力进行提升。2. 先看题目要求，看清楚题目要求，带着问题进行阅读，往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。3. 整体把握文章。一定不要把词一个个割裂开进行阅读，而要把词放在句中、把句子放在段落中、把段落放在文章中进行理解。4. 善于抓住文章的主旨句和关键句。5. 做完后，一定要把选项放到原文中进行对比，看看是不是符合题意，有无矛盾。在文中如果遇到生词时，我们不主张一见到生词就赶紧查字典，而主张大家根据上下文的意思来猜测词义。 例如：Dont blame him. It wasnt his fault. 通过后半句“那不是他的错”我们可以猜出来blame的意思为“责备、责怪” Next time you want to play hide-and-seek（捉迷藏），dont hide in the letterbox. 我们知道他们正在玩儿捉迷藏，所以推断出hide的意思应为“躲藏”希望你通过以上方法的介绍，能够在阅读方面取得较好的成绩，当然最主要的还是你自己的努力与持之以恒。【典型例题分析】阅读理解（每小题2分）阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容选择最佳答案。Mary and Peter were having a picnic with some friends near a fiver when Mary shouted, “Look! Thats a spaceship up there and its going to land here.”Frightened by the strange spaceship, all the young people got into their cars and drove away as quickly as possible except Peter and Mary. They were more curious（好奇的）than frightened. They watched the spaceship land and saw a door open, but nobody came out, so they went to look into it. In the center of the floor, there was a lot of food. Peter followed Mary into the spaceship and did not hear the door close behind him. The temperature fell in no time and very soon the two young people didnt know anything.When they came to, they were surprised to see that they were back by the river again. The spaceship had gone. Their car was nearby.“What happened?” asked Mary.Peter scratched his head, saying slowly, “Dont ask me. Perhaps we had a problem. Come on. Its time to go home.”After driving about fifty metres, they found a thick wall made of something like glass stood in their way. On the other side of the wall, a few strange aliens were looking through the wall and reading a notice which, translated into English, said: “New comers at the zoo: a pair of earth villagers in their field with their house on wheels.” 51. Which of the following is true?A. It was Peter who saw the spaceship first.B. The spaceship landed on the fiver.C. All the young people went for the picnic by car.D. When Peter went into the spaceship, Mary followed him. 52. What happened after Mary and Peter entered the spaceship?A. They were asked to eat much food.B. The temperature went up.C. Someone they couldnt see knocked them down.D. The spaceship flew away with them and part of the field. 53. What can we learn from the end of the story?A. Peter and Mary became villagers.B. Peter and Mary were in another planet.C. Peter and Mary went back home.D. Peter and Mary visited the zoo. 54. The underlined part “house on wheels” means “_” in this story.A. carB. spaceC. wallD. zoo（2005年广州市中考英语试卷）答案：51. C52. D53. B54. A解析：51. C 考查学生分析归纳能力。从all the young people got into their cars ,可知答案应该是C。52. D 考查学生分析，理解能力。从最后一个自然段获知，飞船在他们失去知觉后带着他们和部分陆地飞走了，经过分析答案应该是D。53. B 考查学生分析，归纳和理解能力。从“New comers at the zoo: a pair of earth villagers in their field with their house on wheels.”这句获知他们在另一个星球之上，答案应该是B。54. A 考查学生分析能力。综合所给信息，可以推断出答案应该是A。【综合测试】I. 单项选择（ ）1. This is not my pen. Its _ pen. A. hers B. she C. her D. he（ ）2. Lets _ basketball together. A. to play B. play C. playing D. play the （ ）3. How many _ and how much _ can I take for my dinner?A. meat, water B. orange，oranges C. apples, meat D. bread, apples（ ）4. My uncle leaves for Shanghai _ the morning _ Oct 28th. A. on, ofB. in, of C. on, in D. in, in（ ）5. Do you want _ to a movie? A. go B. to go C. going D. see（ ）6. Mary is very good at _ the piano. A. play B. to playC. playingD. plays（ ）7. Thanks a lot _ me so much. A. to help B. for help C. helping D. for helping （ ）8. I dont like math because its _. A. difficult B. interesting C. exciting D. relaxing （ ）9. Toms favorite sport is _. A. play soccer B. singing C. TV D. playing soccer（ ）10. Can you _ Japanese? Yes, I can. But only _. A. say, little B. speak, a little C. talk, little D. speak, little（ ）11. One of the boys _ out of the window. A. look B. is look C. is looking D. are looking（ ）12. I have a ruler, _ its too short. A. and B. but C. so D. or（ ）13. September is _ of the year. A. the ninth month B. the nineth month C. nineth month D. ninth month （ ）14. We have Chinese _ Friday. A. on B. in C. at D. of （ ）15. Mr Cooper teaches _ English and we all like _ very much. A. us，his B. our，his C. us，him D. our，himII. 请用方框中词的正确形式填空。（有一个词是多余的） read make take listen watch play1. He _ a shower and makes his breakfast. 2. She often _ TV after supper. 3. Can you _ the guitar?4. Do you want _ the book?5. Our teachers are all strict and they often _ us very tired. III. 交际用语A: Hi, Tom. May I 1 you some questions?B: Sure.A: Whats your favorite 2 ?B: July. Its very hot and I can swim. I like swimming very much.A: Whats your favorite subject?B: English. Its interesting. Our English teacher often tells us stories in class.A: 3 you like music?B: Yes, I do. And my favorite singer is Jay Chow. I can sing most of 4 songs.A: 5_ you very much.B: You are welcome.IV. 完形填空“Miss Brown, will you tell us something （1） spaceships（宇宙飞船）?” asked Tom. “Do men eat （2） drink in a spaceship?”“ （3） , they do.” said Miss Brown, the teacher. “Do they eat bread?”“Yes,” said Miss Brown. “There （4） much water in our bread, but there is very little in theirs.” “ （5） they have water in the spaceship?” “Certainly, but only a little,” said Miss Brown. “ A man （6） water. But the men in the spaceship dont take it from a glass. They drink it from a hole（洞、孔）in a bottle. The first men on the moon had heavy（沉重的） clothes on. Every coat （7） seven kilos（公斤） on the moon.” “ （8） heavy is the coat on the earth（地球）?”asked Bill.“Its forty-two kilos.”“Oh!” said John.“On the earth everything （9） six times as heavy as it is on the moon ,”said the teacher. “You will find （10）things different from the earth when you read books about the spaceship.”（ ） 1. A. of B. about C. in D. on（ ） 2. A. and B. or C. / D. with（ ） 3. A. No B. Not C. Yes D. OK（ ） 4. A. are B. is C. was D. were（ ） 5. A. Is B. Are C. Does D. Do（ ） 6. A. have B. had C. needs D. need（ ） 7. A. was B. were C. are D. is（ ） 8. A. What B. How C. Which D. Why（ ） 9. A. is B. are C. was D. were（ ）10. A. much B. lot of C. a lot of D. a lot V. 阅读理解ADear John, Nov. 25th, 2002Thanks for the great photo of your family. Here is my family photo. The man under the tree is my father Henry Clinton. He enjoys a great sports collection. He has fifteen soccer balls, twenty-four baseballs, four baseball bats, six tennis rackets and thirteen basketballs. Can you believe it? He is thirty-nine years old now and is always busy. He doesnt lik