北京市平谷县第二中学九年级英语《定语从句》课件 .ppt

定语从句 theattributiveclause 定语从句 1 themanwenttothetownyesterday 2 theoldmanwenttothebeautifultown 4 theoldman whogaveusatalklastmonth wenttothebeautifultown wherehelivedtenyearsago 3 theoldmanovertherewenttothebeautifultown yesterday 5 thisisthebook thatyougavemeyesterday 定语从句定义 在复合句中作定语 用来修饰主句中某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句 它的作用相当于一个形容词 通常放在被修饰词的后面 doyouknowtheman whoourteacheristalkingto 定语从句 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 关联词 即起联系作用又充当从句中的一个成分 定语从句的基本结构 ihelpedaperson whowasintroublelastsunday 先行词 关联词 定语从句 指出下列各句中的定语从句及其先行词 1 it sunkindtolaughatapersonwhowasintrouble it snotkindtolaughataperson whowasintrouble 2 shebroughtlighttothepeoplewhomsheloved shebroughtlighttothepeople whomsheloved 3 thebookthatiboughtyesterdayisinteresting thebook thatiboughtyesterday isinteresting 5 theygivetheboysomeofthefruittheyhadpicked 4 onceuponatime therelivedagirlwhosefatherwasapoorfarmer onceuponatime therelivedagirl whosefatherwasapoorfarmer 6 theygivetheboysomeofthefruit theyhadpicked 1 it snotkindtolaughatapersonwhowasintrouble 2 shebroughtlighttothepeoplewhomsheloved 3 thebookthatiboughtyesterdayisinteresting 4 onceuponatime therelivedagirlwhosefatherwasapoorfarmer 5 welovetheschoolwherewestudy 6 healwayscomesatatimewhenweneedhelp 7 thefilmwhichwesawlastnightwaswonderful 1 先行词是人 关联词用who 在定语从句中作主语 whom 在定语从句中作宾语 还可用that 可以省略 whose 在定语从句中作定语 1 iamtheteacherwhoteachesyouenglish 2 thesingerwhomyouwanttoseehasalreadycome 关联词 3 doyouknowthemanthatourteacheristalkingto 4 thegirlwhoseskirtiswhiteismysister 2 先行词是物 引导词用which或that hepenwhichiwanttobuyisveryexpensive ireallylikethelittledogthatyougavemelastyear welovetheschoolwherewestudy apostofficeisaplacewhereyoucanbuystampsandenvelops 3 先行词是地点 引导词用where 在定语从句中作地点状语 healwayscomesatatimewhenweneedhelpistillrememberthedayswhenilivedinlondon 4 先行词是时间 引导词用when 在定语从句中作时间状语 thatisthereasonwhyican tagree 5 先行词是原因 引导词用why 在定语从句中作原因状语 注意 关联词that which在从句中做宾语时 经常被省略 特别是在口语和非正式文体中 whom也常被省略 1 thelesson that hetaughtwerenoteasilyforgotten 2 thefilm which wesawlastnightwaswonderful 3 theman whom youwanttomeethascome 关系代词that在从句中做介词的宾语 不能省略 而且介词不能放在关联词前面 theroomthatshelivesinisalargeone 关系代词whom which在定语从句中作介词宾语时 可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间 有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写 而将介词置于定语从句的后面 如 thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears 在定语从句中 以下情况常用that而不用which 1 先行词是不定代词something anything或被不定代词some any little alittle few afew修饰时 例 isthereanythingthaticandoforyou 2 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 例 thisisthebestbookthati veeverread 3 先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时 例 icanseethechildrenandthetablesthatareinthehouse 4 先行词有thevery theonly thesame等词修饰时 例 that stheonlythingthatwecandonow 只能用which 不用that的情况 2 定语从句由介词 关系代词引导 先行词是物时 例如 thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance 1 在非限制性定语从中 例如 themeetingwasputoff whichwasexactlywhatwewanted 定语从句分为 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句 是先行词必不可少的定语 如果把它去掉 则主句的意思就不完整或失去意义 限定性定语从句的特点是 与主句的关系十分密切 书写时不用逗号割开 peoplewhoareintheclassroomarethestudents parents 非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 是对先行词的附加说明 如果把它省列 也不影响主句的意思和完整性 这种句子和主句之间往往用逗号隔开 missli whoisfrombeijing isourenglishteacher shelivesintheseventhfloor whereitisbigandbright 定语从句的基本结构 ihelpedaperson whowasintroublelastsunday 先行词 关联词 定语从句 先行词是人 who whom whose that 先行词是物 which that 先行词是原因 先行词是时间 先行词是地点 where when why trytounderstandthesesentences theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother beijinghotelwheretheforeignvisitorsliveisneartiananmensquare thewomanwhomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereportyesterday thecarwhichjustpasseduswasgoing90milesanhour ienjoyedreadingthebookyougavemelastweek thesubjectipreferisscience themanispoketoisaprofessor 单项填空 1 whoistheman wastalkingtoourenglishteacher oh it smrbaker ourmathsteacher a heb thatc whosed which2 ihatethepeople don thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble a whob whichc theyd where3 theforeigner visitedourschoolisfromcanada a whichb whenc whod whom4 georgemallorywasanenglishschoolteacher lovedclimbing a whob whomc hed which5 thisistheplace ihaveevervisited a thereb whenc whered which b a c a d 6 nobodyknowsthereason shedidn tcometothemeeting a thatb whichc whyd when7 themoonisaworld thereisnolife a thatb whichc whered why8 hehasforgottentheday hearrived a whenb wherec thatd which9 hestillremembersthedays hespentwithyourfamily a whenb wherec thatd onwhich10 mr white carhadbeenstolen cametothepoliceman a whob thatc whosed which c c a c c 用适当的引导词填空 1 weliketheperson ishelpful 2 istillremembertheyears iwasinthecollege 3 iwanttogotoaplace therearebeautifulflowers 4 doyouknowtheman ourenglishteacheristalkingto who that when where who that 定义 在复合句中 修饰名词和代词的从句 在句子中起定语作用 概念 heistheboywhooftengoestoschoollate 先行词关系词定语从句 原则 a 定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面 限制修饰先行词 b 定语从句必须用关系词来引导 c 关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分 关系词 关系代词 that who whom whose which 关系代词 when where why revison 关系词在句子中充当的成分 关系副词when where why的用法 关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语 当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时 我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词 where在定语从句中作地点状语 指代地点 when在定语从句中作时间状语 指代时间 why在定语从句中作原因状语 指代原因 iwon tforgetthetimewhenigotmarried thisistheplacewherewehadagoodtime idon tknowthereasonwhyhewon tjoinus 关系副词when where why和关系代词that which的区分 同样是修饰一个地点 有时使用where 有时使用that which 同样是修饰一个时间 有时使用when 有时使用that which 同样是修饰一个原因 有时使用why 有时使用that which 这主要看两点 一是定语从句是否完整 即充当什么句子成分 二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词 请比较以下句子 thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty shewon tforgetthedaysthatshespentontheisland shewon tforgetthedayswhentheystayedtogether thatwasthereasonthathegavemeyesterday thatwasthereasonwhyhegavemeanoteyesterday fillintheblanks 1 isthistheroom youcleanedlasttim