2010中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下 Unit10.doc

新课标第一网不用注册，免费下载！2010中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下Unit 10Its a nice day, isnt it 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 look through 浏览get along 相信at least 少be careful 小心；当心hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事II. 重要句型1. Its a nice day，isnt it?2. What a nice day，isnt it?3. It looks like rain，doesnt?4. I hope so / not.5. So do I.III. 交际用语 询问天气IV. 重要语法反意疑问句【课文解析】1. last持续，为延续性动词，可与一段时间及How long 连用 如： America Civil War lasted for four years. 美国内战持续了四年。 Our holidays lasted for ten days. 我们休了十天假。2. always 频度副词，意思是：永远，一直，总是(1)always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly ever和never是频度副词，与疑问词how often对应。它在句中位于实义动词之前，情态动词(may，can，would，could等)、助动词(do，did，does，have，had等)、连系动词(be)之后。 He is always wearing that blue shirt. 他总是穿着那件蓝色的衬衣。 I always think of her in that dress. 我总是想起她穿着那件连衣裙的样子。(2)always与进行时连用，常带有感情色彩。 The boy is always telling lies. 这孩子总是说谎。(表示生气) He is always talking to his father like that 他老是那样和他父亲说话。(表示不满)3. alone (1)alone形容词，意为“单独的；独一无二的”，只可作表语。 I am not alone in this opinion. 不只是我一个有这想法。(2)alone也可作副词，意为“单独，独自”。 He alone knows the secret. 只有他一人知道秘密。 She lived alone. 她独居。 The key alone will open the door. 只有这把钥匙能开这个门。 He did it all alone. 这事是他一个人干的。4cross (1)cross作动词，意为“横渡，渡过；越过”。 They crossed the road. 他们过了马路。(2)cross作动词时，还可表示“交叉，相交；错过”。例如： We crossed each other on the way. 我们在途中错过了。(3)近义词：pass 穿过5. along (1)along作副词(与动词连用)，意为“往前，向前” Let us walk along. 让我们往前走。(2)along作副词时，还可表示“共同，一起”。例如： I took my brother along. 我带着弟弟。(3)along还可作介词，意为“沿着”。例如： We walked along the river. 我们沿着河走。6. feel like表示“感觉是，似乎” Whats this in my pocket? It feels like a nut. 什么东西在我口袋里？摸上去像是个坚果。 feel like后可接doing sth，表示“喜欢(愿意)做某事”。 I feel like staying at home to the weekends. 我喜欢周末待在家里。7. enjoy是带有欣赏性质的“喜欢，喜爱”，且含“享受”之意。例如： I think everyone enjoyed your wonderful party 我想所有的人都非常欣赏你们的精彩晚会。 enjoy doing表示“喜欢，乐意做某事”，指从某件事中享受到乐趣。例如： I enjoy listening to music. 我很喜欢听音乐。8. be good at表示“擅长，在方面做得好”，at后面跟名词、代词或动名词。 He is good at swimming. 他擅长游泳。 What subjects are you good at? 你擅长哪些科目？ She is good at math. 她擅长数学。 He is good at singing. 他擅长唱歌。 近义词组：do well in，更强调一次性做得好。 You did well in the Chinese exam. 你这次语文考试考得好。9. clean表示“打扫”，及物动词，还有形容词词性。(1)clean作动词，意为“打扫，弄干净”。 The students are cleaning the classroom. 学生们在打扫教室。(2)clean还可作形容词，意为“干净的”，其反义词为dirty。 Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 请保持教室干净整齐。【重难点分析】1. He sure is! 他确实很好！(1)此处sure是副词，意为“的确，一定”。 It sure was a cold day. 的确是个冷天。(2)口语中可以单独使用，表示“同意”。 Are you going? 你去吗？ Sure. 当然啦。(3)sure还常用作表语。其用法如下： be sure of表示“对有把握，肯定”。 Im sure of his coming. 我确信他能来。 be sure that 表示“确定，确信”。 Im sure that he will come. 我确信他能来。2. It looks like rain，doesnt it? 看起来要下雨了，不是吗？(1)it作代词，在本句中指“天气”，it还可指“时间，距离”。例如： Its a fine day today. 今天天气很好。 Its seven oclock. 现在7点了。 Its two kilometers away from my home to school. 从我家到学校有2千米远。(2)本句中look作系动词，后可接形容词、名词。 She looks very sad. 她看上去很伤心。 You look very happy today. 今天你看上去很高兴。3. Do you think itll stop by noon? 你认为到中午雨会停吗？(1)think后引导的是一个宾语从句，用陈述句语序。 Do you think she can carry the box? 你认为她能搬动这个箱子吗？(2)by表示时间，指“在前，不迟于，到时(为止)”，相当于before。 Can you finish your work by 6 pm? 下午6点前你们能完成工作吗？ By the time we got there，the bus had already gone. 当我们到达那儿时，公共汽车已经走了。 by也可以表示方法、手段，意为“同，靠，用，通过”。 by phone用电话 by bus乘公共汽车 by还可以表示位置，意为“在旁，靠近”相当于beside，near等。 I sit by the window. 我坐在窗子旁。4. I hope the bus comes soon. 我希望公共汽车很快就来。(1)soon表示“不久，很快”，指的是时间上的“快”。 I want to get your letter soon. 我想尽快收到你的来信。 The winter comes soon. 冬天马上就要来了。(2)hope意为“希望”，表示的是“有把握、有信心实现某一愿望”，它后面常接动词不定式或从句作宾语。 I hope to hear from you soon. 我希望不久收到你的来信。 I hope it will be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天是好天气。5. Thank you so much for inviting me. 非常感谢你邀请我。(1)这是对别人提出邀请的礼貌答语。thanks for后接名词或动名词形式，用for引起要表示致谢的原因，表示“因为而感谢你”。表示感谢最简单最常用的方式是说Thank you或Thanks(这是更随便的说法)。 Thank you for telling me. 谢谢你告诉我。 Thank you for a delicious lunch. 谢谢你的美味午餐。 Thank you for giving me so much help. 谢谢你给了我如此多的帮助。 Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。(2)invite作及物动词，后常跟“人”，也常与to连用，表示“邀请某人去”。 She invited us to her party. 她邀请我们参加她的聚会。 如果你当面邀请人，不可用invite，需用would you like来表达。例如： Would you like to come to the party? 你们愿意来参加聚会吗？6. Im going to ask my cousin，Tommy，to go with me.我打算要我的表兄汤米和我一起去。(1)Tommy在本句中作my cousin的同位语，是对my cousin的补充说明。 My sister，Jane，is a student. 我妹妹，简，是一名学生。(2)to go在这里是ask的宾语补足语，即ask sb to do sth，表示“要求某人做某事。”例如： My boss asked me to finish the work before six oclock. 老板要求我在下午6点前完成这项工作。 He always asks me to help him with his homework.他经常让我帮助他做作业。(3)本句中with是指“和某人在一起”，后常跟名词或代词作宾语，其后若跟人称代词时，要用宾格形式。 I am going to the park with my mother. = My mother and I are going to the park. 我打算和妈妈一起去公园。 I spend a good time with my students. 我和学生们共度美好时光。7. He said hed help me with my math project 他说他将帮助我做数学作业。(1)这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，宾语从句为过去将来时。不管是什么人称后，这个时态均由“would+动词原形”构成，这个时态常常用在宾语从句中，特别是用于宾语从句中，其主语应是一般过去时。 I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的。 I said l would arrange everything. 我说我要安排一切。 He told me he would wait for me outside. 他告诉我他将在外边等我。 I asked if he would come and mend my television set. 我问他可否来修我的电视机。(2)help sb. with sth.是固定搭配。 May I help you with your luggage? 我帮你拿行李好吗? Let me help you off with your coat. 我来帮你脱上衣。 Please help me up with this heavy box. 请帮我把这个大箱子抬上去。(3)句中project意为“作业”。 In their geography class，the children are doing a special project on North American Indians.在地理课上，孩子们正在做一个有关北美印第安人的特别作业。 I did my physics project with my classmates in my house yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我与我班的同学在我家做家庭作业。8. Paul and I are good friends. We get along well because we both like sports. 我和保罗是好朋友，我们相处得很好，因为我们俩都喜欢运动。(1)both表示“(两者)都”，在句中常用在系/助/情态动词之后，行为动词之前。 We are both tall. 我们俩都很高。 They are both boys. 他们俩都是男孩。 We both have short hair 我们俩都留短发。 They both go to this school.他们俩都在这所学校读书。 My parents both like hiking.我父母都喜欢远足。(2)both常与and连用，意为“不但而且；既又”，用于连接两个并列成分。若连接两个主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。 Both New York and London have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。 The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish 这位秘书不但能说而且能写西班牙语。 Both teaching and research work are making great strides.教学与科研都在大踏步前进。(3)get along也可写作get on，表示“相处”。例如： Do you get along well with your parents? 你和父母相处得好吗？ Lily gets along well with Lucy.莉莉和露西相处得很好。 How do you get along with your classmates? 你和同学们相处得怎么样？【词语辨析】1. 时间介词in，on，at in(1)表示在较长的时间里(如周月份季节年份世纪等)。 如： in a week；in May；in springsummerautumnwinter；in 2008；in the 1990s对于动词的主语是“借出”则用lend，其句型为“lendto” 如： I can lend my bike to you，but you mustnt lend it to others. 我可以把我的自行车借给你，但你一定不要把它借给别人。 如果所借的东西要保留一段时间，用keep。 如： “How long can I keep the book?” “Twoweeks.”“这本书我可以借多久？”“两个星期。”3. hope与wish均可表示“希望，想”，均可用to do不定式作宾语，不可用doing。其不同之处在于：(1)“wish+宾语+to do”还可表示“命令”；hope不能这样用。例如： I wish you to go. 我要你去。(2)hope后不能直接跟名词作宾语，但能跟“for+名词”，表示可能实现的“希望”；wish虽也能跟“for+名词”，但表示难以实现的“愿望”。例如： I hope for success. 我希望成功。(可能性很大) I wish for a car. 我很想得到小汽车。(难以实现的愿望)(3)hope和wish都可跟that从句，但“hope+ that从句”表示“希望”；“wish +that从句”表 Twice a year. 一年两次。 How often do you see a film? 你多长时间看一次电影？ Once a month. 每月一次。 Do you know how often Lily visit her grandparents? 你知道莉莉多长时间去看一次她的爷爷奶奶吗？ Once a week. 一周一次。(2)long表示物体的长度或时间的长度。how long表示“多长”或“多久，多长时间”之意。 How long can you stay at home during summer holiday?暑假你能在家待多久？ More than two months. 大约两个月。 How long is this river? 这条河有多长？(指长度) Its about 2658 kilometers. 大约2658公里。(3)how soon通常表示一般将来时，意为“再等多长时间？”“多长时间才？”，是对“in+时间段”(in ten minutes / two hours / a week)提问。 Can you tell me how soon you can be ready? 你能告诉我你多久能准备好吗？(4)How much is / are ? 多少钱？若询问某一商品多少钱时，一般用How much is / are ? 这一句型，商品是单数或不可数名词时用is，商品是复数时用are。 How much is that sweater? 那件毛衣多少钱？ Two hundred and ten yuan. 210元。 How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？ They are twenty-five yuan. 25元。询问商品的价格，还有以下几种问法： How much，please? 请问多少钱？ How much do you want for it? 这些东西你要多少钱？ How much do you say it is? 你说要多少钱？6. across，through与cross 都有“穿过，通过”之意。across和through是介词，cross是动词。(1)cross相当于“动词+across”，常用于指“横穿”。 Be careful when you cross the road. = Be careful when you go across the road. 当你横穿马路时一定要小心。 (2)across指从物体的一侧到另一侧或从某个范围的一边到另一边。它和on有关，表示从“面上”穿过。 Can you swim across the river? 你能游过这条河吗？(3)though指“从中通过”，着重指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头，含义与in有关。 It took him one hour to walk through the forest.他花费了一个小时的时间穿过那片森林。语法讲解1. 反意疑问句的结构：陈述句+简短疑问部分。2. 反意疑问句的用法（1）一般陈述句变反意疑问句的原则是：前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定。即当陈述句部分是肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式；当陈述句部分是否定式时，疑问部分则用肯定式。 如：It is a nice day, isnt it? He isnt a teacher, is he?（2）当陈述句部分有否定词little, few, no, never, nobody, nothing, hardly, seldom，neither等时，后面的疑问部分用肯定式。 如：He never goes to school late, does he? She can hardly swim, can she?（3）祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用 will you. 如：Turn on the light please, will you? Dont open the window, will you?（4）Lets 开头的反意疑问句，疑问部分用shall we，Let us开头的用will you。 如：Lets play soccer, shall we? Let us have a rest, will you?（5）如果陈述句部分的主语是不定代词nothing，something，everything时, 疑问部分的主语用it；如果陈述句部分的主语是不定代词everyone，nobody，somebody，someone时，疑问部分的主语用they或it。 如：Nothing is too difficult for me, is it?No one knows me, do they?【典型例题解析】例1You had a good time during the May Day holiday.，_you? A. had B. hadnt C. have D. havent AatB sinceCforDin3Thanks for _ to my new house yesterdayAto comeBcomingCcameDcome4What about _?Thats not _Anecklace；enough creativeBnecklaces；enough creativeCa necklace；creative enoughDa necklace；enough creative5Would you mind _ out of the bathroom?AgetBto getCgotDgetting6There _ a talk about education in our school library next weekAwill beBwill haveCwould beDwould have7Her cousin has been to Qingdao，_?Ahas sheBis sheCisnt sheDhasnt she8Dont worryI can _ your pet parrot when you go outAget along withBsay sorryCturn downDtake care ofAwill youBdo youCdont youDshall you二、完形填空A man is sitting in the doctors officeHe was telling the doctor about his 1“I like football，doctor，”he said“Please help meMy life has 2 been a good one since I became 3 in football and it is getting worse and worseI cant even 4 well at nightWhen I close my 5，Im out there in the football field 6 after a flying ballwhen I wake up，Im more 7 than I was when I went to bedWhat am I going to do?”The doctor sat back and said，“First of all，you 8 to do your best not to dream about football Before you are falling asleep，try to 9 about something elseTry to think that you are at a party and someone is going to give you several million dollars”“Are you crazy?”the man shouted，“Ill 10 the ball！”1AproblemBfamilyCsportDjourney2AalwaysBalreadyC .neverDoften3A. interestedBcarefulCdeepDstrong4AworkBplayCdoDsleep5AdoorsBwindowsCbooksDeyes6AlookingBplayingCrunningDwaiting7AworriedBtiredCsurprisedDpleased8AwantBhopeChaveDdecide9AhearBwriteCtalkDthink10AmissBplayCcatchDpass三、阅读理解AMary，a young woman，had a little white sheep She loved it very muchIn the daytime she tied it to a tree to let it eat grass in the fields and in the evening she went to take it back homeOne evening she found someone had cut the rope (绳子) and the sheep was no longer in the fieldsWhen her husband came back from work，she told him what had happenedAt once her husband started to lookfor the sheepHe went around the small village，but the sheep couldnt be foundThe next day Marys husband heard that one. of his neiqghbours(邻居)，Alec，had bought a sheep“Perhaps Alec has stolen (偷) our sheep，”he said to himself. But when he got to Alecs house，he found be had made a mistake. In front of Alecs house there was a black sheepAt that time it started to rainHe had to stay in Alecs houseWhen he came outside after the rain stopped，he was surprised to findthat the white sheep was standing before himAlec had dyed (染) its wool black Now it had been washed clean by the rain根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)1Mary loved the white sheep，so she tied it to the tree behind her house()2She let the sheep eat grass in the fields from morning to evening()3Mary knew where the sheep was()4After Marys husband came home，she asked him if he knew where the sheep was()5Mary and her husband found the sheep in the village that day()6The next day one neighbour told Marys husband that Alec had stolen the sheep()7When Marys husband arrived at Alees house he saw a black sheep()8After the rain the black sheep became white()9The rain helped him to find the sheep()10He had to stay in Alecs house because it was raining()BDo you know Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng? Fei Junlong was born in 1965He is a Chinese astronaut selected (选拔) as a member of the Shenzhou programHe was born in Jiangsu and joined the Peoples Liberation Army Air Force (中国人民解放军空军) in 1982 at the age of 17And since then he has only returned home six timesAs a fighter pilot (战机飞行员)，he was selected to be an astronaut in 1998He married Wang Jie in 1991 and has one sonNie Haisheng was born in September 1964He is also a Chinese astronaut selected for the Shenzhou programHe is from HubeiAfter graduating from high school he joined the Peoples Liberation Army Air Force，and became a fighter pilotIn 1998 he was selected for the astronaut programHe was one of the three astronauts who were in the final group to train for the Shenzhou 5 flightYang Liwei was also picked out for the flight，with Zhai ZhigangOn September 23，2005 it was reported that Zhai and Nie would be one of the three pairs of astronauts who would be in the final training for Shenzhou 6But in the end，Fei and Nie were chosen，and Zhai missed his chance to space againNie Haisheng got married to Nie Jielin and has an 11-year-old daughter11When did Nie join the army?AIn 1982BIn 1998CIn 1991DAfter his graduation from high school12Who among the astronauts in this passage hasnt been to space?AZhai ZhigangBNie HaishengCYang LiweiDFei Junlong13How many times has Fei Junlong returned home since he left at the age of 17?AThree timesBFour timesCSix timesDEight times14How many people did the writer mention in this passage?A5B6C7D815Which of the followings is TRUE according to this passage?AYang Liwei was born in JiangsuBNie Haisheug has an eleven-year-old daughterCFei Junlong is one year older than Nie HaishengDZhai Zhigang got married to Nie Jielin and has a son四、词汇A根据汉语及首字母提示补全单词1Our teacher gave us some _ (建议)2They s_ 80 yuan on the coat3Its going to rainYoud better take all u_ with you4I have collected three hundred _ (邮票)5My English teacher said my _ (听力) was very good6There is a _ (公司) near my house7The o_ of“out” is “in”8This is the r_ of Units 6109Last year I _ (买) the computer in Japan10Britain is a E_ countryB用所给单词的适当形式填空11He has been _ (swim) for ten years12Some _ are _ (visit) the Great Wall now13He didnt finish _ (write) his test because he ran out of time14There are lots of boys _ (play) football over there15_ (make) a meal at home is very interesting and full of fun16She told me _ (read) more books when I had time17Where is Mr Green?He _ (go) to New York18I think its better for animals to live in _ (nature) environment19Youll fail in the exam if you _ (not work) harder20In the western part of China its often _ (sand)2现在我觉得像这个团体中的一员了。I feel like _ _the group now3他们确实对我很友好。They were really _ _ me4我不认识一些女孩子。I didnt _ _ of the girls5周日晚上我玩得非常愉快。I _ _ _ _ on Sunday night6很遗憾，你和你爸爸不能去。Im sorry you and your father _ _7但是我真的很高兴有这张票。But Im really _ _ _ the ticket8我看到他们赢得比赛时我会想到你的。Ill _ _ you as I watch them win the game_B根据下面所提供的