中考英语 专题复习定语从句课件.pptVIP

定语 用于修饰名词或代词 heisacleverboy 他是一个聪明的男孩 heisaphysicsteacher 他是一个物理老师 australiaisanenglish speakingcountry 澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家 定语从句 定语从句 由一个句子充当定语 即在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 定语从句的位置 在修饰名词或代词后 先行词 引导词 引导定语从句的词关系代词who whom whose which that as关系副词when where why 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词 e g thisisthecarwhichheboughtlastyear 先行词 定语从句 引导词的作用 1 引导定语从句 2 在从句中作一成分 3 代替先行词在从句中的位置 关系代词 apple theredthegreenthesmallthebig theapplewhichisredismine theapplewhichisgreenisyours theapplewhichisredissmall theapplewhichisgreenisbig 指人 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指物 既指人也指物 whothat whomwhothat whose thatwhich thatwhich whose that that whose 作表语 that that that 关系代词的指代关系 whose指物时 可以与ofwhich调换 关系代词作宾语可省略 引导定语从句关系代词的用法 1 aplaneisamachinethat whichcanfly 2 thenoodlesthat whichicookedweredelicious 3 let saskthemanthat whoisreadingthebookoverthere 4 thegirlwhom who thatwesawyesterdayisjim ssister 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 指人whom who that都可作宾语 whom为最好选择 5 that sthemanwhosehousewasburneddown 定语 3 thehouse theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake fillintheblankswithwho whom that whichorwhose 1 theearthquake hitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinamericanhistory 2 wedon tknowthenumberofpeople losttheirhomesin1906earthquake that which that who which that 6 harryistheboy motherisourmathsteacher 4 ahouse isbuiltonsandmayfalldowninaearthquake 5 luckilynoneofthepeople iknowwerekilledintheearthquake which that who whom that whose that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 但在下列情况下 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词 1 先行词是不定代词all no none everyone something much little等或被不定代词所修饰iamsureshehassomething that youcanborrow note 2 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 a thisisthefirstbook that hehasread b sheisthemostbeautifulgirl that ihaveeverseen 注意 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可以用whoanymanthat whohasasenseofdutywon tdosuchathing thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim theoldcaristheonlything that heowned thisisthesamebook that ilentyouyesterday 3 先行词被theonly thevery thesame thelast修饰时 正是 thesame that 同一thesame as 同样 4 先行词中指人又指物 5 若主句中有疑问代词which whata whoisthemanthatisstandingthere b whichisthet shirtthatfitsmemost c whatthatisonthetablebelongstoyou 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可以用whowanghuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting 补充 若主句中有疑问代词who 指人 用that引导 6 关系代词在定语从句作表语时sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasbeforeshewenttotheuniversity 7 在therebe句型中thereisabookthatisonthetable thereisagirlwhoismysister therebe句型中 先行词是人 关系代词用who 是物用that 8 句中有两个定语从句时 第一个的关系代词已用了who或which 第二个定语从句的关系代词用that ourenglishteacheristhemanwhoistalkingwiththegirlthatisinred 1 i vereadallthebookswhichiborrowedfromthelibrary which that或去掉which 当先行词被all every no some any little等修饰时 常用that引导定语从句 2 thisisthebestfilmwhichihaveeverseen which that或去掉which 当先行词被序数词 形容词的最高级或theonly thevery等所修饰时 常用that引导定语从句 3 myfatherandmr smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry 如果先行词既指人又指物时 常用that引导定语从句 that 4 everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest 当先行词为something anything everything nothing all等时 常由that引导定语从句 which that或去掉which 1 theman isawtoldmetowait 2 themanto ispokewasaforeigner 3 iknowaboy fatherisanacrobat 杂技演员 4 hesawahouse windowswereallbroken fillintheblankswithwho whom whose whichandthat who whom whose whose 指人时 一定要用 who 的 先行词为those等不定代词anyonewhodoesn tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam 主句为 therebe 句型there sastudentwhoisfrombeijing 人称代词 he me we等hewhohasneverbeentothegreatwallisnotatrueman 非限制性定语从句中用who不用thattom sbrother wholivesinlondon isanengineer note 先行词后有一个较长的句子成分imetaforeignerinthecitylastweekwhocouldspeakchinesewell 1 thisisall iknowaboutthematter a thatb whatc whod whether2isthereanythingelse yourequire a whichb thatc whod what3 thelastplace wevisitedwasthegreatwall a whichb thatc whered it a b b 4 hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks interestedhimgreatlyintheschool a whichb thatc itd whom5 thereisnodictionary youcanfindeverything a thatb whichc whered inthat6 thisisoneofthebestbooks a thathaveeverbeenwrittenb thathaseverbeenwrittenc thathaswrittend thathavewritten b a a 不用that的场合如下 1 非限制性定语从句中lastnight isawaverygoodfilm whichwasaboutthelongmarch 2 介词放在关系代词之前时thisisthemanfromwhomilearntthenews3 句中出现了that 或先行词是that时ihavefoundthatwhichiwaslookingfor 7 hewrotealettertome tellingmeeverything hesawonthewaytotheparis a whatb thatc whichd where8 isoxygentheonlygas helpsfireburn a thatb c whichd it9 isthereanything toyou a thatisbelongedb thatbelongsc whichbelongsd thatbelong10 thescientistandhisachievements youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall a whichb thatc whod whose11 whichofthebooks wereborrowedfromhimisthebest a whichb whatc thatd whose b a b b c 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句先行词 物 介词 which人 whom物 人 whose n theroominwhichthereisamachineisworkshop themanwithwhomitalkedjustnowismymathsteacher thisisthebossinwhosefactorymyfatherworks 注意 1 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 关键是判断介词的选择 看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词 习惯搭配 先行词放在从句中需不需要添介词 通过整个句子整体含义来判断2 whom which作介词宾语时 介词一般可放在which之前 也可放在从句原来的位置上 在含有介词的动词固定词组中 介词只能放在原来的位置上 1 doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding thereisawell a infrontofitb infrontofwhosec infrontofwhichd infrontwhich2 thewoman mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher whob towhomc towhodwhom3 hisglasses hewaslikeablindman felltothegroundandbroke a whichb withwhichc withoutwhichd that 4 ihaveboughttwoballpens writeswell a noneofwhichb neitherofwhichc noneofthemd neitherofthem5 thesecondworldwar millionsofpeoplewerekilledwasin1945 a duringwhichb inthatc whered onwhich 6 theyheldameeting whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech 7 thebook whichhepaid6yuan isworthreading 8 isthistheman whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredtv at for in 9 wudong whomiwenttotheconcert enjoyeditverymuch 10 thestoriesaboutlongmarch whichthisisoneexample arewellwritten with of 注意 3 介词 关系代词前可有some any none all neither most each few等代词或数词helovedhisparentsdeeply bothofwhomareverykindtohim 2 thebookcontains20stories 8ofwhichareaboutleifeng 3 ihavemanygoodfriends eachofwhomhelpedmealot 注意 fromwhere为介词 关系副词结构 但也可引导定语从句hehidbehindthedoor from hecouldseewhatwashappeningintheroom thereisalibrarynearmyhome from icanborrowmanybooks where which whose引导的定语从句应注意以下几点 1 whose引导定语从句 在从句中作定语其后应紧跟名词that sthechildwhosedrawingwelookedatjustnow 2 whose引导定语从句 其先行词可指人 也可指物isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease 4 whose的先行词指物时 可用ofwhich代替whose 指人不可whose n the n ofwhich ofwhich the n helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth helivesintheroom thewindowofwhichfacessouth 3 whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语 可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间tom onwhosebikeiwenttoschoolisafriendofmine 1 recentlyiboughtanancientchinesevase wasveryreasonable a whichpriceb thepriceofwhichc itspriced thepriceofwhose2 thedictionary ipaid80dollars wasstolen a whichb thatc forwhichd towhich3 grandmalianghastwosons aresoldiers a twoofwhomb whomc bothofwhomd oneofthem4 hearrivedhalfanhourlate madeusunhappy a thatb asb whatd which b c c d 关系副词when where why的用法 关系副词都等于一个适当的介词 which 在从句中作状语 when in at on which where in at on which why for which 作状语 关系副词when时间where地点why原因 1 thisisthefactory heworks 2 idon tknowthereason hewaslate 3 istillremembertheday imethim where why when inwhich forwhich onwhich thedayimethimfirstwasmay1st theyearicameherewas1998 thereasonhewaslatewasthathegotuplate when when forwhich onwhich inwhich why 关系代词和关系副词如何区别 1 取决于从句中的谓语动词 不及物动词后面无宾语 就必须用关系副词或介词 关系代词 而及物动词后接宾语 则要求用关系代词 2 要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定 或者说 假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语 宾语还是状语而定 1 thisisthemountainvillagewhereistayedlastyear 2 i llneverforgetthedayswheniworkedtogetherwithyou 3 i llneverforgetthedays which ispentinthecountryside 1 i llneverforgetthedays wespenttogetherinparis 2 i llrememberthedays westayedtogether 3 thisisthefactory wevisitedlastyear 4 thisisthehouse lincolnoncelived that which when that which where vt vi vt vi duringwhich inwhich 5 thereason hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime 6 thereason hegaveussoundedreasonable why that which 合理的 forwhich thisisthehouse ilivedinittwoyearsago thisisthehouse ilivedintwoyearsago thisisthehouse ilivedtwoyearsago thisisthehouse ilivedtwoyearsago that which inwhich where 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分 去掉它主句意思往往不明确 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明 去掉了也不会影响主句的意思 它与主句之间通常用逗号分开 1 thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth 限制性 2 thehouse whichweboughtlastmonth isverynice 非限制性 3 charlessmith whowasmyformerteacher retiredlastyear 非限制性 说明 1 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句 2 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句作宾语不可省略 1 weshouldlearnfromthose arealwaysreadytohelpothers a whob whomc theyd that2 mr herpinisoneoftheforeignexpertswho inchina a worksb isworkingc areworkingd hasbeenworking3 tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho toshanghai a havegoneb havebeenc hasbeend hadgone a c c 4 hehasleftforbeijing ameetingistobeheld a whenb wherec asd which5 thisistheveryplace i mwishingtolivein a whereb whichc thatd inwhich6 shewrotealettertoherfather shemadehersecretknown a whichb thatc inwhichd where7 oxygenisakindofgas wecouldn tlive a withoutitb withoutthatc withoutwhichd ifnot8 i yourgoodfriend willtrymybesttohelpyouout a whoisb whoamc thatisd whicham b c c c b 1 which和as都能引导限制性定语从句 指代主句的某一个词 在从句中充当主语或宾语 但as通常用在thesame as such as as as结构中iwillgiveyousuchthingsasyoumayneed thisisthesamewatchasilost thisisthesamewatchthatilost as 和 which 引导定语从句的区别 同一 同样 2 which和as都能引导非限制性定语从句 a asweexpected hepassedtheexam b hetookawaymyphoto whichmademeunhappy c thehouse whichtheybuilt2yearsago felldownintheearthquake 1 as引导非限制性定语从句时只能指代整个句子 而which既可指代前面整个句子 也可指代前面句子中的一个词或短语 3 as本身有 正如 正象 的含义 常用于asisannounced expected known reported said imagined shown 或asusuallyhappen asisoftenthecase asweknow等句型 2 as和which引导的非限制性定语从句指代整个主句 as引导的从句可放在主句之前 之后或中间 而which引导的从句只能放在句末 4 当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定结构时 只能用which引导hemadealongspeech aswasexpected hemadealongspeech whichwasnotexpected unexpected tomdrinksaloteveryday whichhiswifedoesn tlikeatall 1 wasnatural hemarriedjenny a whichb thatc thisd as2 suchsigns weuseintheexperiment greekletters a as areb as isc that ared that is3 ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky hedrankimmediately a thatb asc whichd who4 sheisverygoodatdance everybodyknows a thatb whichc whod as d a c d 5 itwasraining wasapity a whatb thatc thewhichd which6 hasbeensaidabove grammarisasetofdeadrules a whichb whatc thatd as7 wearereadingthesamebook theyare a whichb asc thatd like d d b 定语从句必须注意的特殊例子1 先行词为situation case stage point position关系词要用where inwhicheg canyouimagingthesituationwhere inwhichyoucanusetheword 2 先行词为way 关系词要用that inwhich或省略eg doyouknowtheway that inwhich heworkedtheproblem 3 定语从句的必须注意的两个句型 isthisschooltheonewevisitedthatyear isthistheschoolthatwevisitedthatyear heisoneofthestudentswhoarefromthesouth heisthe only oneofthestudentswhoisfromthesouth 区分定语从句与其相似句型 mr wuhastwosons andbothofthemarefondofplayinggolf 这里and连接的是并列句 不能用whom代替them 如去掉and 就必须用whom代替them成定语从句 itwaslastnightthattheterriblefirebrokeout 这里是 itwas 被强调部分 that 构成的强调句型 故连接词不用when 1a isthisthefactory youvisitedlastyear b isthisfactory youvisitedlastyear a thatb wherec inwhichd theone2 a mrsmithisoneofthoseforeignerswho workinginchina b mrsmithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho workinginchina a isb hasc haved are a d d a 3 a don tdiscussquestionssuch those b let sdiscus